Minimum Age Research Articles

Capacity to Marry: The Minimum Age for Marriage in Cameroon and its Compliance with International Standards

Capacity to Marry: The Minimum Age for Marriage in Cameroon and its Compliance with International Standards

Practice Variations for Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonates with Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy: An International Survey

To evaluate variations in management of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) among international clinical sites and to identify areas for harmonization. An electronic survey was sent to Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium site sponsors, Canadian Neonatal Network site investigators, members of the Newborn Brain Society, and American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatology chiefs. One hundred five sites responded, with most from high-income regions (n=95). Groupings were adapted from the United Nations regional groups: US (n=52 sites); Canada (n=20); Western Europe and other states excluding Canada and US Group (WEOG, n=18); and non-WEOG (central and eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean, n=15). Regional variations were seen in the eligibility criteria for TH, such as the minimum gestational age, grading of HIE severity, use of electroencephalography, and the frequency of providing TH for mild HIE. Active TH during transport varied among regions and was less likely in smaller volume sites. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram and/or continuous electroencephalogram to determine eligibility for TH was used by most sites in WEOG and non-WEOG but infrequently by the US and Canada Groups. For sedation during TH, morphine was most frequently used as first choice but there was relatively high (33%) use of dexmedetomidine in the US Group. Timing of brain magnetic resonance imaging and neurodevelopmental follow-up were variable. Neurodevelopmental follow occurred earlier and more frequently, although for a shorter duration, in the non-WEOG. We found significant variations in practices for TH for HIE across regions internationally. Future guidelines should incorporate resource availability in a global perspective.

Transformasi Sosial: Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam Sosialisasi UU Batas Usia Perkawinan di Kecamatan Cilengkrang Kabupaten Bandung

Early marriage is a significant social problem in Indonesia, including in Cilengkrang District, Bandung Regency. In an effort to address this problem, the Indonesian government issued Law Number 16 of 2019 which sets the minimum age of marriage to 19 years for both men and women. Community service in socializing this law in Cilengkrang Sub-district aims to increase community understanding and compliance with the regulation. The program involves various educational activities, such as counseling, group discussions, and training for community leaders and educators. The methods used include direct approaches through village meetings and indirect methods through social and print media. The results showed that the involvement of community leaders and religious leaders was very effective in conveying messages and reducing resistance to legal change. The main challenges faced were changing entrenched mindsets and problems accessing information in remote areas. Recommendations to improve the effectiveness of this program include increasing the involvement of community leaders, optimizing the use of media, continuous training, inter-agency cooperation, periodic evaluation, and a culturally sensitive approach. With the implementation of these recommendations, it is expected that the socialization of the marriage age limit law in Cilengkrang Sub-district can be more effective, reduce the number of early marriages, and create an environment that supports the optimal development of children and improves the overall welfare of the community.

Preface

This is the fifth issue of the Muslim Education Review (MER) publication, which means that MER is about two and half years old. It has reached the minimum age (two years) to propose to be accredited. Accreditation for the journal is very important to ensure the quality of the journal. There are two journal accreditations: national and international. Nationally, we can propose our journal be accredited by the Science and Technology Index (SINTA) under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbud Ristek). Based on the assessment of the national journal accreditation (Akreditasi Jurnal Nasional/ARJUNA), the journal can be classified into Sinta 1 (S1) until Sinta 5 (S5) with S1 as the highest quality with the highest grade of 85-100; S2 with the second highest grade of 70-85; S3 with the third highest grade of 60-70; S4 with the second lowest grade of 50-60; and S5 with the lowest grade of 40-50. Usually, the higher the quality of the journal, the more articles received for publication. The level of accreditation is commonly asked by the writers when we invite writers to send their articles for publication. We are glad that our journal has received many articles to be published before being accredited. We attracted submission through the Writing Competition and International Conference programs conducted in our faculty.

