Ministry Of Human Resource Development Research Articles

REVIEW ON NIRF

The higher education institutions of India needed a proven quality assurance mechanism to build the confidence in the quality of higher education. The region lags at the bottom of international rankings on quality, with the exception of a handful of well-rated universities. Many non-academic media such as magazines, newspapers, career sites have measured institutional quality and provided ranking. The wide acceptance of such media rankings are questioned as mostly influenced participation by very few institutions and mainly used for admission campaign. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India (GOI) in the year 2015 launched National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) to evaluate the institutions with India centric parameter and also to minimize the impact of media ranking run by non-academic agencies. The NIRF has gained its momentum and confidence of public as it covers all kind of institutions and transparency in result announcement. The national ranking was used as one of the criteria to decide Institutes of Eminence (IOE) when there was a tie-break among institutions. The paper reviews the NIRF ranking and its impact.

An India Towards Global Ranking Standards: A Move Towards Data Curation

Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is not only a source of inspiration for sectors such as Research and Development, Services, Agriculture and Entrepreneurship. They are also enhancing our competitiveness and relevance by proposing and executing different projects across the nation. The approach is in line with the vision 2030. As per 2018 Shanghai report of Times Higher Education (THE), only 40% academic and 10% of employer reputation is built as per the Global Ranking Standards. Indian Higher Educational warehouses with the help of National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) and University Grant Commission (UGC) are generating data which is of least relevance to end users. We propose peer to peer data curation model which shall be extended as per business need using a cloud technology. We have harnessed data related to the Higher Education Sector (HES) from Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc), RUSA, and MHRD, to understand Indian contribution towards global ranking standards in Higher Education Sector. The approach is in line with the Escuela Nueva Model and Open Architecture Information System (OAIS) as existing standards in traditional data curation process. It is supported by the patent in large-scale data curation.

Gross Enrolment Ratio Prediction using Artificial Neural Network

The present paper deals with Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) prediction in higher education within the state of Mizoram, India. The data used in this study are obtained from the yearly report of All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), published by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Govt. of India and Statistical Handbook of various years published by Dept. of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Mizoram. In this study, a soft computing technique known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is implemented for prediction of GER in higher education. The data obtained are analyzed and categorized into two classes known as the input and target data. The input data represent the years from 1968 to 2017. The target data represents the enrolment details corresponding to the input year such as, male enrolment, female enrolment, eligible population and GER. After generating these input data and target data, an ANN is used for building a model. The model has been trained and tested using 530260 student enrolment data for the period of 50 years. In order to obtain an accurate GER prediction, the accuracy of four architectures of ANN known as Back Propagation (BP), Radial Basis (RB), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) are compared. The comparison is carried out by performing a prediction on the known data set. It is found that BP Neural Network with 50 hidden neurons and a learning rate of 0.1 gives the best prediction accuracy. Therefore, to predict the future GER, a BP neural network is implemented in this study. The main focus of this study is to analyze the pattern of enrolment and to predict future GER, as GER is a primary indicator for the status of higher education. The result obtained may help policymakers to take suitable decision to increase GER in higher education within the state of Mizoram so as to contribute to the govt. of India's target of 30% by the year 2020.

Social Responsibility Of Private Higher Educational Sector Towards The Teaching Faculties

Sensitization of staff is one of the fundamental agenda behindhand of social responsibility when focused from any view. Recent years we could find emerging of many universities and colleges in and around globally. According to the UGC (University Grants Commission) Feb 2020 list, India has 935 universities includes 409 state universities, 349 private universities, 50 central universities and 127 deemed to be universities. In India, colleges and universities play a vital role in societies. Also from the Educational Statistics at A Glance (ESAG) survey published by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of School Education & Literacy Statistics Division, the study discovers that the number of private universities increases every year. Due to the decrease in the government financial support and lack of initiating the steps to make our higher education globalization, education has now been commercialized as required to house themselves in this capitalized market. This change has not only impacted the curricular edition but has also decreased the concept of social responsibility. This paper aims to bring out the challenges and discuss how universities can attain charity, sustainability and provide financial support at time of need. The study used both the primary and secondary data survey to find out the percentage of satisfactory level among the employers who are directly involved to the university.

