Ministry Of Environment Research Articles

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of NO2 and CO Production with Sentinel 5P Tropomy Time Series Images: The Case of Torbalı and Kemalpaşa Districts of Izmir Province in Türkiye

Air pollution is an environmental problem that seriously impacts human health and ecosystems and is associated with anthropogenic sources such as industry, traffic, and fossil fuel use. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) are the main air pollutants that cause respiratory diseases and contribute to climate change. This study combines Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite data with local air quality monitoring data provided by the National Air Quality Monitoring Network (UHKIA) of the Turkish Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of NO₂ and CO emissions in the Kemalpaşa and Torbalı districts of Izmir, Türkiye. For the 17 months between January 2022 and July 2023, analysis using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform revealed that emission concentrations increase in winter months due to industrial activities and domestic heating and decrease in summer months due to reduced traffic density and meteorological conditions. It was observed that CO emissions spread over a wider area, while NO₂ emissions are concentrated in industrial and traffic-oriented regions. Accuracy analyses between satellite and UHKIA data showed a general agreement, but small deviations were recorded due to atmospheric effects and resolution differences. These analyses emphasized the importance of the integrated use of satellite and ground data in air pollution monitoring. The results provide a valuable scientific basis for local governments and policymakers for air quality management and strategic decision-making, especially in the Kemalpaşa and Torbalı districts.

Gender Distribution of Leadership Positions in Global Environmental Politics

Abstract Many institutions have called for increasing the number of women in leadership positions in global environmental politics (GEP). Little information exists, however, regarding gender distributions in such positions. This brief report begins filling in elements of our collective data gap. Men currently lead 80 percent of the fifteen global intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that are particularly important to GEP and have held 90 percent of these positions in the past. Men currently lead 70 percent of national environmental ministries and have held approximately 78 percent of those positions. Equal numbers of men and women currently lead the twenty most prominent environmental treaty secretariats, although men have held more than 70 percent of these positions in the past. During the twenty-first century, men received 69 percent of the appointments to lead the IGOs and treaty secretariats most important to GEP. These numbers raise a series of research, ethical, and political questions.

Biodiversity Policy Integration at the sub-national level: Insights from the German Länder in the context of sub-national biodiversity strategies and action plans

ABSTRACT The uptake of biodiversity along different political levels and into sector policies remains a major global challenge. Sub-national governments hold crucial institutional competencies for enabling this Biodiversity Policy Integration (BPI). However, these political levels are largely overlooked in international agreements and the BPI literature. Using the example of the German states (Länder), this study aims to widen the debate through a sub-national perspective. Therefore, 16 interviews with representatives of all German state environmental ministries have been conducted about the implementation of sub-national biodiversity strategies and action plans. The study identifies key barriers and levers to BPI from the perspective of these actors and relates them to underlying causes. State biodiversity policies appear to be trapped in institutional lock-ins, manifested in weak coordination and evaluation mechanisms. Policy change is inevitably linked to the integrative leadership of individual policy-makers or the external interference of public or European initiatives. To avoid merely symbolic policy-making, national and international processes should emphasize joint, cross-level coordination, as incoherencies at higher political levels can only be resolved to a limited extent at lower administrative levels.

Trends and Drivers of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in India: A Decadal Analysis (2010-2020)

This paper analyses trends and determinants of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in India in 2010-2020, the decade with some of the fastest economic growth rates and the increased awareness of environmental issues. The research pays attention to India, the world's third-largest emitter of GHG, which will be analysed regarding emissions in four sectors: energy, industry, agriculture, and waste management. A time series analysis of data drawn from national and international agencies, such as the World Bank and India's Ministry of Environment, Forestry, and Climate Change, was applied in this study. Statistical analysis and data visualisation were performed using the R software. The key findings show an increase of 42% in the total emissions of GHG over the last decade, with the energy sector dominating at 68% in 2020. Other significant contributors were industry (20%), agriculture (9%), and waste (3%). Growth in population, along with accompanying urbanisation and industrial expansion, is cited as the main factor responsible for emission rise. However, there are also indications of decoupling between growth in the economy and emissions intensity. The study analyzes the greenhouse gas emission trends for major emitters between 2010 and 2020, in India. The dynamic panel data model analyses indicate signs of decoupling of emissions from economic growth in developed economies and the role of renewable energy and carbon pricing. Research findings further indicate that stronger climate policy and investment in clean energy is the necessity to decrease global emissions.The paper identifies policy issues that require strong activity in enforcing efficiency measures, fastening the shift toward krenewable sources of energy, and effective sustainable planning and waste management practices in urbanisation processes. In that respect, examination of policies like the PAT scheme and promotion of electric vehicles has shown where more aggressive implementation may be seen as necessary to ensure India's climate commitments. This elaborate decadal review finds most of its utility within the framework of policy designing for sustainable development and climate change mitigation by policymakers and stakeholders in the Indian scenario.

