Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm Research Articles

Path Selection for Real-Time Communication on Priority-Aware NoCs

This work investigates selecting paths for communication flows when deploying a hard real-time application on a chip-multiprocessor system. This chip-multiprocessor system uses a priority-aware real-time network-on-chip interconnect between the processors. Given a mapping of the computation tasks onto the chip-multiprocessor, the problem we address in this work is to discover paths the communication flows take such that hard real-time deadlines of flows are met. Furthermore, we must ensure that deadlines are met even in the presence of direct and indirect interference from other flows sharing network links on the path. To achieve this, our algorithm utilizes a stage-level analysis for real-time communication to determine the impact of a network link being used by a flow, and its effect on other flows sharing the link. The path selection algorithm uses heuristics such as selecting links with least interference, and considering lower-priority flows when dedicating links to paths of higher-priority flows since an optimal one is intractable. The algorithm also considers constraints on the number of virtual channels at each router port in the network. The statistically significant experimental results show an improvement in schedulability by 5% and 12% over existing path selection algorithms such as Minimum Interference Routing and Widest Shortest Path algorithms, respectively. We also present a set-top box case study to further illustrate the benefits of using the proposed algorithm.

Solving Bandwidth-Guaranteed Routing Problem Using Routing Data

This paper introduces a traffic engineering routing algorithm that aims to accept as many routing demands as possible on the condition that a certain amount of bandwidth resource is reserved for each accepted demand. The novel idea is to select routes based on not only network states but also information derived from routing data such as probabilities of the ingress egress pairs and usage frequencies of the links. Experiments with respect to acceptance ratio and computation time have been conducted against various test sets. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the existing popular algorithms including Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA) and Random Race based Algorithm for Traffic Engineering (RRATE).

Minimum delay and minimum interference routing algorithm for multi-protocol label switch traffic engineering

Based on the idea of Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm(MIRA),a Minimum Delay Minimum Interference(MDMI) routing algorithm was proposed to implement QoS-based routing scheme for Multi-Protocol Label Switch(MPLS) traffic engineering.The algorithm firstly calculated k minimum-delay candidate routes,selected optimal route and avoided critical resource through computing network flow.The algorithm can balance overall load,improve resource utilization efficiency and offer a delay-constrained routing mechanism at the same time.The simulation results show that the new algorithm works better at decreasing Label Switched Path(LSP) rejection rate and increase network throughput,however at the cost of k times multiplication of time complexity.

A Multicast Routing Algorithm with Sparse Light Splitting Constrained

This paper investigates the defects that exist in the blocking probability and the cost of establishing light-tree in the multicast routing algorithm with sparse splitting capability constraint based on the Virtual Source (VS). It proposes a new multicast routing algorithm N_VSBA (New Virtual Source Based Algorithm). By introducing the minimum interference routing algorithm in the path calculation among the VS nodes, this new algorithm solves the problem of blocking caused by establishing the light-tree through a pre-computed path when two VS nodes concentrate. This algorithm also solves the problem of VS-based algorithm’s not being able to utilize the TaC (Tap and Continue) capability of indecomposable optical nodes by introduction of MPH (Minimum Path-cost Heuristic) algorithm into the process of adding light-tree into indecomposable nodes. Simulation results show that the new algorithm has improvements of different degrees in aspects of blocking probability, average number of wavelength links and average maximum number of wavelength.

Hybrid path allocation scheme for multilayer networks

AbstractWe propose a hybrid path allocation scheme for multilayer networks to satisfy different levels of latency, throughput, and cost requirements. No single conventional routing algorithm is able by itself to meet all these requirements. In order to solve this problem, we hybridize multiple routing algorithms using service classification and prioritized path assignment techniques. In this scheme, path setup requests are classified into multiple service classes according to their policy requirements. Then they are served by selection of path routing algorithms according to their classes. They are also assigned appropriate path priority levels. Here, high‐priority paths are allocated so as to replace existing low‐priority paths that block their setup. Our simulation results have shown that a combination of the minimum‐hop routing algorithm (MHA) for the highest priority, the widest shortest‐path routing algorithm (WSPA) for the middle priority, and the minimum‐interference routing algorithm (MIRA) for the lowest priority are effective in offering low‐latency, high‐throughput, and low‐cost services, simultaneously. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Minimum interference routing with fast protection

One of the most effective techniques offering QoS routing is minimum interference routing. However, it is complex in terms of computation time and is not oriented toward improving the network protection level. In order to include better levels of protection, new minimum interference routing algorithms are necessary. Minimizing the failure recovery time is also a complex process involving different failure recovery phases. Some of these phases depend completely on correct routing selection, such as minimizing the failure notification time. The level of protection also involves other aspects, such as the amount of resources used. In this case shared backup techniques should be considered. Therefore, minimum interference techniques should also be modified in order to include sharing resources for protection in their objectives. These aspects are reviewed and analyzed in this article, and a new proposal combining minimum interference with fast protection using shared segment backups is introduced. Results show that our proposed method improves both minimization of the request rejection ratio and the percentage of bandwidth allocated to backup paths in networks with low and medium protection requirements.