Ancient science of mantras – Wisdom of the sages

International Journal of Yoga is peer-reviewed open access scholarly publication of the Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (a Deemed University) recognized by the Ministry of Human Resource Development through UGC, Government of India, New Delhi, Indi

A Paradigm Shift in Teaching and Learning: An Overview of the Pre COVID and Post COVID Scenario in the Higher Education Sector of India

The current pandemic scenario has suddenly changed the definitions, models and structures of all fields of life, the education sector being no exception. All the stakeholders of this sector- the governments, administrations/managements of the institutions, the teachers and lastly and most importantly the students, who are at the receiving end, have found themselves grappling with the situation, trying to find the best solutions to continue the teaching learning process in the best way possible. Countries all over the globe are dealing with the existing situation in different ways. While in some countries online/digital education was already an established norm, in some others- specially the developing countries, the concept is relatively new and shall take some time to integrate into the conventional modes of disseminating education. The current paper, however, attempts to present an overview of the higher education sector in India-- the pre-COVID and post-COVID scenario as far as the digital initiatives taken by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India are concerned. The MHRD and the government of India had already started taking steps towards digitalization of education in the higher education sector and those initiatives have only got a stimulus in the current lockdown situation due to the pandemic. The University Grants Commission- which is a statutory body under MHRD, charged with coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of higher education- has been issuing fresh guidelines and directives to the universities of the country for incorporating various programs to encourage online teaching and learning. Training of teachers in various ICT enabled Learning Management Systems under various schemes, making students aware of various digital platforms of learning, directing state governments and institutions regarding making use of the various applications for learning etc. are, to name a few, the steps taken by the government of India in the current situation. All these programs and initiatives shall certainly have a bearing on the future course of education in the country as well, because by the time the pandemic situation is over- the digital/online education shall have become a ‘new normal’ across the country

Comment on "Moving from Models to Mechanisms in Yoga Research".

International Journal of Yoga is peer-reviewed open access scholarly publication of the Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (a Deemed University) recognized by the Ministry of Human Resource Development through UGC, Government of India, New Delhi, Indi

Yoga-Related Injury in India: Deep Silence and Closed Eyes.

International Journal of Yoga is peer-reviewed open access scholarly publication of the Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (a Deemed University) recognized by the Ministry of Human Resource Development through UGC, Government of India, New Delhi, Indi

Effectiveness of an oral health training program for school teachers in India: An interventional study.

INTRODUCTION:Schools are a valuable platform for promoting oral health through oral health education as the children spend most of their active time in schools. Training school teachers on oral health promotion will help to inculcate healthy oral habits in children during their formative years of life.OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, approach, and action change of school teachers toward oral health and the impact of this training intervention in improving their knowledge.MATERIALS AND METHODS:An interventional study was conducted among 50 primary school teachers across the country selected by the Ministry of Human Resource Development. A self-administered, 28-item questionnaire in Google document format was developed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of teachers toward oral hygiene before and after the teachers' training program. The training was done using a validated training manual on oral health promotion for school teachers developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Needs assessment for training was conducted 1 week before this training program.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mc Nemar tests were used to assess the difference between the scores before and after oral health education.RESULTS:The needs assessment revealed that majority of the teachers felt the need to participate in oral health promotion training. A significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean knowledge scores of school teachers was seen after a 1-day training program.CONCLUSION:The training improved the knowledge of school teachers on oral health which indicates that the adopted method of oral health education was well received by the participants from all over the country.