Problem from mk powerful number 90/Puu- Xii/2023 related to article 169 letter Q number 7 Year 2017 about general election (Election Law)

Purpose: Constitutional Court (MK) Number 90/PUU-XII/2023 concerning That The age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates is considered controversial and raises a number of problems. The following are some of the problems that emerged after the Constitution Court Decision: Controversy over the minimum age limit of 40 years for presidential and vice presidential candidates. Although some were granted by the Constitutional Court from That request testing Article 169 letter Q from That Election Law, that is That country officials with experience as DPR members, DPD members, DPRD members, governors, regent And mayor WHO is under 40 many years from age is still qualify to follow in National leadership contest. Research Methodology: as presidential candidate And badness presidential candidate in the general election, but this still causes controversy among the public and legal experts. Inconsistency from That Constitutional Court decision with previously decision. There is several legal experts who considers it Constitutional This court decision the timing does not match the previous decision of the Constitutional Court regarding the same object. Political interest in the decision of the Constitutional Court. Results: There is such a view with the decision of the Constitutional Court this time following That hope from That DPR And That government, So That That Constitutional Court seems to be a political tool so that the DPR and the President immediately make changes to the law and without involving public participation. Impact on the good name of the Constitutional Court and Indonesian law. There is A see That That Constitutional Court decision This time own A had a big impact on the good name of the Constitutional Court and Indonesian law, because the Constitutional Court was deemed to have deviated from its essence which should carry out checks and balances on other powers (executive and legislative). Limitations: Big question mark regarding the decision of the Constitutional Court. There are several notes that need to be criticized in the Constitutional Court decision Number 90/PUU-XII/2023, such as material aspects, procedures, And inconsistency in the That Constitutional Court decision with another about The same object. From a number of from This problem, he Can become conclude That That Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XII/2023 has sparked controversy and needs to be studied more deeply to find go out That implications And impact on That democratic And law system in the Indonesia

Holocene lake shrinkage on the northwestern Tibetan Plateau revealed by K-feldspar single-grain pIRIR dating of paleo-shorelines

As a vital component of the “Asian water tower”, lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) significantly influence the regional ecosystems and economies and they are also an effective sentinel of climate change. However, the temporal and spatial patterns of lakes and the related hydroclimatic evolution on the northwestern TP (NWTP) remain unclear. We reconstructed the lake level variations of a non-glacier-fed lake, Longjue Co, on the NWTP, using optical dating of paleo-shorelines. The optically stimulated luminescence signals of quartz grains were unsuitable for dating due to high contributions of the medium component, and thus the post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence signals (pIR50IR170, pIR50IR225) of K-feldspar single grains were used. Internal checks including dose recovery tests, residual dose tests, and anomalous fading tests showed that the pIR50IR170 signal was suitable for paleo-shoreline dating in Longjue Co. However, some of the samples were affected by the incomplete bleaching of pIRIR signals before deposition, and in this case the Minimum Age Model was used to constrain the ages. We also examined the dependence of the K-feldspar equivalent dose (De) on grain brightness and explored the possible mechanisms, and the brightest grains were then used for De calculations. The results show that Longjue Co reached its maximum Holocene level (+34 m) during the early Holocene (10.06 ± 1.39 ka), and then after ∼5 ka it commenced a shrinking trend, punctuated by two rapid lake level decreases. Reference to independent paleoclimate records suggests that the Holocene lake level variations of Longjue Co and the regional hydroclimate were mainly controlled by the Indian summer monsoon.

Luminescence ages of sediments from the margin of the penultimate glaciation in the north-eastern East European plain

In this study we apply optically stimulated luminescence and infra-red stimulated luminescence to the sediments from the interfluve dividing three river basins: the Pechora, the Kama and the Severnaya Dvina, hoping to gather new age data on glaciofluvial sediment. We also studied the valley of the Berezovka, a medium-scale river cutting through this interfluve. We obtained a chronology from 17 quartz and 15 feldspar ages. Sedimentological analyses and luminescence dating show that most of the sediments examined here are water-transported (gully alluvium, slopewash deposits), and their ages mark a period of accumulation during MIS 2. Some of these sediments were reworked by aeolian processes; these took place over a time span consistent with such processes in other parts of the East European Plain (19-12 ka). The Berezovka river experienced incision before ∼22 ka and another erosion event with extremely high floods at 15–16 ka. Its terrace formed in MIS 5, constraining the minimum age of the valley. In the bottom part of the sections, much older, possible MIS 8, glaciofluvial sediments were found; the apparent absence of MIS 6 sediments may argue for moving the MIS 6 ice sheet limit further to the north of the study area.

