Ministry Of Religious Affairs Research Articles

Freedom of Religion amid Polarization and Religious Moderation Policy

To address religious extremism and radicalism, the Indonesian government initiated the idea of “religious moderation” as an official state policy centered at the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Since 2019 the government has published books, guidance, and held various trainings on religious moderation, especially in institutions related to the Ministry. It also develops religious moderation instruments to ensure that government employees and officials, especially those within the Ministry, are free from exposure to extremism and radicalism. The idea is presented by the government as appreciating, respecting, and protecting the valued religious pluralism in Indonesia. But this article also argues that, upon critical examination, there are tensions between this idea and freedom of religion or belief in Indonesia. The religious moderation policy may run counter to freedom of religion or expression and overlooks central weaknesses in the existing state governance of religion

RIYĀḌ AL-ṢĀLIḤĀT AND THE CIRCULATION OF GENDER CONSERVATISM AMONG URBAN MUSLIMAH IN INDONESIA

In 2014, a musḥaf named Ummul Mukminin was published by a Quran publisher in Bandung, Indonesia. It targets female Muslim, as its cover suggested by self-claiming “Qur’an Terjemah untuk Perempuan”. It contains official translation of the Quran by the Ministry of Religious Affairs (2009 edition) and some additional texts in the back, including a “chapter” under the title “20 Wasiat Rasulullah untuk Perempuan”. This part contains text and translation of twenty hadiths from the Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥāt Quṭūf Tarbawiyya min Bustān al-Nubuwwa by Badawī Maḥmūd al-Sheikh. This research shows that out of twenty hadiths, only seven come from the Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥāt while the rest have no roots in the very book. It also finds that the gender narrative conveyed the chapter in particular and the paratext as a whole, contains subordination, domestication, and attempts to maintain certain stereotypes on women—all being part of conservative gender paradigm. Observation and interviews I conducted shows that the narrative has successfully penetrated the minds of urban Muslimahs. This research also raises a hypothesis that Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥāt is likely to be part of a bigger family of popular Islamist literature.

The Western Perspective on Islam: Reading the Legacy of Snouck Hurgronje on Islamic Studies

This article discusses the Western perspective on Islamic studies, particularly through the academic legacy of Snouck Hurgronje, a Dutch scholar known for his research on Muslim culture in Aceh and his influence on the Dutch colonial strategy in the Dutch East Indies. The author aims to answer two questions: what were the methods and characteristics of Islamic studies used by Snouck Hurgronje, and how do they differ from contemporary Islamic studies? Utilizing library research, it examines scholarly literature on Hurgronje, comparing his methods to current Islamic studies practices in Western universities and Indonesia. The article sheds light on Hurgronje’s role in introducing anthropology and ethnography to Islamic studies, noting his significant contributions to the development of ethnographic methods in this area. It suggests that his approach has been influential in shaping the study of Islam and continues to influence contemporary research methodologies in the field. However, the article also notes that 21st-century Islamic studies are fundamentally different from Hurgronje’s era, with a greater focus on insider researchers and a lack of imperialistic interests. These scholars, particularly those in Indonesian universities under the Ministry of Religious Affairs, have a significant influence on the field and continue the legacy of Hurgronje by using philological, anthropological, and ethnographic approaches to Islamic studies.

PERANCANGAN MADRASAH ALIYAH RAUDHATUL AMININ DI KECAMATAN SAMPANAHAN KABUPATEN KOTABARU

Education is one of the basic needs for humans. As the population increases, the need for education will also continue to increase. Madrasah Aliyah is one of the secondary education levels in formal education in Indonesia which is equivalent to Senior High School managed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The equalization and quality of Islamic education services is very important to do, especially in remote areas that may not have it at all, one of which is the Sampanahan District area of Kotabaru Regency. The problem raised from the design of this Madrasah Aliyah is how the concept of designing Madrasah Aliyah can optimize its function as an Islamic Education building. Architectural Programming method is used to optimize the function of Islamic education. The design concept applied to support the Islamic Education area is the concept of Islamic Architecture. The application on the design is with the division and arrangement of building masses in the area which is sorted according to the function and the culprit.

