MMSE Successive Interference Cancellation Research Articles

Nonlinear Equalization for Performance Enhancement of FBMC Systems Using Walsh Transform

ABSTRACT The Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) is an interesting recent technology for next-generation wireless radio communication systems. Equalization is a fundamental technique for enhancing Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. The traditional Linear Zero Forcing (LZF) and Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) equalizers have large noise amplification and high complexity, respectively. As the estimated error of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) grows, the BER performance of the LMMSE equalizer degrades. In this paper, we present a Joint Low Complexity Optimized ZF-Successive Interference Cancellation (JLCOZF-SIC) equalizer for FBMC communication systems that are based on the Walsh–Hadamard Transform (WHT) rather than the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). As in the MMSE-Successive Interference Cancellation (MMSE-SIC) equalizer, the proposed equalizer avoids the estimating error induced by average power per symbol estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the system performance more than the existing algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed equalization provides stability in the BER performance at high levels of the co-Carrier Frequency Offset (co-CFO). In terms of computational complexity, the proposed scheme has a lower computational complexity than traditional schemes.

Successive Cancellation Integer Forcing via Practical Binary Codes

A new multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receiver scheme for practical binary codes is proposed that provides consistent gains over conventional linear receivers. We first develop a practical successive integer forcing (IF) scheme based on practical binary codes rather than lattice codes. We then present the successive cancellation integer forcing (SC-IF) scheme, which combines and enhances successive IF and minimum mean squared error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC). In this scheme, the receiver first decides whether individual decoding or IF sum decoding is appropriate for each data stream, and then conducts successive IF sum decoding only for selected streams while decoding the remaining streams using MMSE-SIC. The proposed SC-IF methodology mitigates the performance loss caused by mismatched IF filtering in fading channels, while attenuating the noise amplification caused by MMSE filtering. Extensive link-level simulations demonstrate that the proposed successive IF significantly improves the basic IF, and the SC-IF improves both the successive IF and MMSE-SIC, offering uniform improvements over conventional linear receivers for most channel correlation and variation parameters and modulation orders at comparable computational costs. These results illustrate the viability of SC-IF as a fundamental building block for high-performance MIMO receivers in 5G-Advanced and/or subsequent-generation communication systems.

RIS-Enhanced Secure Transmission in MTC Networks With Finite Blocklength

In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted secure finite blocklength transmission framework in machine-type communications (MTC) networks, where the integration of millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology is considered to alleviate the problem of insufficient spectrum resources caused by massive MTC devices (MTCDs). For improving the ability of anti-eavesdropping, we aim to maximize the achievable sum secrecy capacity (SC) by jointly optimize the MTCDs’ transmission power, RIS phase coefficient and receive beamforming design. To handle the nonconvexity of the proposed optimization problem, we decouple it into three sub-problems, where the first two are solved by successive convex approximation (SCA) method. A minimum mean squared error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) scheme is proposed to tackle the receive beamforming problem for uplink NOMA networks. Furthermore, an alternating optimization based joint power, phase, and beamforming allocation (AO-JPPBA) algorithm is developed to implement joint optimization. Simulation results show that: 1) the security performance of the proposed AO-JPPBA is improved by 612.26% than the baseline scheme; 2) the proposed MMSE-SIC beamforming scheme is more effective in improving sum-SC of uplink NOMA networks; 3) RIS’s location has an obvious impact on sum-SC when considering eavesdroppers with strong wiretapping ability.

Uplink Performance of Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Multi-Antenna Users Over Jointly-Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this paper, we investigate a cell-free massive MIMO system with both access points (APs) and user equipments (UEs) equipped with multiple antennas over jointly-correlated Rayleigh fading channels. We study four uplink implementations, from fully centralized processing to fully distributed processing, and derive their achievable spectral efficiency (SE) expressions with minimum mean-squared error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) detectors and arbitrary combining schemes. Furthermore, the global and local MMSE combining schemes are derived based on full and local channel state information (CSI) obtained under pilot contamination, which can maximize the achievable SE for the fully centralized and distributed implementation, respectively. We study a two-layer decoding implementation with an arbitrary combining scheme in the first layer and optimal large-scale fading decoding (LSFD) in the second layer. Besides, we compute novel closed-form SE expressions for the two-layer decoding implementation with maximum ratio (MR) combining. In the numerical results, we compare the SE performance for different implementation levels, combining schemes, and channel models. It is important to note that increasing the number of antennas per UE may degrade the SE performance.

