Minimum Purchase Price Research Articles

Spatial Correlation Evolution and Driving Factors of Wheat Production in China Based on Social Network Analysis

Understanding the spatial correlation network of inter-provincial wheat production is vital for ensuring food security and achieving sustainable agricultural development in China. However, the spatial correlation characteristics of wheat production and their determinants remain unclear. In this study, an improved gravity model was used to calculate the spatial correlation of inter-provincial wheat production in China based on available panel data from 2000 to 2020. The spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and the driving factors of the spatial correlation network of inter-provincial wheat production in China were analyzed using social network analysis (SNA) and a quadratic assignment procedure (QAP). The findings indicated that (1) the spatial correlation of inter-provincial wheat production first increased and then decreased. The network density increased from its lowest value (0.2598) in 2000 to its maximum value (0.2782) in 2016 and then continued to fluctuate. (2) The spatial correlation network of inter-provincial wheat production presented a “core-periphery” distribution pattern for the major wheat-producing areas (such as Jiangsu, Anhui, and Hubei) and non- major wheat-producing areas (such as Jilin, Qinghai, Guangxi, and Beijing), and the roles of the blocks in the network varied with time and space. (3) The implementation of grain-related policies (such as the abolition of agricultural taxes, the implementation of industry nurturing agriculture, and the minimum grain purchase price policy) positively affected the development of the spatial correlation network of wheat production. Since the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy for wheat in 2006, the network density reached its maximum value (0.2782), the network efficiency reached its minimum value (0.5985), and the stability of the network structure greatly improved. (4) The interactions between the internal natural conditions and the external socioeconomic factors promoted the construction of a spatial correlation network for wheat production. The differences in geographical adjacency, land resources, temperature, and sunlight hours were all significant at the 1% level, highlighting the substantial impact of these factors on the spatial correlation intensity of wheat production in China. This study provides a reference for the development of cooperative cross-regional wheat production and the formulation of distinct policies for the production of wheat and other grains.

Impact of the wheat minimum purchase price policy on chemical fertilizer application intensity: Based on the moderation effects of farmland property rights

Impact of the wheat minimum purchase price policy on chemical fertilizer application intensity: Based on the moderation effects of farmland property rights

Research on the Improvement of Food Support Policy Evaluation System under the Background of Food Security Strategy

Under the background of social transformation and upgrading, China has put forward higher requirements for the safety and efficiency of food production. Because the current grain production is faced with imperfect infrastructure, less investment in science and technology, high demand for talents, backward grain structure and other conditions, through the establishment of food security strategy, China has provided food support through direct subsidies, subsidies for superior varieties, minimum purchase price policies and other means, which has guaranteed farmers' grain cultivation and mapped out the way for the transformation of grain production.

Optimal Financing Decision in a Contract Food Supply Chain with Capital Constraint

To solve the financing problem of the food producers, we consider a two-echelon contract food supply chain composed of a family farm with capital constraints and a food processing enterprise. With no capital constraints as the benchmark model, we analyze optimal decisions of the family farm and the food processing enterprise in the case of bank financing with bank participation only and bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation. Then, we discuss how the risk of yield uncertainty influences the optimal decisions and profits of the family farm and the food processing enterprise under different financing situation. Meanwhile, the reason why the government subsidizes agriculture is explored, and the policy of minimum purchase price of the food is initiated when the market price is too low. Finally, the numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are presented. The results show that the bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation improves the welfare of supply chain members more obviously than the bank financing with bank participation only; when the rice price is too low, the policy of minimum purchase price of food is initiated, which increases the revenue and the growing enthusiasm of the family farm; the profits of the family farm and the food processing enterprise will decrease as the risk of yield uncertainty increases in the case of bank financing, and the risk of yield uncertainty will be reduced for the family farm when bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation.

Sustainability of the Adjustment Schemes in China’s Grain Price Support Policy—An Empirical Analysis Based on the Partial Equilibrium Model of Wheat

The minimum purchase price policy for wheat and rice implemented by the Chinese government has achieved the fundamental goals of stabilizing grain prices, promoting production, and ensuring food security. This policy has also had negative impacts such as domestic and foreign price spreads and continuous increases in stocks and imports, which are not conducive to China’s grain security development and thus unsustainable. Therefore, this paper builds a partial equilibrium model of China’s grain market by simulating the effects of canceling or reducing the minimum purchase price on the market price, production, consumption, stock, and net import of wheat and then evaluates the sustainability of various adjustment programs. The research results show that first, lowering the minimum purchase price of wheat can reduce the domestic and foreign price spread, stock, and imports to a certain extent; however, it cannot fundamentally solve the negative impact of this policy. Second, cancellation of the minimum wheat purchase price policy can significantly reduce domestic and foreign price spread, stock, and imports; however, it will also significantly reduce wheat production and threaten China’s grain security. Third, cancellation of the minimum wheat purchase price and the increase in agricultural production subsidies can solve the negative impact of the minimum purchase price policy and reduce the impact of the cancellation of the minimum purchase price policy on grain supply security. This policy adjustment is more sustainable than China’s current policy. Finally, this paper asserts that China’s grain price policy reform will influence and have implications for stakeholders in the global grain industry.