Trends in Gross Enrolment Ratio of Male Female Enrolment and Expenditure on Higher Education as Percentage of Gross Domestic Product India

Education plays a vital role in development of the society and the nation at large. It prepares and trained staff in any respect levels to manage capital, technology services and administration at each sector within the economy of the nation. India is presently at the stage of demographic transition wherever growth is retardation down however, the population of young people entering the labor/employment force continues to expand. This young and huge population ought to be educated for the betterment of the state. Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education with respect to gender is having increasing trend. The proportion of students enrolling in the higher education has increased significantly during the last two decades and as a result the higher education institutes, private universities, private and government colleges, in India are increasing significantly. Though the government of India has its own limitations towards funding the higher education should formulate the policy of funding to the universities/educational institutes so that the quality and standard in higher education is maintained. The aim of this paper is to study the trends in male, female enrolment and expenditure on higher education as % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of country. The secondary data is taken from the annual reports of University Grants Commission, AISHE and Ministry of Human Resource Development of India. The data is analyzed by using MINITAB19 statistical software by fitting quadratic trend and the forecasts for the period 2018-19 to 2027-28 with respect to GER of Male, Female and public expenditure on higher education in India. The accuracy of the fitted model is measured on the basis of Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). It was observed that student enrolment in higher education is increased but the expenditure on higher education as % of GDP has sown decreasing trend after 2000-2001.

SRM Institute of Science & Technology

Ramapuram CampusDr. Shakeela Sathish,Head of the DepartmentDepartment of MathematicsSRM Institute of Science and Technology is the number one private institution in the country, which has set standards in experimental education and knowledge creation across various fields. It has inspired students with an international standards of education, world class infrastructure and industry ready curriculum. A continuous emphasis on modern teaching methods, global links for research, student exchange and knowledge sharing and industry- institute interactions have consistently placed SRM, well ahead in every field. SRM Institute of Science and Technology has been categorized as grade ‘A’ by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India. SRM is accredited by NAAC with ‘A++’ grade in the year 2018. SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram established in 2004, is located at the heart of the city. This charming enclave provides the facilities and infrastructre, necessary for Dental, Health Sciences, Engineering and Technology and Science and Humanities.We are pleased to inform you that, Department of Mathematics is organisising a National conference on “Progress in Mathematics towards Industrial Applications”, which is aiming to promote interaction between academy and industry, leading to innovation in both fields and providing unique opportunity to discuss the latest ideas, problems and methodologies, and contributing to the advancement of science and technology. It also encourages industrial sectors to propose challenging problems where Mathematicians can provide insights and fresh perspectives.The purpose of this conference is to bring together leading academic scientists, experts from industry and young researchers and provide a platform in which significant advances in Mathematics are presented & widespread discussions are held, to promote the use of innovative Mathematics in industry. This conference will provide a unique opportunity to exchange ideas, problems and methodologies, bridging the gap between Mathematics and industry and contributing to the advancement of science and technology to benefit the society. The conference will have keynote addresses by renowned experts and Research paper presentations.Dr. Shakeela Sathish,ConvenerPMTIA– 2019

Integrating the Function of a University to a Work Place to Promote Post-Academic Research

Earlier universities had ‘teaching’ and ‘research’ as two missions and in recent times ‘contributing directly to industry’ has been added as the third mission. Considering that work places generate and disseminate knowledge, one can integrate the functions of a university to a work place. The author was involved in the implementation of such an integration and this article is an outcome of that experience. The article presents a summary of the relationship between science and technology, describes policy statements related to science and technology issued by the Government of India, and glimpses into the structure of research establishment in India. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is tasked with setting up Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), and its efforts have been supplemented by many other agencies of the Government. Agencies other than MHRD, including mission-oriented agencies, have oriented the HEIs established by them to cater to the needs of the business allocated to them. The article lists the motivations for setting up an HEI by a mission-oriented agency, where the idea of integrating the university function to a work place has been implemented.

Artificial Intelligence for Educational Applications in the Context of Prime Minister's New Education Policy (NEP)

During the recent past, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become ubiquitous and has made inroads in all walks of life including education. This study examines the possible impact of AI on the New Education Policy (NEP)-2019 envisaged by the Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Government of India, starting from kindergarten level of education to doctoral programs, in Schools, Colleges, Universities, and Institutes. While AI may not replace teachers, its synergistic use with other educational technologies as well as the teachers would give optimum benefits from the point of view of NEP, so that quality education is available even to rural students.