Characteristics, Health Risks, and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soil in Shanxian County

Soil heavy metal （HM） pollution is a prominent global environmental problem. Understanding the risk characteristics and quantitative analysis of potential sources of soil HM pollution is of great significance for accurate prevention and control, scientific management, and safe utilization of soil resources. In the surface soil of Shanxian County, the contents of eight HMs, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were collected and identified in 330 surface soil samples. The HM pollution degree was evaluated using the accumulation index and enrichment index. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of HMs were evaluated using the health risk model designated by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The sources of HMs in topsoil were analyzed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression （APCS-MLR）, and other qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that all eight HM elements in the surface soil samples were lower than the background values and the screening values of agricultural land soil pollution risk in Heze City. According to Igeo and EF evaluation, only approximately 5% of Hg samples were slightly polluted, and the other seven HMs were non-polluted or slightly polluted. The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of As for adults and children in surface soil were at tolerable levels, and the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of the other seven HMs for adults and children could be ignored. The main sources of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and As in the surface soil were natural background sources； the main sources of Cr and Hg were agricultural breeding sources and industrial coal sources, respectively； and the main pollution sources of Pb included other unknown sources and natural background sources. The average contribution rates of natural background sources, agricultural breeding sources, industrial coal sources, and other unknown sources were 51.69%, 27.18%, 6.83%, and 14.31%, respectively, indicating that the main sources of heavy metals in the surface soil of Shanxian County were natural background sources, followed by agricultural breeding sources.

Evaluation of hazardous and toxic wastes management by a pharmaceutical company in Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract This research evaluates management of hazardous and toxic waste (HTW) by Company X, a pharmaceutical company in Bandung, Indonesia. An assessment system was used to measure and evaluate the waste management practices of relevant institutions. The research methodology integrates a checklist approach with a scoring method based on the Guttman Scale, focusing on three criteria: waste packaging, waste storage, and waste transportation. The assessment revealed, the company was responsible for packaging, storing, and transporting waste, while processing was outsourced to a third party. According to the evaluations, the overall waste management received an excellent rating in compliance with Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 6 of 2021. Specifically, waste packaging achieved a compliance score of 83.3%, waste storage 94.4%, and waste transportation 100%. The overall average compliance score is 93%, indicating that the institution is highly effective in managing HTW.

Government Policy: The Conversion of Protected Forest into Production Forest

Land disputes involving protected forests and conservation areas have consistently emerged as issues stemming from land utilization by local communities. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry plays a fundamental role in addressing these conflicts by altering the status of protected forests into production forests. Accordingly, the study aims to analyze the regulatory framework governing the conversion and to evaluate the effectiveness of the authority, local governments and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in facilitating the status change. The research employs a descriptive normative legal approach, drawing on empirical data from surveys, interviews with pertinent parties, and field observations in Majalengka Regency, particularly in Nunuk Village (currently Nunuk Baru Village). The research reveals that regulations and the effectiveness of both local government and ministry policies govern the transformation and use of protected forests into production forests. Government Regulation No. 104 of 2015; the Procedures for Changing Forest Area Designation and Function, is a binding regulation that directly addresses the issues. As a result, the residents of Nunuk Village had no grounds to oppose the change. The effective implementation led to the resolution of the land dispute in Nunuk Baru Village, Maja District, Majalengka Regency, between the local community and Perhutani. The residents' struggle to assert their land rights was ultimately victorious, as the Majalengka local government collaborated with the central government to expedite the resolution of the critical issue. In conclusion, the government must prioritize designating production land that can be effectively and sustainably managed by local communities