The Church as a Legal Entity Owning Property Rights

The Church with its legal competency as a legal entity based on the regulation that has been existed since the days of the Netherlands East Indies Government which is affirmed by the Decree of the Ministry of Home Affairs based on the recommendation from the Ministry of Religious Affairs then legal entities that carry out social or religious activities are allowed to have property rights. This is reinforced by the provisions of Article 21 paragraph 1 and Article 49 paragraph 1 of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles, then the Church has the right to have property rights of the land. In these matters, as mentioned in Article 49 paragraph 1 of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles states that the land on the property of the Church will be protected by the laws and regulations.

Gender representation in government-endorsed Arabic language textbooks: Insights from Indonesia

Much research on textbook analysis has looked at diverse perspectives nested by the textbook authors, including gender equality. Although a growing body of research on gender representation in textbooks has been undertaken, there is a paucity of research on Arabic textbooks. This study aims to examine gender representation in Arabic textbooks for Islamic school students approved by the Ministry of Religion of Indonesia to fill the research gap. This research employed a case study design focusing on three textbooks. The researchers utilized thematic analysis anchored in Rifkin’s theory. The findings show that (1) gender representation in Arabic textbooks, verbally and visually, is dominated by men, (2) gender representation is visualized from six themes showing male dominance except for the theme “traveling,” which is dominated by women, and (3) the pedagogical actions that need to be taken to overcome these problems are (a) Arabic language teachers need to develop materials when using government-endorsed Arabic textbooks and (b) the Ministry of Religious Affairs should promote gender equality through recommended textbooks.

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF ISLAMI DI MI “SINAU” BERBASIS ANDROID

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) is the most basic level of formal education in Indonesia and corresponds to primary schools administered by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah's education lasts for six years, from grades 1 to 6. Graduates of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah can continue their education at Madrasah Tsanawiyah or middle school. The purpose of this study is to create an interactive Islamic learning application consisting of several materials provided by researchers. There are also some quizzes to find students' benchmarks in collecting material using this model. Researchers used a research design based on the educational development methodology known as R&D (Research and Development). This study created the "SINAU" application, an interactive Islamic learning application consisting of several materials provided by the manufacturer. There are also some quizzes to find a student's benchmark in collecting material.

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Menteri Agama Di Detik.Com Dan Tribunnews Tentang Analogi Kebisingan Azan Dengan Suara Anjing

The statement of the Minister of Religious Affairs, Yaqut Cholil Qoumas in February 2022 about the analogy of the sound of azan with the sound of dogs also triggered polemics in Indonesian society. The minister's statement was also amplified by online media and became a topic of public conversation on social media in the range of February 22-26, 2022. This study aims to analyze the reporting of the Minister of Religious Affairs' statements in online media Detik.com and Tribunnews.com. The method used is a qualitative method with a news text analysis approach using the framing analysis of Zhondang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki. The result of the study was that Detik.com and Republika Tribunnews used different aspects of framing the news. Detik.com frames the news by focusing on things that are considered more attractive to readers. Tribunnews framed the news by deepening the discussion of the case by presenting more diverse sources ranging from the pros to the cons with the Minister. The framing comparison between the two is Detik.com highlight the opinions of sources who have a better chance of attracting readers or in other words tend to focus more on what is viral. Meanwhile, Tribunnews prefers a coherent news construction and not only focuses on viral statements but discusses in more detail from various parties both pro and contra with the statement of Minister of Religious Affairs Yaqut Cholil Qoumas.

Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła prawosławnego w Polsce w latach 1918-1921

The Polish government aimed at finalizing the matter of autocephaly as soon as possible. Initially, he laid the foundations for a diplomatic mission in Moscow, which eventually led to negotiations with the Moscow Patriarchate. The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Enlightenment sought to initially regulate the matter of the Orthodox Church within its competence, namely in the area of the Congress Kingdom, conducting talks with representatives of the Civil Administration of Eastern Territories in Vilnius and the Civil Administration of Volhynia and Podolia. Preliminary talks between the government and church hierarchs on autocephaly in the period from independence to the end of the Polish-Soviet war with the Treaty of Riga of March 18, 1921 were an important step in regulating the canonical and legal position of the Orthodox Church in Poland.