Harmonising tradition and child welfare: ordination of Buddhist child monks in Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, where a majority follows Theravada Buddhism, there are rituals and norms related to the ordination of monks, as well as a process of certification. An 8-year-old male novice monk was presented for clinical forensic examination following an assault at a temple by several other fellow novice monks. Further investigation revealed that this recently-ordained monk did not possess proper certification of ordination and financial exploitation of the young monks’ priesthood status and the alleged assault were suspected. This case discusses several suggestions, including the legal reinforcement of a probationary period, streamlining the registration process, and setting a minimum age for ordination, to safeguard the welfare of child monks while supporting the norms and traditions of priesthood.

Parenting in a changing environment: A long-term study of prolactin, parental effort and reproductive success in common eiders

Parental care is regulated by multiple endocrine mechanisms. Among these hormones, prolactin (PRL) is involved in the expression of parental behaviors. Despite the consensus that PRL mediates variation in parental effort with age and body condition, its role in the adjustment of parental effort to fluctuating environmental conditions, including changing predation pressure, still awaits further investigation. To shed light on this knowledge gap, we relied on a long-term monitoring of female common eiders Somateria mollissima (n = 1277 breeding attempts, 2012–2022) incubating under fluctuating predation risk to investigate the link between baseline PRL levels and female minimum age, body condition, clutch size, environmental parameters (predation pressure, climate, nest microhabitat) and hatching success. We predicted that PRL would be higher in older females, those in better condition or incubating larger clutches. We also predicted that females would reduce parental effort when nesting under challenging environmental conditions (high predation pressure or poor climatic conditions), translated into reduced baseline PRL levels. We also explored how variation in PRL levels, female characteristics and environmental parameters were related to hatching success. Following our predictions, PRL levels were positively associated with body condition and female age (before showing a senescent decline in the oldest breeders). However, we did not observe any population-level or individual-level reduction in PRL levels in response to increasing predation pressure. Population-level baseline PRL levels instead increased over the study period, coincident with rising predation threat, but also increasing female body condition and age. While we did not provide evidence for a direct association between baseline PRL levels and predation risk, our results support the idea that elevated baseline PRL levels promote hatching success under internal constraints (in young, inexperienced, breeders or those incubating a large clutch) or constraining environmental conditions (during years of high predation pressure or poor climatic and foraging conditions). Finally, the low repeatability of baseline PRL levels and high interannual variability highlight considerable within-individual flexibility in baseline PRL levels. Further research should explore flexibility in parental effort to changing environmental conditions, focusing on both baseline and stress-induced PRL levels.

A Comparative Analysis of the Interpretation of Maturity Under the Law of Marriage across ASEAN Countries

Annually, child marriage endangers the lives and prospects of millions of youngsters. Despite regulations regulating the minimum age for marriage, this practice is prevalent and troublesome in several nations. Child marriage persists in several regions worldwide despite being disapproved upon in some civilizations. The present work aims to analyze the idea of maturity within the context of marital law. This study involves normative legal research utilizing philosophical, statutory, and conceptual approaches. The methods employed for analyzing legal materials are surveying, questioning, reading, reciting/recalling, and reviewing using logical reasoning. The investigation reveals that the idea of maturity in marriage legislation in countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Vietnam is mostly based on setting a minimum age for marriage, despite the fact that age may not accurately reflect a person’s maturity level.