Distribution Status of Ecosystem-disturbing Species in Protected Wetland Areas

This study aims to provide foundational data for the systematic conservation and management of protected wetland areas by identifying the distribution status of ecosystem-disturbing species. The study utilized the results of the intensive survey on the protected wetland areas from 2006 to 2023. These surveys, conducted under the Wetland Conservation Act, aimed to provide baseline data for the designation, basic planning, and conservation planning of wetlands. During the study period, we surveyed to 25 protected wetland areas designated by the Ministry of Environment. Twenty-five wetlands were categorized into 13 mountain wetlands, one artificial wetland, eight riverine wetlands, and three lacus wetlands. Ecosystem-disturbing species were found in 23 of the 25 surveyed areas, with the exception of the remote mountainous wetlands of Jangdo wetland and Sumeunmulbaengdui. In mountain wetlands, 13 species were the least, and in riverine wetlands, 21 species were the most identified among the four wetland types. The wetlands with the most ecosystem-disturbing species were identified as Nakdong river estuary, Damyang riverine wetland, and Hwapocheon wetland, with 14 species identified, and only one species was identified as Moojechineup, 1100 altitude wetland, and Mulyeongari-oreum. Two species that appeared more in mountain wetlands than in riverine wetlands is <i>Hypochaeris radicata</i> and <i>Rumex acetosella</i>, and <i>Rumex acetosella</i> was identified in six mountain wetlands and four riverine wetlands. <i>Hypochaeris radicata</i> were identified in three mountain wetlands and one riverine wetland. Except for the species are distributed regionally, it was confirmed that many ecosystem-disturbing species appeared in riverine wetlands that were relatively accessible to humans. This study analyzed the distribution status of ecosystem-disturbing species in protected wetland areas in Korea by wetland type, and the results are expected to be useful for future protected wetland areas management and conservation measures.

Research on Area Change of Coastal Sand Dunes Based on the Dune Boundary Data in South Korea

Coastal sand dunes in South Korea were listed 133 first in 2001 by the Ministry of Environment, and from 2007 to 2009, the National Institute of Environmental Research listed 199. Listed from the prior research, we delimitated 207 coastal sand dune boundaries. Past and present coastal dune boundaries were presumed by aerial photos took in 2014 and during the 1940s to 1960s at the National Geographic Information Institute. Then, we modified the boundary of coastal sand dunes by conducting a field survey. We categorized 189 listed up and 19 history management coastal sand dunes based on the characteristics of coastal sand dunes. Coastal sand dunes in South Korea were located in each district: 58 in Jellanam-do, 42 in Chungcheongnam-do, 30 in Gangwon-do, 14 in Jeju, 12 in Gyeongsangbuk-do, seven in Jeonbuk-do, and two coastal sand dunes in Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. The change in the area of coastal sand dunes between the past and present 36.5% of coastal sand dunes were decreased because of agricultural and commercial use. Coastal sand dunes could be changed by high-pressure development. Our data were valuable for temporal and spatial usage and change of coastal sand dunes.

Discussing the Development in the Real Estate Sector in the Framework of University-City Interaction

Universities exert a considerable influence on urban economies through the direct and indirect consumption they generate within the city. The former is attributable to the expenditure of students and staff, while the latter is a consequence of the demands they create for accommodation, transport, trade, and services. One of the most fundamental areas where these effects can be monitored is the housing and accommodation shaped by the demands of students and staff. Following the establishment of Kırklareli University in 2007, a notable increase in human mobility has been observed in the city center of Kırklareli, accompanied by significant changes in the spatial order. The principal objective of this study is to examine the housing-based spatial transformation and tendency in the city center of Kırklareli in terms of the defined periods following the establishment of the university. In this context, housing sale data and its distribution were analyzed in a spatial/structural dimension using the "Land Registry Transaction Statistics" and "Parcel Query-Analysis-Independent Section Sales Density Distribution database," which were published by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change-General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadaster. The increase and tendency were evaluated. A statistical query and correlation analysis were conducted on the data, with a particular focus on establishing a comparison between the change in population and the number of students, as well as academic and administrative staff. The resulting data were then subjected to a process of interpretation. In addition, current master plans were evaluated, and suggestions were developed for the factors that should be considered in urban planning. The study revealed that, regardless of the current population development, student-oriented dynamics directly affect the real estate sector in terms of housing sales, mobility, and spatial transformation due to the growth of the urban population and the increase in demand.