How Does the Control of Grain Purchase Price Affect the Sustainability of the National Grain Industry? One Empirical Study from China

As one of the most important grain protection policies in China, the minimum purchase price policy prevents the fluctuation of grain output and protects the interests of farmers by regulating the prices of major grain varieties. For developing countries with a shortage of agricultural resources, represented by China, an in-depth study on the implementation effect and public satisfaction of this policy is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the grain industry. Based on the interest demands of the government, farmers, grain enterprises and consumers, this paper constructs a policy satisfaction evaluation model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. The research shows that the implementation effect of this policy has promoted the sustainable development of China’s grain in four aspects: improving farmers’ enthusiasm for planting, optimizing the structure of supply and demand, reducing the adverse impact of disasters, and ensuring the steady increase of output. However, due to the differences in natural resources and folk customs, the implementation effect of this policy varies in different regions.

"4+7" city drug volume-based purchasing and using pilot program in China and its impact.

In order to deepen the health system reform and improve the mechanism for the formation of drug prices, in January 2019, the General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China issued the "National centralized drug purchasing and using pilot program", selected 11 cities in mainland China to carry out "4+7" city drug volume based purchasing pilot work. This paper introduces the specific implementation plan, organizational structure and drug selection process of China's "4+7" city drug volume-based purchasing pilot work, and expounds the initial effects, existing problems and policy development after the implementation of the policy. After the implementation of the policy, the prices of 25 selected drugs were significantly lower, compared with the minimum purchase price of the same drugs in 11 pilot cities in 2017, the average drop was 52%. After the pilot scope was extended to the nation, compared with the minimum purchase price of the Union in 2018, the proposed price of the 25 drugs have an average price drop of 59%, compared with the selected price of the "4+7" pilot cities, the average price drop was 25%, and the price of drugs dropped further. By the end of August 2019, the implementation progress of 25 selected drugs in the "4+7" city drug volume-based purchasing was better than expected, the burden of patients' drug expenses was reduced, and the pilot work was beginning to bear fruit. The long-term influence and effect of the "4+7" city drug volume-based purchasing and policy implementation after the expansion needs to be further observed.

Deterministic Analysis and Research on Reasonable Purchase Price Range Based on Multi - Objective Fuzzy Optimization Model

Reasonable purchase price has multiple objectives, it is necessary to take into account the increase in food and industry income, but also take into account the development of the entire grain industry, and even to consider improving production efficiency. This paper chooses the minimum purchase price of wheat, the market purchase price, the output and the grain income and the production efficiency as variables, and takes the lower limit of the grain and farmers’ income, the upper limit of the market price and the minimum purchase price, the supply and demand relationship, the inventory restriction, the financial support ability And the scope of international food price as constraints, establishing multi-objective fuzzy optimization model to explore the government’s optimal minimum purchase price decision-making mechanism. Through analysis, it was found that the minimum purchase price developed by the state did not increase the area of grain cultivation, but it effectively inhibited the reduction of grain planting area. Finally, we use this model to predict the minimum purchase price for food for 2017, with a reasonable range of: (115.52, 121.54).

Farm size, inefficiency, and rice production cost in China

The relationship between farm size and production cost, especially inefficiency cost, has been a hotly debated topic for decades, but no general conclusion has been reached. This subject has particularly important implications for agricultural policies in China, which is in the course of rapid structural change. We decompose the production cost into frontier cost, technical inefficiency cost and allocative inefficiency cost with a primal system approach, and we demonstrate that technical inefficiency cost increases but allocative inefficiency cost decreases as farm size increases. In addition, large-scale farms gain the overall cost advantage due to their lower allocative inefficiency cost. We also find that a minimum purchase price higher than all farm costs impedes the enhancement of scale and masks the competitiveness of China. Moreover, the determinants of inefficiency costs imply that region-specific market imperfection holds a considerable explanatory power for the allocative inefficiency costs.