Geofyzikální průzkum a datování sesuvu v údolí Javorné (Zlatohorská vrchovina)

The newly identified Javorná landslide (GPS 50.2506 N, 17.3099 E) is located above the Javorná settlement (Jeseník District, the Olomouc Region, Czechia) about 0.5 km southeast of Bílý kámen Mt. (612 m a. s. l.) within the Zlaté Hory Upland. The landslide was geomorphologically mapped, dated using the radiocarbon method, and geophysical measurements using electrical resistivity tomography were carried out to interpret surface and subsurface structure of the landslide. It is a rotational rockslide developed in deluvium formed by rocks of the envelope of the Desná Unit (orthoquartzites > amphibolites, gneisses), covering an area of approximately 0.11 km2 (~ 400 × 300 m). Up to three headscarps were identified, including the uppermost amphitheatre-like, which is discontinuous and not very prominent. The most significant scarp borders the landslide on the north-east all the way to its toe. Central part of the landslide is undulated, with several zones of local shallow depressions. The largest temporary water area (sap pond) documented in spring 2023 in the southern part of the landslide is ca. 10 × 5 m large. The toe of the landslide reaches in places the Javorná Stream, and it is possibly partially eroded. Frequent springs were noticed in front of the headscarp of the landslide. The resistivity profile through the landslide shows the maximal thickness of the landslide body to be 16 m in the lower part of the slope. The body of the landslide is characterized by the zone of higher resistivity values with sharp shear surface which is clearly visible from the resistivity data. Radiocarbon dating of the sedimentary fill of the intracolluvial depression determined the minimum age of the landslide to be 2760 to 3290 ± 30 years BP.

Tectonic evolution of the South Tazin Lake shear zone; a major Arrowsmith-age (ca. 2.36 Ga) structure in the SW Rae craton, Laurentia

The Rae Province records the effects of multiple, staggered orogenies along both margins, leaving a complex record of tectonism within major crustal-scale shear zones. While the recently recognized 2.5–2.3 Ga Arrowsmith orogeny is now known to have affected a large tract of the western Rae, few related structures have been described. In this paper, we present the first detailed investigation of such a structure, the ‘South Tazin Lake shear zone’, localized along the Nolan-Zemlak lithotectonic domain boundary in the SW Rae. Multi-scale structural analysis undertaken herein documents the lithostructural zonation and strain progression across this structure and evaluates its context in the regional tectonic evolution. Strain intensity increases dramatically from north to south, with onset of thick, continuous intervals of protomylonite to ultramylonite toward and into a 3–5 km wide corridor that straddles the Nolan-Zemlak domain boundary and constitutes the core of the shear zone. New U-Pb zircon igneous crystallization ages are consistent with previous results for units across the Nolan-Zemlak domain boundary while 40Ar-39Ar thermochronology of hornblende and biotite provides temporal constraints on deformation and a more detailed thermal evolution than previous studies. An 40Ar-39Ar date of 2361 ± 12 Ma for hornblende overgrowing the sheared and recrystallized matrix in blastomylonitic rocks places a minimum age on D2 mylonitization. This, together with similar ages in the core of the shear zone from foliation-parallel hornblende, definitively links ductile shearing and the related S2 fabric along the South Tazin Lake shear zone with Arrowsmith orogenesis. Cooling rates suggest an initial accelerated phase (∼2360–2350 Ma) of post-Arrowsmith exhumation, but the absence of extensional shear-sense indicators implies control by structures outside of the immediate area; or masking by younger (Taltson-age) structures. This was likely followed by a much slower erosion-related (≤2.35 Ga) phase. All-told, the South Tazin Lake shear zone represents a significant Arrowsmith-age tectonic front that was reactivated only along its southern margin under ductile–brittle conditions during the ca. 1.93 Ga Taltson orogeny. These dual fronts were later transposed to the northeast in concert with deformation along the Black Bay fault during the ca. 1.90 Ga Snowbird orogeny.