GFDM-Based Asynchronous Grant-Free Multiple-Access

For next-generation Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks, asynchronous instant transmission has attracted increasing research interest with the expectation of achieving near-zero latency without excessive initiation procedure. However, in an asynchronous multiple-access scenario, there exist significant inter-carrier interference between sub-carriers allocated to different users. To suppress out-of-band emission (OOBE) of each sub-carrier, a new generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) has been proposed, which has lower OOBE than the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In this paper, by using GFDM, two types of receivers are proposed with the aim of reducing latency and improving throughput: a GFDM-based minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver and a GFDM-based MMSE-successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver. Then, we develop a lightweight scheme using an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-conservative rate control with GFDM-based MMSE receivers and also invent a performance-focused scheme using an advanced rate control with GFDM-based MMSE-SIC receivers. In particular, the latter scheme provides higher throughput with limited increase in computational load of user equipments. Numerical results show that with a high successful transmission probability higher than 99 &#x0025;, the performance-focused scheme and the lightweight scheme achieve up to 85 &#x0025; and up to 70 &#x0025; higher throughput compared to the conventional OFDM-based asynchronous multiple-access scheme, respectively. Furthermore, since our proposal does not require any centralized user scheduling or initiation procedure, it presents a significant reduction in latency compared to the existing low-latency technologies.

Ensuring Max–Min Fairness of UL SIMO-NOMA: A Rate Splitting Approach

Single-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (SIMO-NOMA) is a promising technology for the uplink (UL) of the Internet of things (IoT). A rate splitting scheme to guarantee max-min fairness (MMF) of SIMO-NOMA is studied. First, the achievable data rate of the minimum mean square error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) detection is formulated. An upper bound for the minimum data rate of UL users is derived, and it is proved that the upper bound can be achieved by rate splitting with MMSE-SIC detection. Then, an exhaustive-search rate splitting algorithm to maximize the minimum data rate is designed. The existence of a lower bound for the minimum data rate with two-layer SIMO-NOMA is proved. A low-complexity two-layer rate splitting algorithm is designed with suitable detection order to exceed the lower bound. Numerical results verify that rate splitting SIMO-NOMA has higher minimum data rate and lower transmission latency than single-input multiple-output orthogonal multiple access (SIMO-OMA) and un-layered SIMO-NOMA.

An advanced detection technique in MIMO-PSK wireless communication systems using MMSE-SIC detection over a Rayleigh fading channel

Efficient signal detection at the receiving end of multi antenna wireless communication is a major challenge in presence of channel fading, interference & noise phenomena. Combination of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) with phase shift keying (PSK) termed as (MIMO-PSK) modulation achieves significant transmission capacity and link quality through spatial diversity and multiplexing. This paper mainly focuses on detection algorithms and by incorporating well-known minimum mean square error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC), proposes an advanced MMSE-SIC detection technique. Via a series of MATLAB simulations it is demonstrated that the proposed detection technique outperforms the conventional zero forcing, MMSE and even that of maximum likelihood detections by further reducing bit error rate without adding substantial system complexity.

Spectral-Efficient Cellular Communications With Coexistent One- and Two-Hop Transmissions

The cellular communications scenario involving the coexistence of the one-hop direct transmission and the two-hop relaying is studied in this paper. In contrast to conventional cellular systems featuring orthogonal information flows served by decoupled channel resources via, e.g., time division, we propose a novel protocol in which two information flows are served simultaneously via the shared channel resource, thus constituting a spectral-efficient solution for cellular communications. On the other hand, however, an inevitable issue associated with the proposed protocol is the interflow interference, which may lead to serious deterioration on both information flows. To tackle this issue, we develop an overhearing-based protocol that utilizes the overheard interference as useful side information in the receiver design. Specifically, depending on the interference levels, an adaptive linear minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and nonlinear MMSE successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver exploiting the overheard interference at the direct mobile terminal is developed. To balance between the two information flows, we develop the asymptotically optimum superposition coding at the base station (BS) in the high-power regime. Furthermore, the optimum relay beamforming matrix maximizing the bottleneck of the achievable rates of the two information flows is developed subject to a finite power constraint. Finally, simulations demonstrate a remarkable throughput gain over the conventional cellular systems.