Implication of Cholesterol in Regulating the Pore‐formation Mechanism of Vibrio Cholerae Cytolysin, a β‐barrel Pore‐forming toxin

Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a β‐barrel pore‐forming toxin with potent cell‐killing cytolytic/cytotoxic activity. To exert it's cytolytic effect, VCC binds to the target cell membranes and forms transmembrane oligomeric β‐barrel pores. Earlier studies have indicated that cholesterol might play a critical role in regulating the mode of action of VCC. However, exact mechanistic basis of the process still remains unknown. In the present study, we have explored and examined the roles of cholesterol in the different steps of VCC mode of action. Employing the membrane lipid bilayer of lipid vesicles or liposomes containing varying amount of cholesterol, we have shown that cholesterol governs the efficient interaction of the toxin with the membrane lipid bilayer that in turn facilitates subsequent oligomeric pore‐formation process. We have also studied the physiological relevance of membrane cholesterol in the context of the biomembranes of the eukaryotic cells. Our results have shown that the depletion of membrane cholesterol from erythrocytes compromises the pore‐forming activity of VCC. In the biomembrane of erythrocytes, where accessory interactions are available, binding of VCC is not affected to any significant extent. However, upon depletion of membrane cholesterol in the erythrocytes membranes, membrane‐bound fraction of VCC remains trapped in the form of abortive oligomeric assembly, and does not form the functional pores. Our study has also revealed that VCC shows a marked tendency to associate with the cholesterol‐rich membrane micro‐domains on erythrocytes that, in turn, appears to facilitate cholesterol‐dependent pore‐formation mechanism of the toxin. In sum, our results suggest that the presence of cholesterol in the target membranes play critical role for the pore‐formation mechanism of VCC.Support or Funding InformationWe acknowledge the support through funding from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India [DBT grant no. BT/HRD/NBA/37/01/2014 (x)] and also the support through funding under the Centre of Excellence (COE) in Frontier Areas of Science and Technology (FAST) program of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, in the area of protein science, design, and engineering (to K.C.). We also thank the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali for the support.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Evaluation of effectiveness of Mid Day Meal Scheme on Enrolment and Drop out Rate of Children in Rural Government Schools

National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) commonly known as Mid Day Meal Scheme was launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Department of Education) with effect from 15th August, 1995. The programme is designed to give a boost to the universalization of primary education. It is helping poor children belonging to disadvantaged section to attend school more regularly and help them to concentrate on classroom activities. The present research aimed at studying the impact of Mid Day Meal Scheme (commonly known as Aksharadasoha) on enrolment and dropout rate of children in five rural government schools in Hassan district of Karnataka state. The field study was based on the observations of 208 children, 104 girls and 104 boys studying primary/upper primary and high schools in which Mid-Day Meals Scheme was functional. The data was collected from government school records. In all 208 parents of the beneficiary children were selected and interviewed to collect information about their socioeconomic status. The results showed that majority of the parents had their primary and upper primary level of education, they were engaged in agriculture and allied activities and their annual income was less than Rs. 50, 000. The study also revealed that there was continuous decline in the enrolment of children (both male and female) per session from 2011–12 to 2014–15 in government schools of Hassan district. The drop-out rate has been minimized to a large extent and from the session 2011–12 to the session 2014–15.

An assessment of Availability and Utilization of Laboratory facilities for Teaching Science at Secondary Level

The present study aimed to explore the availability and utilization of a science laboratory for the teaching and learning of science. This study was a joint collaboration with India’s Ministry of Human Resource Development, the Government of India, and the National Council of Educational Research and Training. The study adopted descriptive survey methodology and random sampling. The instruments used for the study were questionnaires for principals, teachers, and students. The study’s findings revealed in most participating schools; there were no separate science laboratories. It was also found that many teachers faced difficulties when conducting science activities due to the large number of students in each class as well as inadequate equipment and materials. The findings highlight that as there was no assessment of science laboratory practical activities, these activities did not contribute directly to the measurement of students’ academic performance in science. The study suggested that governments should support laboratory practical activities in science as a part of assessment and specifically for this study’s context takes immediate steps to set up science laboratories in all schools for the effective teaching and learning of science.

