Minimum Numbers Research Articles

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОБЛАСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ БАЗИСНОЙ ФУНКЦИИ ДВУХ АРГУМЕНТОВ ПРИ ПОСТРОЕНИИ Λ-ОРТОГОНАЛЬНОЙ БАЗИСНОЙ ФУНКЦИИ

The purpose of the research is to determine the area of setting the argument τ and its discretizationintervals when constructing an algorithm for adaptive nonlinearoptimal smoothing of multi-parameter data of trajectory measurements, which makes it possible tojointly implement the spatial and temporal redundancy of the data obtained. The research wascarried out by constructing a Λ-orthogonal basis function in order to obtain independent estimatesfor the coefficients of the smoothing polynomial. It is shown that it is advisable to solve the problemof determining the maximum likelihood estimate of the coefficient vector of the smoothingpolynomial by the method of successive approximations. When constructing a Λ-orthogonal basisfunction, the maximum likelihood estimate of the coefficient vector of the smoothing polynomial isachieved in 2-3 iterations. It follows from the research results presented in the paper that the accuracyindex Qт as a function of two arguments ( is the smallest value of the argument and Δτ isthe discretization interval of the argument τ) in a wide range of values of these arguments changesslightly, but increases sharply at . In this case, the values of these arguments should notexceed, respectively, the maximum and minimum possible numbers that can be written without lossof accuracy in the re grid of the computer used. With a uniform discretization step of the argument τ it is advisable to choose the argument in the middle part of the interval¸where andrespectively, are the minimum and maximum numbers that can be written into the bit grid of acomputer without loss of accuracy. In case of adverse conditions Approaching the edges of theinterval can lead to an increase in calculation errors in determining the secondary parameters ofthe position of the aircraft due to the fact that the main matrix of the system of equations becomesill-conditioned.

Silent Speech Recognition with Strain Sensors and Deep Learning Analysis of Directional Facial Muscle Movement.

Silent communication based on biosignals from facial muscle requires accurate detection of its directional movement and thus optimally positioning minimum numbers of sensors for higher accuracy of speech recognition with a minimal person-to-person variation. So far, previous approaches based on electromyogram or pressure sensors are ineffective in detecting the directional movement of facial muscles. Therefore, in this study, high-performance strain sensors are used for separately detecting x- and y-axis strain. Directional strain distribution data of facial muscle is obtained by applying three-dimensional digital image correlation. Deep learning analysis is utilized for identifying optimal positions of directional strain sensors. The recognition system with four directional strain sensors conformably attached to the face shows silent vowel recognition with 85.24% accuracy and even 76.95% for completely nonobserved subjects. These results show that detection of the directional strain distribution at the optimal facial points will be the key enabling technology for highly accurate silent speech recognition.

The State of Research in Technical Universities: Evidence from four Ghanaian Technical Universities

This study sought to establish the state of research in Ghanaian Technical Universities (TUs) using a desktop research approach. The study was necessitated by the fact that little investigation if any, had been conducted into the research output of the TUs since they became universities in 2016. The secondary data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, mainly frequencies and averages Regardless of the differences between the TUs, the total number of publications per annum was 249, an average of 62.25 publications per TU. The minimum and maximum numbers of publications per TU were 20 publications and 107 publications, respectively, per annum. On the international stage, the study points to the need for an increase in the research output of the TUs. It is recommended that individual TUs should put in place specific strategies meant to increase research output. These strategies may include mentoring, partnerships and implementing the governments’ promotion criteria that requires research and publication.

Is the volume of Burch urethropexy sufficient for urogynecology fellows to meet the ACGME requirement?

Urogynecology fellows report low exposure to nonsling retropubic anti-incontinence procedures such as Burch urethropexy and thus may have difficulty meeting the required minimum case numbers, but there has been an even more objective exploration of this observation. Thus, our objective was to assess the feasibility of meeting the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirement for each urogynecology fellow to perform five nonsling retropubic anti-incontinence procedures during fellowship. Cross-sectional study using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) databases from 2009 to 2019. From NSQIP, the number of nonsling retropubic anti-incontinence procedures (open and laparoscopic Burch urethropexy and bladder neck needle suspension) and midurethral sling procedures was extracted using CPT codes. The number of fellows was extracted from the NRMP database. Trends in the number of anti-incontinence procedures were compared with the trend in the number of fellows using linear regression. From 2009 to 2019 the number of fellows doubled from 81 to 176. An average of 97 nonsling retropubic anti-incontinence and 6,372 sling procedures were performed annually. Linear regression showed an increase of 10.7 fellows per year (95% CI 9.3-12.1) versus an increase of 5.8 nonsling retropubic anti-incontinence procedures per year (95% CI -0.4 to 12.1). This contrasts with an increase of 690.9 slings per year (95% CI 509.9-872.0). The increase in the number of nonsling retropubic anti-incontinence procedures does not appear to match the increase in the number of urogynecology fellows. Supplementary educational approaches such as simulation may be prudent.