Performance analysis of multicell multiuser MIMO MC DS/CDMA system with MMSE user-ordered SIC technique

In this paper, we study the performance of co-channel interference (CCI) cancellation technique based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) user-ordered successive interference cancellation (UOSIC) for multi input multi output (MIMO) multicarrier (MC) direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system for multi cell setting. Though MC DS/CDMA possesses several advantages, interference limits the capacity of the system. Mitigating the interference can directly swell the system capacity. In this contribution, we consider K co-channel users arbitrarily distributed in an L cell uplink and downlink communication system with both the base stations (BSs) and the mobile stations (MSs) equipped with two antennas each. Also, we assume that, both the BSs and MSs employ space time block code (STBC) based on the transmission matrix (G2). Our simulation study shows that, MMSE UOSIC provides better achievable bit-error rate (BER) than MMSE maximum likelihood (ML) and MMSE successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique due to optimal ordering among users and iterative interference cancellation (IC).

Semi-Analytical Performance Prediction Methods for Iterative MMSE-IC Multiuser MIMO Joint Decoding

In this paper, two semi-analytical performance prediction methods are proposed and compared for multiuser MIMO transmission over block-fading multipath channels and iterative MMSE successive interference cancellation based joint decoding. In the first method, we develop a completely analytical parameterisation of the whole turbo receiver up to the users' channel decoders. The method which follows the classical framework of extrinsic information transfer charts tracks the evolution of the average mutual information defined at coded bit level and circulating between the multiuser detector and the bank of channel decoders. The modelling of the demapping output in the multiuser detector is based on an explicit calculation of the (conditional) mutual information for each symbol digit in a symbol label under arbitrary (possibly non-uniform) a priori probability distributions on others. Then, shifting in viewpoint and considering user demapping and decoding as a joint process, we present an alternative method which tracks the evolution of the average mutual information defined at symbol level and circulating between the MMSE successive interference based interface and the bank of joint demappers and channel decoders. This allows to avoid the critical issue of parameterising the demapping. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the second method for high-order non-linear mapping.

Uplink Multiple-User V-BLAST Optimal Detection Ordering With Service Differentiation

In this paper, we introduce a new differentiated successive-interference cancellation (DiffSIC) ordering technique for uplink multiple-user systems. Unlike classical successive-interference cancellation (SIC), DiffSIC is capable of differentiating users according to their priority or class of service by selecting a detection order that best fits the users' service profiles. In addition, DiffSIC is able to achieve the optimal SIC detection order that results in the best overall system performance. To develop DiffSIC, we introduce analytical methods toward finding instantaneous symbol error rates (SERs) for zero-forcing SIC (ZF-SIC) and minimum mean square error SIC (MMSE-SIC) detectors. Furthermore, we devise two procedures to reduce the computational complexity associated with the computation of SER and the enumeration of detection orders. We present a number of numerical results that clearly demonstrate the ability of DiffSIC to accomplish service differentiation and overall performance improvement in general.

Space-time codes for multiple access systems with low MMSE decoding complexity

We study a class of space-time codes constructed by linear dispersion encoding that allow low-complexity linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) decoding for a multiple access system. Considering that the information symbols are drawn from square QAM constellations, we optimize rate-one space time code designs with MMSE decoding to achieve minimum bit error rate (BER) for any channel realization. In addition, the performance is further improved with a simple MMSE successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) method. Simulation results compare the proposed design with existing rate-one designs and show that simple rate-one circulant designs are also good candidates for deployment in multiple access systems.

Practical Considerations on Channel Estimation for Up-Link MC-CDMA Systems

Channel parameters, which are usually estimated at the receiver, are required in signal detection in multi-carrier (MC) code division multiplex access (CDMA). The accuracy of channel estimation directly affects the performance of the overall system. In this paper, we present some practical techniques to improve channel estimation in up-link MC-CDMA systems. For most of multipath channels, there are only a few significant taps in time domain that determine the frequency response. Based on this characteristic, we detect and keep these significant taps and discard the trivial ones, which are usually very noisy or contain only noise components. After channel parameters are estimated at the pilot blocks, channels at the data blocks can be obtained by interpolation. To improve the performance of simple linear interpolation, we apply optimal interpolation, which takes channel estimation error and channel correlation into consideration. We then investigate the impact of channel estimation error on minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector and find that more accurate channel is required to further improve the performance of the MMSE SIC detector. Therefore, we develop soft-decision-directed (SDD) channel estimation, which exploits the information at the data blocks to improve channel estimation.