KOHERENSI KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN KELUARGA DAN TUMPANG TINDIH MANDAT PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN PRA NIKAH DI INDONESIA

This paper explores the actualization of the policy of providing premarital education in Indonesia, which in this case is elaborated through 3 Ministries of Municipal Religion, namely the Ministry of Religion of Yogyakarta City, Depok City and Cirebon City. The research is based on the hypothesis that the Ministry of Religious Affairs is tasked with providing premarital insights through premarital education to build a happy and healthy marriage. The Ministry of Religious Affairs itself has issued regulations for pre-marital education from 1961 to 2017 through the idea of the Sakinah Family Movement which continues until now. Using a descriptive analytical approach, researchers interviewed stakeholders who are authorized for the implementation of pre-marital education and observed activity instruments to get a detailed picture of the actualization of pre-marital education policies in 3 research areas. Researchers also explored the area of authority in the scope of premarital education regulations from 1961 to 2017 and their impact on the implementation of pre-marital education. Researchers found that the regulation of premarital education is legally independent and does not have the continuity of the program between each other. As a program overshadowed by regulation for the past nearly 5 years and financed by public funding, premarital education is still not a measurable program, either to look at its effectiveness into the function of family resilience and or into the function of political partisanship. The regulation of premarital education is still only part of the fulfillment of the administration of budgeting and financing. As a result, in each research area, the interpretation of policy implementation is not the same and cannot be evaluated to see the success rate. Through a period of implementation for approximately 5 years, regulations on premarital education need to be evaluated and restructured comprehensively.

An Analysis of Branding at Islamic Universities Using Mark and Pearson’s Archetypes

Competition between universities to gain market attention requires various strategies, including the activities of the institution's branding. University branding is obligatory to publicize their existence and values, which differ from competitors, whether in scientific values or other elements. However, sometimes stakeholders to not understand the "branding map" of the competitors surrounding campuses. This study aims to reveal the university's branding using the concept of archetypes written by Mark and Pearson. Twelve archetypes are commonly used for branding: the innocent, the explorer, the sage, the hero, the outlaw, the magician, the regular guy, the lover, the jester, the caregiver, the creator, and the ruler. The data in this research is in the form of text and pictures taken from logos, slogans, visions, and missions of 13 Islamic universities under the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The study shows that nine of the twelve archetypes appear in Islamic universities. The nine archetypes are the sage, the caregiver, the creator, the explorer, the hero, the innocent, the ruler, the regular guy, and the lover. Each Islamic University has multiple archetypes at once. Therefore, campus branding used in marketing and publication programs can use the most dominating archetypes.

THE ROLE OF WAQF MANAGEMENT IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE: A CASE STUDY OF YOBE ISLAMIC CENTRE, NIGERIA

Waqf is one of the factors for economic prosperity in Islamic civilization established by the Qur'an and Sunnah and has been practiced by Muslim generations as a financial charitable act established by withholding immovable and movable properties to perpetually spend its revenue to fulfill public or family needs, based on the preferences and conditions set by the founder. The institution of Waqf has been an effective way of reducing and eradicating poverty among Muslim communities. Yobe state government established the zakat and waqf management department under the Ministry of religious affairs (MORA) following the declaration of the Shariah system in the state on the 23rd of October 2002 to manage all activities related to zakat and Waqf. The aims and objectives of the institution are to promote the social welfare of the communities and to promote the socio-economic status of Muslims. Yobe state government engaged in establishing one of the most notable waqf investments in the state to promote charitable activities and encourage the Muslim community to continue investing in institutional waqf. However, despite establishing the institution, very few institutionalized waqf practices could be traced in the state. Thus, this research aims to examine the problems affecting the institution of waqf in Yobe State and recommends solutions to address the identified problems. The study applied qualitative research methods by using interviews and literature reviews to examine the major challenges facing the institution of Waqf and Zakat in Damaturu.