A novel optimization approach for biohydrogen production using algal biomass

The objective of this research was to employ a low-cost device to produce biohydrogen with several potential applications for clean energy. A multi-input and single-output (MISO) framework was formed during the production process containing three control factors namely time duration, sulfur content, and biomass concentration. The biohydrogen yield during the process was considered the response variable. Furthermore, the response surface approach was used to optimize factors impacting hydrogen generation (RSM). The MISO problem thus was solved using a Taguchi L9 approach to design the experiments with minimum numbers of experimental runs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to study the association among data groups. The desirability approach was employed to optimize the operating parameters for the maximum possible yield. Signal to noise ratio curve, ANOVA, and perturbation curve revealed the biomass content as the most important contributor to biohydrogen synthesis. The ideal conditions obtained with the desirability technique were 100 g/L biomass concentration, 95.28 h, and 0.9% sulfur content. The biohydrogen output was anticipated to be 77.84 mL/g VS (Volatile solids). A validation testing shows that the biohydrogen production was 74.32 mL/g VS, with a 4.52% error, which is fairly reasonable.

Three-dimensional effects induced by depth variation in a differentially heated cavity

This work investigates a natural convection flow occurring in a differentially heated cavity. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the cavity depth variation on heat transfers and flow dynamics. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted. The working fluid is air, the vertical aspect ratio (cavity height over width) is equal to 4, and the Rayleigh Number is equal to 108. The impact of the rear and front boundary conditions on the flow topology is highlighted. When the cavity depth increases, three-dimensional effects are encountered that enhance local heat transfer at the isothermal walls. In particular, for horizontal aspect ratio (cavity depth over width) greater than 1, an alternation of local maximum and minimum Nusselt numbers can be observed along the y-direction toward the center of the wall in the lower half part of the isothermal wall, which are similar to a wave-like behavior. It is shown that they are due to vortex structures generated by a Görtler instability. The depth variation increases the emergence of those structures, but paradoxically several characteristics of both flow and heat transfer, such as the depth-averaged shear stress or the Nusselt numbers, tend to the two-dimensional case value as the cavity gets deeper.

Prostate MRI Qualification: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Prostate MRI is now established as a first-line investigation for individuals presenting with suspected localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. Successful delivery of the MRI-directed pathway for prostate cancer diagnosis relies on high-quality imaging as well as the interpreting radiologist's experience and expertise. Radiologist certification in prostate MRI may help limit interreader variability, optimize outcomes, and provide individual radiologists with documentation of meeting predefined standards. This AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review summarizes existing certification proposals, recognizing variable progress across regions in establishing prostate MRI certification programs. To our knowledge, Germany is the only country with a prostate MRI certification process that is currently available for radiologists. However, prostate MRI certification programs have also recently been proposed in the United States and United Kingdom and by European professional society consensus panels. Recommended qualification processes entail a multifaceted approach, incorporating components such as minimum case numbers, peer learning, course participation, continuing medical education credits, and feedback from pathology results. Given the diversity in health care systems, including in the provision and availability of MRI services, national organizations will likely need to take independent approaches to certification and accreditation. The relevant professional organizations should begin developing these programs or continue existing plans for implementation.

Use of Artificial Intelligence to Manage Patient Flow in Emergency Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective, Single-Center Study

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, calculation of the number of emergency department (ED) beds required for patients with vs. without suspected COVID-19 represented a real public health problem. In France, Amiens Picardy University Hospital (APUH) developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) project called “Prediction of the Patient Pathway in the Emergency Department” (3P-U) to predict patient outcomes. Materials: Using the 3P-U model, we performed a prospective, single-center study of patients attending APUH’s ED in 2020 and 2021. The objective was to determine the minimum and maximum numbers of beds required in real-time, according to the 3P-U model. Results A total of 105,457 patients were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the 3P-U was 0.82 for all of the patients and 0.90 for the unambiguous cases. Specifically, 38,353 (36.4%) patients were flagged as “likely to be discharged”, 18,815 (17.8%) were flagged as “likely to be admitted”, and 48,297 (45.8%) patients could not be flagged. Based on the predicted minimum number of beds (for unambiguous cases only) and the maximum number of beds (all patients), the hospital management coordinated the conversion of wards into dedicated COVID-19 units. Discussion and conclusions: The 3P-U model’s AUROC is in the middle of range reported in the literature for similar classifiers. By considering the range of required bed numbers, the waste of resources (e.g., time and beds) could be reduced. The study concludes that the application of AI could help considerably improve the management of hospital resources during global pandemics, such as COVID-19.