The Dilemma and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency – Reflection on the Murder of a 13-year-old Boy in China

On March 10, 2024, a 13-year-old junior high school student in Handan City, Hebei Province, China was killed and buried by three classmates under the age of 14. The method of committing the crime was cruel and had a negative social impact, once again bringing topics such as "juvenile delinquency" and "lowering the age of criminal responsibility" to the hot search. Since entering the new era, with the rapid development of the social economy, minors have shown an overall trend of "precocious puberty". The problem of juvenile delinquency and violence has also become increasingly severe, causing adverse social impacts. According to data released by the Supreme People's Procuratorate of China, juvenile delinquency in China is characterized by a sharp increase in the number of crimes, a clear trend towards younger age groups, and cruel criminal methods. The Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law, which came into effect in March 2021, lowered the age of criminal responsibility and individually lowered the statutory minimum age of criminal responsibility to 12 years old. Therefore, this case may become the first case to hold young minors accountable for crimes after the age of criminal responsibility has been lowered, which is of great significance to the construction of the rule of law and judicial practice. In practice, we should clarify the situation of "heinous circumstances" stipulated in the Amendment to the Criminal Law (XI), and establish an independent juvenile justice system to comprehensively and effectively correct and prevent the misconduct and illegal behavior of minors, rather than simply lowering the age of criminal responsibility. At the same time, reduce excessive interference of online public opinion in judicial trials.

Breast Surgery in Adolescents: Cisgender Breast Reduction Versus Transgender and Nonbinary Chest Masculinization.

Both breast reduction surgery (BRS) in adolescent girls and chest masculinization surgery (CMS) transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals improve physical discomfort and psychological well-being. Nonetheless, CMS in adolescents is highly contested due to concerns regarding safety and capacity for consent. Here, we compare both procedures to quantify trends in incidence, minimum age, and surgical outcomes. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried from 2018 to 2021 for cisgender and TGNB adolescents 18 years or younger who underwent BRS or CMS. Our primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine if CMS was associated with postoperative complications. Of 2504 adolescents, the majority (n = 2186 [87.3%]) were cisgender female patients who underwent BRS, compared with TGNB adolescents (n = 318 [12.7%]) who underwent CMS. BRS patients were younger at time of surgery (mean [SD] 16.7 [1.2], 17.5 [0.9]; P < 0.001). The minimum age for BRS was consistently 2 to 3 years younger than that for CMS (12.1 to 12.6 years vs 14.0 to 15.1 years). A comparable frequency of BRS and CMS patients developed 1 or more complications within 30 days of surgery (n = 98 [4.5%], n = 13 [4.1%]; P = 0.775). Cisgender female adolescents undergo breast surgery at a 7-fold rate compared with TGNB adolescents and do so at significantly younger ages. Given the favorable effects of BRS and CMS on psychosocial well-being and their comparable surgical risk of complications, our data help recontextualize the concerns surrounding adolescent CMS.

Anticoagulant Medication in Endoprosthetically Treated Proximal Femur Fracture - Complications and Mortality Considering the Time of Treatment as a Quality Criterion.

There is an international debate on the optimal time to surgery following hip fracture in older patients. Pre-existing anticoagulation seems to be a major concern when it comes to a delay in operative fracture treatment. The aim of this study was to examine complication and mortality rates for elderly anticoagulated hip fracture patients considering early (<24h) vs. delayed (>24h) surgery.Our Analysis is based on data of the external inpatient quality assurance of North Rhine Westphalia as the most populous German federal state. We identified 13,201 hip fracture patients with antithrombotic medication and a minimum age of 65 years treated from January 2015 to December 2017.Delayed surgery was associated with significantly higher rates of general and surgical complications as well as mortality. Except for pre-existing heart failure, we were not able to identify certain comorbidities that could clearly indicate, why there might have been a delay.In most cases, patients with antithrombotic medication have a poor outcome to be expected due to serious comorbidity. If there was a delay in surgery for those patients, treatment results were even worse. Thus, surgery with a delay of >24h must be avoided to reduce the risk of complications.