Hajj Finance Management in Theory H in Indonesia

The phenomenon of spiritual awareness in Muslim Indonesia is characterized among other things by the high interest of the Pilgrim approximately 221 thousand per year and 500 thousand Umrah pilgrims every year, the number of candidates was being Haji waiting until 2018 there are 2.8 million people in 2018. Nevertheless, Hajj Operation is identical to the issue of the utilization of funds prospective Haj pilgrims were not transparent use. The existence of Haji Financial Management Agency (BPKH) is expected to be a surveillance solution. CPC information accumulated funds initial deposit fee Hajj (BPIH) until 2022 could reach 147, 67 trillion. However, from year to year are finding potential state losses due to mismanagement of Hajj Fund Management. CPC had released the waste containing haj fee of Rp. 56.6 billion, including the cost of inefficiency boarding Rp. 12.8 billion, and some components have exorbitant fees a low cost Rp 58.5 billion. There is no clarity 3.5 Trillion Fund DAU (DAU) collected from the initial deposit prospective pilgrims could bring benefits and transparent its management.
 The large number of pilgrims who have signed up compared with the available quota, made a pilgrim in a normal atmosphere and had to wait an average of 19 years. Data from the Ministry of Haj said that the waiting period is the shortest in North Sulawesi province which is 11 years old. Meanwhile, the longest waiting period is in Aceh and East Java, which is 22 years. When the pilgrims had paid a down payment of Rp 25 million, then the money will settle during the waiting time, resulting in the accumulation of funds for pilgrims in large numbers. Magnitude heaping amount proportionate to the amount of hajj pilgrims were included in the waiting list (waiting list). This gives an idea of the potential of the financial management of the Hajj which, if done with the precautionary principle can be done to maximize the value of money. So far, the fund management Hajj performed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The Hajj funds are placed in bank deposits, which is only Rp 2 billion guaranteed by the Deposit Insurance Agency (LPS). When compared with the accumulated fund-Haj per individual and the number of pilgrims, the rate of Rp 2 billion would be very small. And would be very unfortunate if the number of funds that settles fairly large haj without playing in the productive sector.

The Response From Pesantren Recognition in The Configuration of The National Education System

The journey of pesantren to become an educational institution recognized by, and being part of, the configuration of national education is long and winding. This study aimed to analyze the impact of pesantren recognition and response for it. The method in this study used qualitative methods with a historical approach. Data collected through document analysis and analyzed by content analysis. Regarding the research results are, first, the impact of policies that emerged from soekarno's time to Joko Widodo's time, they are; The pesantren diploma was not recognized by the Indonesian government after independence until the issuance of the pesantren law. Pesantren need to establish a new general institution in order to gain the legitimacy of the diploma. Second, Pesantren responds to national education policies in two forms. First, by establishing public institutions according to the national education framework under the Ministry of Religious Affairs or the Ministry of Education (formal). Second, incorporate the general curriculum into the pesantren curriculum periodically and evaluate the curriculum to always be in accordance with the needs and challenges of education (mu’adalah). Finally, the government's policy of issuing the pesantren law has very significant implications for financial assistance.

SYAR’I AND ASTRONOMY INTEGRATION TO DETERMINE THE BEGINNING OF HIJRI CALENDAR: A Study of Elongation to Prove the Hilâl Testimony

This article was motivated by the fact that most observers in Indonesia are inconsistent in determining the theoretical and practical beginning of the Hijri month. They only consider the aspect of the height of hilâl, but ignore the angle of elongation during the process of observing hilâl. This inconsistency occurs in the theory and practice reflected in the Decision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on this case, the authors want to analyze the decision, especially the data on the testimony stating that the new moon (hilâl) can be successfully seen, as received from 1962 - 2021 M. The type of research used is qualitative and descriptive using the data analysis technique adapted from the Millis and Huberman theory to obtain the data classification of that decision by using the scientific cum doctrine approach. The results of this study are first; the number of ithbât maṣlaḥî reached 45% and ithbât takâmulî reached 55% of all decrees of the Minister of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Second; to minimize the number of ithbât maṣlaḥî, a theory of the selection of the hilâl testimony is needed, which is known as the M2P theory.