Variability in Operative Experience Among US Gynecologic Oncology Fellows (030)

<b>Objectives:</b> The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log system provides a mechanism to assess the breadth and depth of the clinical experience provided by gynecologic oncology fellowships. Logging has been required since 2017; however, the required minimum number of procedures has not yet been determined. We aimed to evaluate the range of operative experience across gynecologic oncology fellowship programs in relation to proposed procedure-specific minimum numbers. <b>Methods:</b> ACGME surgical case logs of graduating gynecologic oncology fellows from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed for case volume trends. <b>Results:</b> Data were collected from 64 graduating gynecologic oncology fellows enrolled in 50 US programs. The median number of intestinal surgeries performed by graduating fellows was 42 (19 performed by those in the 10^th percentile to 89 performed by those in the 90^th percentile); a minimum of 20 has been proposed by the ACGME. By contrast, ACGME requires general surgery residents to complete a minimum of 25 small and 40 large intestinal surgeries during training. Gynecologic oncology fellows who performed more than ten intestinal procedures in training were more likely to feel prepared to perform these surgeries independently, however, only 58% reported feeling prepared to do so within three years of graduation. The median number of urologic procedures performed by graduating fellows was one (0 to 4); a minimum of 2 has been proposed by the ACGME. However, ACGME requires urology residents to complete a minimum of eight urinary diversion procedures during training, with the stipulation that this minimum "does not signify the achievement of competence." The median number of radical hysterectomies performed by graduating fellows was 17 (8 to 32). A minimum of ten has been proposed by the ACGME. A single-institution study of gynecologic oncology fellow productivity reported 17 radical hysterectomies completed per fellow per year since 2005. The median number of exenterations performed by graduating fellows was three (1 to 8); a minimum of two has been proposed by the ACGME. A single-institution study of exenterations over 20 years showed an average of six procedures per surgeon and no association of operative experience with complications or survival. The median number of inguinal dissections performed by graduating fellows was 11 (4 to 18). As this is considered a rare procedure, no minimum has been proposed by the ACGME. A minimum of ten was proposed to overcome the surgeon learning curve for inclusion in GROINSS-V-I. <b>Conclusions:</b> In the US, gynecologic oncology fellows experience significant variability in their surgical training. Based on our extrapolation of ACGME data, approximately half of the fellows fall below the proposed case minimums for urologic procedures. All but those in the bottom 10^th percentile met proposed minimums for radical hysterectomies, exenterations, and intestinal procedures. However, ACGME-proposed case minimums may be inadequate to achieve competence. Understanding the scope and variability of gynecologic oncology surgical training is needed to continue to improve and address gaps in fellow education.

More vaquita porpoises survive than expected

In 2018, it was estimated that fewer than 20 of Mexico’s endemic vaquita porpoisePhocoena sinusremained, and the species was declining by 47% yr-1. Entanglement in gillnets is the sole threat to the species, and since the last population size estimate, gillnetting has increased in the small area where most vaquitas remain—a 12 × 24 km area in the Gulf of California near San Felipe, Mexico. We conducted research efforts in 2019 and 2021 in that area to estimate the minimum numbers of adults and calves and look for any signs that vaquitas are unhealthy. Through expert elicitation, we estimated between 7 and 15 unique individuals were seen in 2019 and 5-13 were seen in 2021. Calves were seen in both years, and all vaquitas appeared healthy. Population projections from the last full survey indicated that more vaquitas have survived than expected. We suggest that these surviving adult vaquitas may have learned to avoid entanglement in gillnets. These vaquitas and their calves provide hope that the species can survive. However, given the high levels of illegal gillnetting and the theft of equipment which hindered our monitoring efforts, and with only around 10 individuals remaining, survival can only be assured if vaquita habitat is made gillnet-free.

Epidemic trend analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries using modified susceptible-infected-recovered predictive model.