Protection of customary land rights: Meta-Analysis and Regulatory Impact Assessment in Indonesia's New Capital

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of existing protection measures in safeguarding indigenous land rights in Sepaku and Samboja, East Kalimantan, within the context of the capital city of Indonesia. This study employs a comprehensive methodology, including a literature review, legal analysis, and field investigations. It examines the legal framework, institutional coordination, and impact of land use policies on indigenous communities. The data were collected via interviews and document analysis. This study reveals a pressing need to strengthen regulatory design and law enforcement to protect indigenous land tenure rights. This text highlights the challenges faced by indigenous peoples due to deforestation, land disputes, and the transformation of land for urban development. The research underscores the necessity of improved cross-sectoral authority and coordination within the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This study provides valuable insights into the complex issues surrounding land tenure rights and indigenous communities in the context of the capital city of Nusantara. The text contributes to the ongoing discourse on environmental protection, indigenous rights, and the sustainability of land use policies in Indonesia. The findings provide practical recommendations for enhancing legal protection and mitigating deforestation in high-demand land areas, ultimately benefiting both the environment and local communities.

Seasonal Variations and Sexual Differences in Home Range Sizes and Activity Patterns of Endangered Long-Tailed Gorals in South Korea.

The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) faces significant threats from habitat loss and fragmentation and is classified as a Class I endangered species by the Ministry of Environment in South Korea and vulnerable by the IUCN. Understanding the behavioral ecology of this species is crucial for effective conservation and protective measures. Using GPS collars, this study investigated the home range sizes and activity patterns of nine rehabilitated long-tailed gorals (four males and five females) across three regions (Yanggu, Seoraksan National Park, and Uljin) from 2014 to 2016. The 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home range averaged 0.64 ± 0.33 km2, while the 50% MCP home range averaged 0.15 ± 0.05 km2. The male home ranges were larger than the female home ranges. Additionally, the home ranges varied seasonally, with the smallest recorded in winter. The activity pattern of long-tailed gorals was predominantly crepuscular and diurnal, with no significant sexual differences. There were no significant differences in activity during spring, summer, and autumn; however, activity in winter differed significantly from that in the other seasons. The data provided on the home ranges and activity patterns of the species will serve as a basis for developing effective conservation and management strategies to protect this endangered species. By elucidating the spatial and temporal behaviors of long-tailed gorals, this study enhances our understanding of the ecological needs of the species and helps develop precise conservation measures.

Legal Analysis of Tengkawang Seed Exports in the Context of Natural Resource Conservation

The conflict between the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry (LHK) No. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018 and the Regulation of the Minister of Trade (Permendag) No. 44 of 2012 has created significant legal uncertainty regarding the protection and trade of tengkawang seeds in Indonesia. The LHK Regulation does not include tengkawang seeds as a protected plant species, while the Permendag prohibits the export of tengkawang seeds. This study aims to analyze the normative conflict related to the regulations governing the export of tengkawang seeds and its implications for environmental conservation and the economy in Pontianak City. The research methodology used is normative analysis with a statutory approach. Legal materials were obtained through document studies of laws and regulations and literature reviews.The research results show that this regulatory conflict hinders the export of tengkawang seeds, harms business actors, and potentially increases illegal trade activities. Furthermore, this inconsistency also causes confusion among law enforcement officials and the general public regarding the protection status of tengkawang seeds. This study recommends harmonizing regulations between the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Trade to ensure effective protection of tengkawang seeds while supporting economic growth through legal and regulated trade. Additionally, in accordance with the legal principle lex posterior derogat legi priori, the newer law should prevail. Moreover, as per the LHK regulation, tengkawang seeds are not classified as protected plant varieties, which legally allows them to be exported.