Optimal Lattice-Reduction Aided Successive Interference Cancellation for MIMO Systems

In this letter, we investigated the optimal minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) based successive interference cancellation (SIC) strategy designed for lattice-reduction aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors. For the sake of generating the MMSE-based MIMO symbol estimate at each SIC detection stage, we model the so-called effective symbols generated with the aid of lattice-reduction as joint Gaussian distributed random variables. However, after lattice-reduction, the effective symbols become correlated and exhibit a non-zero mean. Hence, we derive the optimal MMSE SIC detector, which updates the mean and variance of the effective symbols at each SIC detection stage. As a result, the proposed detector achieves a better performance compared to its counterpart dispensing with updating the mean and variance, and performs close to the maximum likelihood detector.

A Novel Fast Recursive MMSE-SIC Detection Algorithm for V-BLAST Systems

A novel fast recursive minimum mean square error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) algorithm with optimal detection order for vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) systems is proposed. In this algorithm, the MMSE Alter matrices and the optimal detection order are successively computed from the previously obtained filter matrices according to simple recursive pseudoinverse formulas, so that the algorithmic complexity is reduced significantly, especially for the practical number of transmit/receive antennas.

Optimal MMSE successive interference cancellation in group-wise STBC MIMO systems

Abstract An optimal minimum mean square error successive interference cancellation (OMMSE SIC) scheme for Groupwise space-time block coding (G-STBC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is presented. In such a system, transmit antennas are partitioned into several STBC encoding groups and each group transmits independent data stream which is individually STBC encoded. On the receiver side, by exploring the temporal constraint provided by STBC, an equivalent channel model similar to the one in standard vertical Bell laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) systems is generated. Then OMMSE SIC algorithm is performed to detect all the transmitted information. Simulation compares the proposed scheme with non-ordering MMSE SIC scheme and the corresponding equal data rate scheme in V-BLAST systems with the same receive antennas' number. Result shows that the proposed scheme has better performance than non-ordering MMSE SIC scheme and by introducing more transmit antennas and adopting the OMMSE SIC scheme, better performance also can be achieved than corresponding V-BLAST systems.

MMSE reception and successive interference cancellation for MIMO systems with high spectral efficiency

In this paper, we investigate the performance in terms of symbol error probability (SEP) of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with high spectral efficiency. In particular, we consider the coherent detection of M-PSK signals in a flat Rayleigh-fading environment. We focus on spectrally efficient MIMO systems where, after serial-to-parallel conversion, several substreams of symbols are simultaneously transmitted by using an antenna array, thereby increasing the spectral efficiency. The reception is based on linear minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) combining, eventually followed by successive interference cancellation. Exact and approximate expressions are derived for an arbitrary number of transmitting and receiving antenna elements. Simulation results confirm the validity of our analytical methodology.

Asymptotic Performance of Successive Interference Cancellation in the Context of Linear Precoded OFDM Systems

Recent results on the asymptotic empirical eigenvalue distribution of random matrices have enabled the study of the asymptotic limits of linear precoded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems with minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalization. In this letter, we extend these results to the MMSE successive interference cancellation detector and quantify the nonlinearity gain for certain type of precoding matrices.

Equal BER Power Control for Uplink MC-CDMA With MMSE Successive Interference Cancellation

For a given decision order, MMSE successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) can simultaneously maximize SIR's of all users. To further increase its efficiency, a power control (PC) algorithm, under equal BER criterion, is proposed in this letter for uplink MC-CDMA. In frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels, the MMSE-SIC integrated with the equal BER PC suppresses multiple access interference effectively, resulting in a performance very close to the single user bound (SUB).

Asymptotic spectral efficiency of multicell mimo systems with frequency-flat fading

The spectral efficiency of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operating in multicell frequency-flat fading environments is studied for situations in which co-channel interference is the dominant channel impairment instead of ambient noise. The following detectors are analyzed: the joint optimum detector, a group linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detector and its generalized version, a group MMSE successive interference cancellation detector, and an adaptive multiuser detector, with the focus on their large-system asymptotic (nonrandom) expressions. Analytical and numerical results based on these asymptotic multicell MIMO spectral efficiencies are explored to gain insights into the behavior of interference-limited multicell MIMO systems.