Membumikan Moderasi Beragama “Ikhtiar dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Cinta Damai”

In early 2019, the Ministry of Religious Affairs through the National Working Meeting at the Sherton Hotel Jakarta issued three main taglines, namely religious moderation, community togetherness and data integration. One of the three taglines, namely religious moderation, is then systematically a leading program that frames all kinds of religious policies, which are based on the ideas and attitudes of washatiyatul Islam. Religious moderation is very important in religious and state life. For the Indonesian people, religion means we are Indonesian, and being Indonesian means we are religious. Religious moderation is a means for the realization of harmony, harmony, peace, and benefit in achieving common ideals towards a just Indonesia in prosperity. In line with the national ideals stated in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

Critical Discourse Analysis on Linguistic Ideology of The Netizens Comments

This study aims to analyze linguistics ideology. The data were collected from the netizens' comment columns on KompasTv YouTube Channel. They were about the response to the Minister of Religious Affairs' speech entitled Minister of Religion Yaqut Cholil's Words About the Regulation of Mosque Loudspeakers Maximum 100 Decibels. The researchers applied a descriptive qualitative approach. Which has the purpose of finding out the two dimensions of Van Dijk's theory, namely Macrostructure and Microstructure. The result of a research analysis was that in Macrostructure, there were Disagreement, Agreement, Advice, Tolerance from Non-Muslims, and Bad Wishes, whereas, in Microstructure, it was found Schematic, Syntactic, and Rhetoric

Islam and Christian Perspective Toward Global Religious Education in Indonesia

Globalization challenges Muslims and Christians in developing religious education in Indonesia. The problem of globalization has attacked the spiritual values of education. The output of religious teachings has recently shifted from the primary goal, namely the goal of education, because the education system is religiously oriented. Intolerance, corruption, human rights violations and all forms of moral decay that the Indonesian nation faces are manifestations of the minimal results of the cultivation of religious education in Indonesia. To fill this gap, this study tries to analyze and solve the problem of religious education from both an Islamic and a Christian perspective. The research used in this article is a discourse analysis method by comparing Islamic religious education and Christian religious education in Indonesia. Cooperation between the government and religious education is needed to develop religious education in Indonesia's global era. It requires integration between religious values and the positive values of globalization. Inter-religious and inter-religious dialogue must be included as part of religious education. Religious and educational institutions must be separated from commercialization, and cooperation between Christian and Islamic institutions. The Ministry of religious affairs as the higher authority in religious education, have to build mutual cooperation between the Islamic institution of religious education and the Christian Institution of religious education to support dialogue and sharing in term of harmonization.

Analysis Of The Filter Bubble Algorithm In The Search For Information On The Internet

This study is a descriptive study of the role of Filter Bable in the realization of religious moderation. This study aims to examine the role that Filterbuble plays in inhibiting human understanding related to the concept of religious moderation advocated by the government through the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This study uses a content approach, that is, an in-depth discussion of the content of written or printed information in various sources that address the issue of religious moderation in the mass media or social media. In the course of this analytical activity, the author conducts activities to examine the tools, techniques, or procedures used to describe or characterize data sets or observations made. These activities include collecting data, grouping data, determining values, analyzing, and drawing conclusions. The effect of a filter bubble in the context of the information society in the age of cyber-religion has the potential to be an obstacle to the realization of religious moderation. This is because a comprehensive understanding of religion is required to realize religious moderation. At the same time, the filter bubble effect can prevent Internet users from the flow of intact information by isolating users in a "bubble" of information personalization.

PERAN PENGAWAS DALAM MENDUKUNG PROGRAM PEMBIASAAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR

The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of practice or habituation, in addition to invoke students to live Islamic way. Habituation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in elementary schools is an actualization of student character building since an early age. In addition to teachers, supervisors also have a strategic role for improving the quality of PAI through habituation programs, because they can coordinate directly with two relevant agencies: The Ministry of Religious Affairs and The Education and Cultural Office. The methods used in this study are participatory observation, interviews, and literature review to support the main data. The results show that the role of PAI Supervisors in habituation is to motivate, to facilitate, as well as to be a partner for finding solutions towards the obstacles faced by Islamic Religious Education teachers in schools. It can be concluded that the supervisor as a Quality Assurance of Islamic Religious Education in elementary schools must support teachers to be able to manage the habituation proportionally, to encourage stakeholders, to integrate it with all school elements, and to complement the facilities as well as infrastructures which are still unevenly maintained by the elementary schools.