Study of Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm for MPLS Traffic Engineering

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) enables the deployment of Internet traffic engineering to be sim- ple and efficient by using explicit routing of Label Switching Path (LSP). Hence, the LSP routing algorithm becomes the core and hot topic of traffic engineering. This paper analyzes the key ideas of Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA) for LSP routing and then surveys the current improved schemes of MIRA. According to their technical methods, they are classified as reconfirming critical links class, utilizing traffic profile information class, adding admission control class, and solving multiple Quality of Service constraints class. After the key idea is analyzed for each class, their typical algorithms are presented and their advantages, suitable environments and shortcomings with a detailed comprehensive comparison are discussed. The end of the paper points out the future

M_CSPF: A Scalable CSPF Routing Scheme with Multiple QoS Constraints for MPLS Traffic Engineering

In the context of multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) traffic engineering, this paper proposes a scalable constraintbased shortest path first (CSPF) routing algorithm with multiple QoS metrics. This algorithm, called the multiple constraint-based shortest path first (M_CSPF) algorithm, provides an optimal route for setting up a label switched path (LSP) that meets bandwidth and end-to-end delay constraints. In order to maximize the LSP accommodation probability, we propose a link weight computation algorithm to assign the link weight while taking into account the future traffic load and link interference and adopting the concept of a critical link from the minimum interference routing algorithm. In addition, we propose a bounded order assignment algorithm (BOAA) that assigns the appropriate order to the node and link, taking into account the delay constraint and hop count. In particular, BOAA is designed to achieve fast LSP route computation by pruning any portion of the network topology that exceeds the end-to-end delay constraint in the process of traversing the network topology. To clarify the M_CSPF and the existing CSPF routing algorithms, this paper evaluates them from the perspectives of network resource utilization efficiency, end-to-end quality, LSP rejection probability, and LSP route computation performance under various network topologies and conditions.

A minimum interference routing algorithm with reduced computational complexity

Minimum interference routing algorithms are designed to reduce rejections of future requests for the establishment of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) but make no assumption about specific patterns of arrival request. This paper introduces a novel minimum interference routing algorithm, Light Minimum Interference Routing (LMIR), which is based on a new approach to the identification of critical links. This approach reduces the computational complexity involved in finding a path for the establishment of an LSP. The LMIR is shown to have the same precision as existing algorithms but with less computational complexity.

Different Algorithms for Normal and Protection Paths

Many network routing situations commonly require backup paths that satisfy various constraints on bandwidth, link or node selection, and ease of configuration. In this paper, we attempt to validate whether it is beneficial to have distinct algorithmic treatments of normal and backup path calculation, configuration, and maintenance. We present a modular suite of algorithms that enable us to manage normal and protection paths differently. In the process, we develop a simple extension of Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm for shared protection paths. We incorporate a distributed algorithm to separately calculate normal and backup paths in the network, using link state information, and present an evaluation of asynchronous dynamic reorganization of backup paths to reduce congestion in the network. Simulations demonstrate nontrivial quantitative reductions in blocking probabilities under certain conditions. We conclude that in order to choose an optimal algorithm for a protected QoS routing application, it is recommended to also consider a combination of two different algorithms for normal and backup paths.

Profile-based routing and traffic engineering

We present a new algorithm and framework for dynamic routing of bandwidth-guaranteed flows. The problem is motivated by the need to set up bandwidth-guaranteed paths in carrier and ISP networks dynamically. Traditional routing algorithms such as minimum-hop or widest-path routing do not take advantage of any knowledge about the traffic distribution or ingress–egress pairs, and therefore can often lead to severe network underutilization. Our work is inspired by the recently proposed Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA) of Kodialam and Lakshman, but it improves on their approach in several ways. Our main idea is to use a ‘traffic profile’ of the network, obtained by measurements or service-level agreements as a rough predictor of the future traffic distribution. We use this profile to solve a multi-commodity network flow problem, whose output is used both to guide our online path-selection algorithm as well as to impose admission control. The offline multi-commodity solution seems very effective at distributing the routes and avoiding bottlenecks around hot spots. In particular, our algorithm can anticipate a flow's blocking effect on groups of ingress–egress pairs, whereas, MIRA only considers one ingress–egress pair at a time. Our simulation results show that the new algorithm outperforms shortest-path, widest-path, and minimum interference routing algorithms on several metrics, including the fraction of requests routed and the fraction of requested bandwidth routed. Finally, the framework is quite general and can be extended in numerous ways to accommodate a variety of traffic management priorities in the network.

Non-greedy minimum interference routing algorithm for bandwidth-guaranteed flows

This paper presents a new non-greedy routing and admission control algorithm for the dynamic routing of bandwidth-guaranteed tunnels. The algorithm operates online that is handling requests which arrive one at a time without prior knowledge of the traffic pattern. It combines the key concepts in the minimum interference routing algorithm and the algorithms developed based on theoretic competitive analysis to provide efficient routing. Using extensive simulations, we show that our algorithm out-performs several previously proposed algorithms on several metrics such as the acceptance rate of the tunnel set-up requests, fairness and the capability of providing priorities to tunnel requests of certain source–destination pairs in the network.

RATES: a server for MPLS traffic engineering

It has been suggested that one of the most significant reasons for multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network deployment is network traffic engineering. The goal of traffic engineering is to make the best use of the network infrastructure, and this is facilitates by the explicit routing feature of MPLS, which allows many of the shortcomings associated with current IP routing schemes to be addressed. This article describes a software system called Routing and Traffic Engineering Server (RATES) developed for MPLS traffic engineering. It also describes some new routing ideas incorporated in RATES for MPLS explicit path selection. The RATES implementation consists of a policy and flow database, a browser-based interface for policy definition and entering resource provisioning requests, and a Common Open Policy Service protocol server-client implementation for communicating paths and resource information to edge routers. RATES also uses the OSPF topology database for dynamically obtaining link state information. RATES can set up bandwidth-guaranteed label-switched (LSPs) between specified ingress-egress pairs. The path selection for LSPs is on a new minimum-interference routing algorithm aimed at making the best use of network infrastructure in an online environment where LSP requests arrive one by one with no a priori information about future requests. Although developed for an MPLS application, the RATES implementation has many similarities in components to an intradomain differentiated services bandwidth broker.