A novel coronavirus causing the severe and fatal respiratory syndrome was identified in China, is now producing outbreaks in more than 200 countries around the world, and became pandemic by the time. In this article, a modified version of the well‐known mathematical epidemic model susceptible‐infected‐recovered (SIR) is used to analyze the epidemic's course of COVID‐19 in eight different countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). To achieve this goal, the parameters of the SIR model are identified by using publicly available data for the corresponding countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Based on the prediction model, we estimated the epidemic trend of COVID‐19 outbreak in SAARC countries for 20, 90, and 180 days, respectively. A short‐mid‐long term prediction model has been designed to understand the early dynamics of the COVID‐19 epidemic in the southeast Asian region. The maximum and minimum basic reproduction numbers (R 0 = 1.33 and 1.07) for SAARC countries are predicted to be in Pakistan and Bhutan. We equate simulation results with real data in the SAARC countries on the COVID‐19 outbreak, and predicted different scenarios using the modified SIR prediction model. Our results should provide policymakers with a method for evaluating the impacts of possible interventions, including lockdown and social distancing, as well as testing and contact tracking.

The minimum number of examined lymph nodes for accurate nodal staging and optimal survival of stage T1-2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter cohort with SEER database validation

BackgroundThe extent of lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy remains controversial for patients with T1-2 ESCC. The aim of this study was to identify the minimum number of examined lymph node (ELN) for accurate nodal staging and overall survival (OS) of patients with T1-2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and methodsPatients with T1-2 ESCC from three institutes between January 2011 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The associations of ELN count with nodal migration and OS were evaluated using multivariable models, and visualized by using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS). Chow test was used to determine the structural breakpoints of ELN count. External validation in the SEER database was performed. ResultsIn total, 1537 patients were included. Increased ELNs was associated with an increased likelihood of having positive nodal disease and incremental OS. The minimum numbers of ELNs for accurate nodal staging and optimal survival were 14 and 18 with validation in the SEER database (n = 519), respectively. The prognostic prediction ability of N stage was improved in the group with ≥14 ELNs compared with those with fewer ELNs (iAUC, 0.70 (95%CI 0.66–0.74) versus 0.61(95%CI 0.57–0.65)). The higher prognostic value was found for patients with ≥18 ELNs than those with <18 ELNs (iAUC, 0.78 (95%CI 0.74–0.82) versus 0.73 (95%CI 0.7–0.77)). ConclusionThe minimum numbers of ELNs for accurate nodal staging and optimal survival of stage T1-2 ESCC patients were 14 and 18, respectively.

UK endoscopy workload and workforce patterns: is there potential to increase capacity? A BSG analysis of the National Endoscopy Database

BackgroundThe lack of comprehensive national data on endoscopy activity and workforce hampers strategic planning. The National Endoscopy Database (NED) provides a unique opportunity to address this in the UK. We...

Probabilistic cooperative coded forwarding for broadcast transmissions in industrial mobile edge communications

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is considered as a key enabler for the industrial internet of things (IIoT) to cope with the ever-increasing communication and computing demands of nodes. In consideration of the limited resource of the IIoT nodes, it is necessary to design cost-effective multi-hop data transmission schemes for mobile edge IIoTs. However, most of the traditional schemes have to spend enormous cost to meet the reliability requirement, which cannot support timely information processing of MEC-based IIoT. In this article, the probabilistic cooperative coded forwarding (PCCF) scheme for multi-hop data transmission in mobile edge IIoTs is proposed to address the above problem. First, the data packets are encoded at a source IIoT node using the systematic sparse network coding (SSNC) mechanism, then the source broadcasts the coded packets to its one-hop neighbors. To minimize the required number of redundant coded packets, the sparsity of coded packets is optimized. Second, the nodes which received the packets will become volunteer relay nodes and forward the coded packets using the cooperative coded forwarding (CCF) mechanism. The volunteer relays first forward the received coded packets with a forwarding probability, and then re-encode a pair of received coded packets and broadcast the re-encoded packet with a re-encoding probability. To guarantee the broadcast performance while minimizing the transmission number at relay nodes, the feasible forwarding and re-encoding probability are provided. Third, the receiver nodes will try to decode the received coded and re-encoded packets and recover data packets without sending acknowledgments. Finally, through a series of experiments, we verify the accuracy of analytical approximations and also find out the optimal sparsity of coded packets and the existence of minimum transmission numbers. These provide insights for further optimization of multi-hop data transmission in mobile edge IIoTs.