The Influence Degree of Minimum Purchase Price Policy on Grain Production Efficiency

China has made a major controversy since the beginning of the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy in the main grain producing areas in China in 2005. In order to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy, this paper chooses the population of agricultural industry, agricultural production capacity, the lowest purchase price and the fertilizer input, these four indicators as the input and the planting area, the per capita income of farmers and grain yield per mu, these three indexes as the output to establish the data envelopment analysis based on the Manquist index evaluation model, and the model operation and analysis are carried out in Anhui, Hubei and Jiangsu province.

Biznes cukrowniczy w Unii Europejskiej po zniesieniu kwot produkcyjnych – przypadek Polski

Produkcja cukru jest ważną częścią nie tylko polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczego, ale także całej UE. Funkcjonujące w tej branży przedsiębiorstwa mają własne mikroekonomiczne cele, a także przyczyniają się do rozwoju gospodarek, w których są zlokalizowane. Wyniki przez nie osiągane w dużym stopniu zależą od uwarunkowań ekonomicznych, ale także regulacyjnych. 1 października 2017 r. została przeprowadzona bardzo istotna zmiana regulacyjna, a mianowicie reforma regulacji rynku cukru, której głównym elementem jest zniesienie kwot produkcyjnych cukru oraz minimalnej ceny skupu buraków cukrowych. Stąd autor niniejszego artykułu, biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że zniesione regulacje funkcjonowały w ramach wspólnej polityki rolnej prawie 50 lat, stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie o konsekwencje tych zmian dla biznesu cukrowniczego w UE. Bez wątpienia nowa rzeczywistość, w jakiej znaleźli się unijni oraz polscy producenci cukru, a także plantatorzy buraka cukrowego, będzie dla nich wymagająca i będzie oznaczała dużą dynamikę zjawisk rynkowych. Zwiększy się podatność rynku unijnego na światowe szoki popytowo-podażowe. Wydaje się, że główny obszar, w którym będziemy mieli do czynienia z konsekwencjami deregulacji, to zwiększanie zmienności poziomu cen cukru. W konsekwencji prowadzenie biznesu w tej branży będzie bardziej nieprzewidywalne.

Insurance Plus Futures: Agricultural Commodity Price Reform in China

AbstractChina's agricultural support policies are moving towards market institutions through a quasi‐market transition. Ten years of direct minimum purchase price procurement on agricultural commodities resulted in overcapacity, oversupply, mixed‐market signals and grey‐market imports. The Insurance Plus Futures (保险 + 期货) policy pilot in agricultural price reform is a leading indicator of reform in China's agricultural production and rural finance architecture. State procurement of staple crops is now ending, and an interim governance structure is in place for the transition to market prices. This article assesses the historical institutional development of three key economic institutions in Chinese agricultural production: agricultural prices, insurance and futures. It examines government plans to move from a centrally procured to a provincially variable agricultural production model, examines the provincial sectoral target‐price mechanisms constructed in 2016–2018 as interim price‐setting mechanisms, looks at the emergence of government mandated agricultural insurance as a measure to cover the subsidy previously served by the minimum purchase price system and assesses the prospects for institutional development of futures contracts, commodities exchanges and price formation institutions in China.

粮食最低收购价的预测

粮食最低收购价的预测

Research on the Correlation Between Grain Market Purchase Price and Minimum Purchase Price Based on HP Filter

This paper aims to research the floor price of governmental purchasing of foodstuff and the market purchasing price in our country from the year 1990 to 2014. By using HP filter method, consistency analysis, and timing analysis, the paper discusses the relationship between the minimum purchase price and the market price. It turns out that the lowest purchase price and the market price exist periodic and they grow at the same increasing trend; as well, the minimum purchase price is in long-term equilibrium with the market price.

A Study on the Policy of Minimum Purchase Price for Paddy

Since 2005, the government began to implement the minimum grain purchase price of the main producing areas, and to raise the minimum purchase price for many years, it is clear that the minimum grain purchase price policy has become the one of the most important initiatives of country's grain production protection .In this paper, we selected the data of policy area and non-policy area from 2001 to 2014, and used C-D production function and multiple linear regression model to study the effect of this policy on paddy yield and paddy planting area. It is found that this policy has the effect of increasing and stabilizing paddy production. In the case that per capita income and cultivated land area all have a negative correlation with planted area, the policy has a significant positive correlation with Planted area.