Smart ASN Character Building of Forest Ecosystem Control Functional Officials Through Functional Training Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Forest ecosystem control functional officials (PF PEH) are required to have an ASN character that can adapt to the times and be able to serve the community around the forest well. This study aims to shape the character of Smart ASN PF PEH First Expert in functional training. The study was conducted qualitatively with a literature study by analyzing training subjects that have Smart ASN values. The formation of Smart ASN character in task insight training subjects are the values of nationalism, friendliness, integrity, networking and entrepreneurship. The training course on the implementation of forest ecosystem control contains the values of global insight and IT mastery, whereas forest ecosystem control development training subjects contain the values of IT mastery. Mastery of foreign language values in Smart ASN is shown in the requirements for participants with undergraduate or diploma IV qualifications. Furthermore, these functional officials are also expected to continue improving soft skills to support hard skills in these aspects of Smart ASN.

Determination of noise levels and effects in noise sensitive areas case study: Sakarya province Serdivan district of Turkey.

Noise pollution has become an important type of environmental pollution, especially in populated areas, due to changes in transportation preferences and industry development. The World Health Organization reports that noise, along with air and water pollution, poses one of the most dangerous pollution threats in big cities. In this study, noise pollution measurements were carried in two different regions of a major city, focusing on sensitive points such as hospitals and schools. Surveys were administered to local residents in these areas to assess levels of annoyance due to traffic noise and awareness of noise pollution. The results show that the measured noise levels exceed the 55dB(A) limit set by the Turkish Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change, as well as WHO noise guideline values. According to the survey findings, it was determined that a majority of respondents in both regions demonstrated awareness of noise pollution. The study further revealed that while 19% of respondents reported high levels of annoyance due to traffic noise, they were more disturbed by industrial machinery and construction activities. Concerning the health effects of noise pollution, a greater number of participants in both regions reported experiencing headaches. Based on these findings, the study identifies sources of noise pollution beyond traffic noise that contribute to discomfort in sensitive areas, highlights the significant health impacts of noise pollution on individuals, and proposes potential solutions.

Multivariate analysis of inland water quality index in parts of Vapi district, Gujarat, India

ABSTRACT Water resource management substantially depends on water quality (WQ). Anthropogenic and geogenic pollutants in a water system are challenging to identify, transport, and properly dispose of, thus demanding frequent monitoring. This study focuses on the application of statistical approach to analyze the pattern and to monitor WQ parameters of a region. The paper presents the computation of water quality index (WQI) based on the various WQ parameters of the Daman Ganga River situated in Vapi, Gujarat, India. The 17 WQ parameters considered were pH, electrical conductivity, temperature (Temp), total dissolved solids, NO2 + NO3, total phosphorus (P-Tot), Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, CO3, HCO3, total hardness, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and calcium hardness (HAR_Ca). Quartile deviation was carried out as a preprocessing technique to identify the fair analysis of trend followed by other parameters. The application of principal component analysis followed by varimax rotation factor analysis was attempted to identify the contribution of significant parameters. Methods developed by the Council of Canadian Ministry of Environment (CCME) and British Columbia (BC) were applied to compute the WQI. WQI evaluated were 42.35 and 63.29 for CCME and BC, respectively, based on five significantly influencing parameters, namely, HAR_Ca, SAR, CO3, Temp, and P-Tot. This study signifies the hardness and salinity factors impacting the WQ and efficiently reduces subjectivity and bias to determine the WQI model.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN MODERN INDIA: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND IMPACT

Environmental policies in modern India have undergone significant transformation, reflecting the country's evolving socio-economic conditions, global environmental concerns, and its commitment to sustainable development. The journey of India's environmental policy can be traced back to its post-independence era, where economic growth was prioritized, often at the expense of environmental considerations. Early policy frameworks lacked a coherent environmental focus, with limited institutional mechanisms for protecting natural resources. However, in the 1970s, influenced by the global environmental movement and events like the 1972 Stockholm Conference, India began to formalize its environmental approach, marking the beginning of policy reforms aimed at balancing development with ecological preservation. Important milestones in India's environmental policy include the establishment of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985, the promulgation of the Environment Protection Act (1986), and the National Forest Policy (1988), which aimed to curb deforestation and promote sustainable land use. The 1990s and 2000s saw India increasingly engaging with international environmental frameworks, including the Rio Earth Summit (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997), and emphasizing the integration of environmental concerns into the developmental agenda. Despite these advancements, the impact of environmental policies in India remains mixed. While there has been notable success in areas such as wildlife conservation, pollution control, and biodiversity preservation, challenges like deforestation, water scarcity, and industrial pollution persist. The growing pressures of industrialization, urbanization, and climate change present ongoing challenges in policy implementation. Additionally, the tension between economic development and environmental sustainability continues to be a contentious issue. This paper examines the historical evolution of environmental policies in India, assesses their impact on ecological conservation, and explores the ongoing challenges and future directions for achieving a balance between growth and sustainability. KEYWORDS: Environmental Policies, India, Historical Context, Sustainable Development, Deforestation, Industrialization, Climate Change, Wildlife Conservation, Economic Growth, Environmental Governance.