Jurisprudential Analysis of Death Due to Electrocution

Background: Minimum attention is given to electrocution deaths as we hardly come across these cases during autopsy. Electrocution has great impact on morbidity and mortality which can be prevented by public awareness and by adopting safety measures.&#x0D; Methods: An autopsy-based retrospective study of three years conducted by history of the cases, inquest report and by doing meticulous autopsy of each of the cases at Dhaka Medical College Mortuary.&#x0D; Results: We observed 139 electrocution deaths (1.03%) out of 13400 autopsies. Male victims i.e 123 (88.48%) outnumbered the females i.e in 16 cases (11.51%). The most affected age group was 21-30 years i.e 71 cases (51.07%) followed by 31-40 years in 38 cases (27.33%) and 41-50 years in 18 cases (12.94%). The most common places of electrocution were on the roadside i.e in 91 cases (65.46%) followed by the house in 48 cases (34.53%). High tension electric wires the commonest causative agent i.e in 78 cases (56.11%) followed by home appliances in 48 cases (34.53%) and water pump in 13 cases (9.35%). Regarding distribution of entry and corresponding exit wounds, we observed presence of both entry and exit wounds in 86 cases (61.87%) followed by no entry wounds in 29 cases (20.86%) and entry wounds in 24 cases (17.26%) Most of the entry wounds were present in the upper limbs i.e in 98 cases (70.50%) followed by head-neck in 16 cases (11.51%) and chest-abdomen in 15 cases (10.79%). Maximum exit wounds were observed in the lower limbs i.e in 106 cases (76.25%) followed by no exit wounds in 24 cases (17.26%). Considering manner of death, we observed all the 139 cases of electrocution i.e 100% were of accidental.&#x0D; Conclusion: Though cases of death due to electrocution are found in minimum numbers along with other unnatural deaths annually, they can be prevented by proper awareness and measures effectively.&#x0D; Central Medical College Journal Vol 5 No 1 Jan 2021 PP 13-19

Parity Properties of Configurations

In the paper, the crossing number of the join product G*+Dn for the disconnected graph G* consisting of two components isomorphic to K2 and K3 is given, where Dn consists of n isolated vertices. Presented proofs are completed with the help of the graph of configurations that is a graphical representation of minimum numbers of crossings between two different subgraphs whose edges do not cross the edges of G*. For the first time, multiple symmetry between configurations are presented as parity properties. We also determine crossing numbers of join products of G* with paths Pn and cycles Cn on n vertices by adding new edges joining vertices of Dn.

L(1, d)-labeling number of direct product of two cycles

For positive number d, an L(1, d) -labeling f of G is an assignment of numbers to vertices of G such that |f(u) - f(v)| ≥ 1 if d(u, v) = 1, and |f(u) - f(v)| ≥ d if d(u, v) = 2. Then the span of f is the difference between the maximum and the minimum numbers assigned by f. The L(1, d) -labeling number of G, denoted by λ 1,d (G), is the minimum span over all L(1, d) -labelings of G. In this paper, the authors give the L(1, d) -labeling numbers of the direct product of two cycles Cm and Cn for d ≥ 2 for some values of m and n. Some cases for 1 ≤ d <2 are also discussed.

Minimum Case Numbers: The New Pandemic in a Changing Clinical Environment.

Minimum Case Numbers: The New Pandemic in a Changing Clinical Environment.

The number of maximal independent sets in trees with a given number of leaves

For any n and l, we completely describe trees with the maximum and minimum numbers of maximal independent sets among all n-vertex trees with l leaves.

Use of GIS and dasymetric mapping for estimating tsunami-affected population to facilitate humanitarian relief logistics: a case study from Phuket, Thailand

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami led to improvements in Thailand’s early warning systems and evacuation procedures. However, there was no consideration of better aid delivery, which critically depends on estimates of the affected population. With the widespread use of geographical information systems (GIS), there has been renewed interest in spatial population estimation. This study has developed an application to determine the number of disaster-impacted people in a given district, by integrating GIS and population estimation algorithms, to facilitate humanitarian relief logistics. A multi-stage spatial interpolation is used for estimating the affected populations using ArcGIS software. We present a dasymetric mapping approach using a population-weighted technique coupled with remote sensing data. The results in each target area show the coordinates of each shelter location for evacuees, with the minimum and maximum numbers of people affected by the tsunami inundation. This innovative tool produces not only numerical solutions for decision makers, but also a variety of maps that improve visualisation of disaster severity across neighbourhoods. A case study in Patong, a town of Phuket, illustrates the application of this GIS-based approach. The outcomes can be used as key decision-making factors in planning and managing humanitarian relief logistics in the preparedness and response phases to improve performance with future tsunami occurrences, or with other types of flood disaster.