A Study on the Policy of Minimum Purchase Price for Paddy

A Study on the Policy of Minimum Purchase Price for Paddy

小麦最低收购价的定价模型分析

民以食为天，粮食作为人类生存与发展的必需品，具有不可替代的特性。目前我国人多、地少、水缺等问题日益凸显，使得粮食产业面临着潜在的风险。在市场经济条件下，政府对粮食价格的宏观调控显得尤为重要。我国自2005年起对粮食主产区实行最低收购价政策，该政策有效保护了粮农利益、调动了粮农生产积极性、保证了粮食安全。本文通过VAR模型构建小麦最低收购价的定价模型，结合实际数据给出“十二五”期间小麦最低收购价的预测值，结果略高于国家发改委公布的小麦最低收购价格，而与市场收购价更接近，运用定价模型预测出的2017年小麦最低收购价的合理范围为每50公斤125.07元至136.01元。2018年小麦最低收购价的合理范围的预测结果为每50公斤126.38元至139.77元。 Hunger breeds discontentment; as a necessity for human survival and development, foodstuff has irreplaceable characteristics. At present, more and more people, less land, water shortages and other issues are increasingly prominent, so the food industry is facing potential risks. Under the conditions of market economy, the government’s macro-control of grain prices is particularly important. Since 2005, China has implemented the minimum purchase price policy for major grain producing areas, which effectively protects the interests of farmers, mobilizes the enthusiasm of farmers and ensures food security. This paper constructs the pricing model of the minimum purchase price of wheat by VAR model, combines with the actual data and gives the predicted value of wheat minimum purchase price during 12th Five-Year; the results are slightly higher than the lowest purchase price of wheat announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, but closer to the market price. Pricing model is used to predict the minimum purchase price of wheat. In 2017, the price ranges from 125.07 to 136.01 yuan per 50 kg, while in 2018, the predicted price ranges from 126.38 to 139.77 yuan per 50 kg.

Responses of rice yields in different rice-cropping systems to climate variables in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China

The Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLYRB) together constitute the most intensive rice-farming region of China and is one of the most important rice production regions in the world. Under the double rice-cropping and single rice-cropping systems in MLYRB, there are three rice crops: early rice, late rice and single rice. This study examined the relationship between climate variables and rice yields of the different rice-cropping systems and evaluated quantitatively the effects on yields of the three rice crops and their economic consequences. It also evaluated the contribution of technological factors in mitigating the adverse effect of climate change by building a yield model based on a gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm. The findings indicated that climate variation had the most important effect on yield of early rice among the three rice crops. No significant positive effect of abundant precipitation on yield was detected, but there was a significant negative effect on yield of early rice because the increased number of rainy days reduced solar radiation and the temperature required for optimal rice growth. The yield model showed that increase of the minimum rice purchase price provided an economic incentive to farmers to increase investment in inputs and therefore improve yields but the ability of farmers to use adaptive strategies to mitigate adverse effects of climate change has decreased.

Social disadvantage and exposure to lower priced alcohol in off-premise outlets.

Greater concentrations of off-premise alcohol outlets are found in areas of social disadvantage, exposing disadvantaged populations to excess risk for problems such as assault, child abuse and intimate partner violence. This study examines whether the outlets to which they are exposed also sell cheaper alcohol, potentially further contributing to income-related health disparities. We conducted unobtrusive observations in 295 off-premise outlets in Melbourne, Australia, randomly selected using a spatial sample frame. In semi-logged linear regression models, we related the minimum purchase price for a 750 mL bottle of wine to a national index of socioeconomic advantage for the census areas in which the outlets were located. Other independent variables characterised outlet features (e.g. volume, chain management) and conditions of the local alcohol market (adjacent outlet characteristics, neighbourhood characteristics). A one decile increase in socioeconomic advantage was related to a 1.3% increase in logged price. Larger outlets, chains, outlets adjacent to chains, outlets in greater proximity to the nearest neighbouring outlet and those located in areas with more students also had cheaper alcohol. Not only are disadvantaged populations exposed to more outlets, the outlets to which they are exposed sell cheaper alcohol. This finding appears to be consistent with the spatial dynamics of typical retail markets.

DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN STATES

The last decade has witnessed a strong growth in foreign investments in residential properties (FIRP) in Malaysia. However, FIRP is not equally distributed among Malaysian states. Hence, this warrants an investigation into why some states have larger FIRP than others. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pattern and determinants of FIRP in Malaysian states. FIRP in Malaysia has been agglomerated in the major and industrialized states (such as Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Pulau Pinang and Johor). Using a panel of 14 Malaysian states over a period of 7 years (2004–2010) and applying the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, the statistical results show that tourism agglomeration (learning about the host location), well-being of the local people, foreign investments in other sectors, religious diversity and minimum property purchase price are important determinants of FIRP.