Impact of Board Size, Media Exposure & Green Investment on Post- COVID-19 Carbon Emission Disclosure in Indonesia

This study examines carbon emission disclosure in Indonesian companies that publish annual reports and sustainability reports and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2021-2022. The research data consisted of 99 companies selected using purposive sampling. The independent variables are board size, media exposure, and green investment. Analysis using the SPSS program with results shows board size, media exposure, and green investment are significantly associated with carbon emission disclosure. This research is reinforced by the theory of legitimacy. Carbon emission disclosure is measured using a scoring checklist of 5 items developed by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). The board size measured by summing up the total council of commissioners per year in a company, the measurement of media exposure is seen from the number of publications about the company published in the media, and green investment is measured using the PROPER rating by the Ministry of Environment. The findings in this study are expected to be the material for companies trying to reduce carbon emissions as well as the company's policy-related improvement material.

Rapid Mapping: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Mobile-Based Remote Sensing for Flash Flood Consequence Monitoring (A Case Study of Tsarevo Municipality, South Bulgarian Black Sea Coast)

This research seeks to develop and test a rapid mapping approach using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and terrestrial laser scanning to provide precise, high-resolution spatial data for urban areas right after disasters. This mapping aims to support efforts to protect the population and infrastructure while analyzing the situation in affected areas. It focuses on flood-prone regions lacking modern hydrological data and where regular monitoring is absent. This study was conducted in resort villages and adjacent catchments in Bulgaria’s southern Black Sea coast with leading maritime tourism features, after a flash flood on 5 September 2023 caused human casualties and severe material damage. The resulting field data with a spatial resolution of 3 to 5 cm/px were used to trace the effects of the flood on topographic surface changes and structural disturbances. Flood simulation using UAV data and a digital elevation model was performed. The appropriateness of contemporary land use forms and infrastructure location in catchments is discussed. The role of spatial data in the analysis of genetic factors in risk assessment is commented on. The results confirm the applicability of rapid mapping in informing the activities of responders in a period of increased vulnerability following a flood. The results were used by Bulgaria’s Ministry of Environment and Water to analyze the situation shortly after the disaster.

Adapter Le Systeme Alimentaire Rd Congolais Au Changement Climatique

Purpose: This research on "Adapting the DR Congolese food system to climate change" aims to make available scientific data likely to curb the divide between potential wealth and food security on the one hand and to realize the state of research on the subject on the other hand. Methodology: We carried out documentary research using the digital network for data collection. We consulted articles published in international journals, activity reports of specialized structures (UN, OECD). Certain programs and documents developed by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of the DRC. At the end of the compilation, we proceeded to the objective analysis of the capacities of the DRC to want to overcome climate hazards. Finding: At the end of our investigations, we estimate that efforts to adapt to climate change in the DRC are at the embryonic and fragmentary stage. There is no inclusive, coherent and binding policy for adaptation to climate change. We insist on the fact that "Adapting the DR Congolese food system to climate change" must be considered as a four-link cycle including: Implementation of the general principles of combating and/or mitigating GHG emissions, Research and development with substantial investment, Transformation of GHGs, waste, etc, Finally, the fourth link that completes the cycle; it is the range of solutions in terms of reactions, responses, advice, awareness of the entire national community. Recommendation: To adapt the Congolese food system to climate change; it will require a synergy of activities spread across the four links forming the planning cycle