Indian researchers demand pay hike

After five years without a pay raise and eight months of lobbying, graduate students and other researchers in India have taken to the streets to demand an 80% hike in their stipends and scholarships. Some researchers have embarked on hunger strikes. Protesters began picketing at multiple sites across the country on Jan. 16. Around 2,000 researchers protested silently outside the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) headquarters in New Delhi. In addition to placards, they carried laptops and books to continue their work during the protest. They were detained by police and later released. At the Indian Institute of Science campus in Bangalore, more than 300 researchers held a 12-hour-long strike. The researchers will continue protesting until their demands are met, organizers say. The researchers’ current pay ranges from ₹300,000 to ₹336,000 ($4,200 to $4,700) annually. The pay was last increased in 2014. In addition to an increase now, the

Public Education Expenditure and Its Impact on Human Resource Development in India: An Empirical Analysis

Societal and global advancement increasingly depends upon research, invention, innovation and adaptation; all of these are products of educated mind. Education is public good in LDCs and need Government involvement to function effectively. National Education Policies of India in 1968, 1986 and 1992 (revised) have recommended 6% of GDP to spend on education which unfortunately was on an average 3.77% in last one and half decade. This insufficient funding can be considered as one of the factors for India’s low ranking in terms of Human Development Index. Descriptive and analytical methods are used to study the relationship between Public Education expenditure and Human Resource Development of India by using the secondary data collected through the reliable sources like Ministry of human resource development and Human Development reports published by UNDP. To analyse the relationship between spending by the Government on education and improvement in quality of Human resource, Granger Causality Test is applied. The results of the study show the influence of Public education expenditure on Human Resource Development in India.

A Study of Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds(SWAYAM)-A MOOC Platform of India

Now everybody from child to old have been transferred from the traditional to modern or analogue to digital, from non-technical to technical, from close education to open education, from industrial society to knowledge society. The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) courses have great social influence in media and educational institution and they were highlighted these courses even funding allocated to develop these courses in the universities. It can be accessed by anyone anywhere as long as they have the Internet connection. SWAYAM is a program initiated by the Government of India and designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of educational policy, that is, access, equity and quality. Moreover, it tries to develop a bridge the digital revolution for the students who have remain behind by digital revolution and those who have not been able to join the mainstream of the digital knowledge economy. It covers all higher education, high school and skill sectors. It saw a great development in the higher education and become a new buzzword. From the teacher's point of view, it is also very important because in a new draft guidelines framed by the UGC relating to eligibility and qualification of a college teacher, the UGC or Ministry of Human Resources Development have given importance for the development of MOOC Courses too.

Quality of Life of Parents Having Children with Autism

Background and Purpose: Autism is a complex developmental disorder which is fast growing in nature across the world. Aim of the study was to evaluate the Quality of Life (QOL) of parent with autism. Purpose of this study was to investigate the QOL of parents having children with autism. Methodology: Descriptive survey research design was used. The study employed a convenient sampling technique to draw 30 parents having children with autism who were attending special School at Thakur Hari Prasad Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for the Mentally Handicapped, Hyderabad (AP) in year 2013. WHOQOL-BREEF tool was used for data collection and data were analysed by using descriptive statistics namely: frequency distribution, percentages, mean and standard deviations. Results: Result revealed that 41% parents expressed that poor quality of life while 30% expressed their life in neither good nor bad. 21% parents perceived their life is good and 5% parents showed very good quality of life. 3% of parents having children with autism expressed very poor quality of life. Parents having children with autism displayed significant impairment in their quality of life especially in the area of psychological and environment domain. Conclusion: Findings of this research work will be helpful in building intervention programme and policy making to enhance quality of life of parents having children with autism. The ministry of Human Resource Development should consider the availability of stress management programme for parents, workshops and conferences for teachers and inclusive education for children with various disabilities.