Causes and clinical symptoms of anaphylactic reactions in children: implementation into clinical practice of the first Pediatric Moscow Anaphylaxis Registry in the Russian Federation

BACKGROUND: For a long time in the Russian Federation, there was a problem of the lack of registry of anaphylaxis, as the most important tool for recording and monitoring this group of patients. Since 2022, the first Pediatric Moscow Anaphylaxis Registry has started working at the Morozov Children's Hospital. AIM: Objectification and analysis of data from the Pediatric Moscow Anaphylaxis Registry to determine the frequency, causes and characteristics of anaphylaxis clinical symptoms among children of the Moscow region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The statistical analysis of the questionnaire data of the patient-oriented questionnaire of 69 children aged 0 to 18 years, who were prospectively included in the Register during emergency hospitalization due to anaphylaxis, was carried out. RESULTS: The incidence of anaphylaxis among children hospitalized with acute allergic reactions from May 2022 to September 2023 was 5.8%. A higher percentage of anaphylaxis episodes (38%) were observed among adolescents aged 13–18 years, three patients developed anaphylaxis in the first year of life (minimum age 1 month). Boys (70%) prevailed among patients with anaphylaxis under the age of 13, and girls (56%) prevailed among adolescents aged 13–18 (p=0.042). In 75%, anaphylaxis developed at home. For patients of all age groups, food anaphylaxis was dominant (75–91%). Tree nuts were the most common suspected trigger of food anaphylaxis ― 35% of reactions, and confectionery products in 17% of cases. With anaphylaxis, 56% of children experienced symptoms from four or more organ systems, the most common symptoms were from the skin/mucous (94%), respiratory organs (78%) and laryngeal symptoms (64%). At the stage of emergency medical care, the frequency of diagnosis of anaphylaxis was 22%, and the administration of epinephrine was 54%. The frequency of epinephrine use among children under 3 years of age was lower compared to adolescents aged 13–18 years (25% vs 76%, p=0.003) CONCLUSION: The data from the work of the first Pediatric Moscow Anaphylaxis Registry in the Russian Federation demonstrate a high incidence of anaphylaxis among patients with acute allergic reactions. More than 1/3 of anaphylactic reactions occur in adolescents aged 13–18 years, while anaphylaxis occurs even in the first month of life. Anaphylaxis most often develops at home, which dictates the special need for careful training of patients in the rules of elimination of the trigger. The dominant cause of anaphylaxis in children in the Russian Federation, regardless of age, are food allergens, tree nuts induce anaphylaxis in more than 1/3 of cases. The frequency of diagnosis of anaphylaxis at the stage of emergency medical care does not exceed 22%, administration of epinephrine ― 54%, minimal use of epinephrine is observed among children under 3 years of age.

The Interplay of Fiqh, Adat, and State Marriage Law: Shaping Legal Consciousness of Sasak Women

Sasak women grapple with a legal conundrum stemming from the coexistence of multiple marriage legal frameworks encompassing fiqh, adat, and state law. This intricate legal pluralism dynamically shapes the legal consciousness of Sasak women as they navigate the selection of legal avenues to secure legality and address their marital legal challenges. This study pursues two primary objectives: firstly, to examine the intricate interplay among fiqh, adat, and state marriage law concerning the provision of legal certainty and protection for Sasak women; secondly, to probe into the manifestations of legal consciousness arising from the plural marriage legal frameworks. Data were collected through document analysis, literature review, and in-depth interviews with selected Sasak women. The findings illuminate a dynamic interplay among fiqh, adat, and state marriage law across various marital facets, including prenuptial considerations, minimum marriage age, marriage prerequisites and pillars, marriage contracts, residency, polygamy, divorce, and reconciliation. Moreover, the study identifies three distinct forms of legal consciousness emerging among Sasak women: ‘before the law’ when confronting fiqh, ‘with the law’ when embracing formal legal mechanisms to address marital issues, and ‘against the law’ when eschewing formal legal provisions. In conclusion, state marriage laws are more progressive in providing legal certainty and protection for women but lacking criminal sanctions/fines weakens their position compared to religious law (fiqh) and customs (adat). Ultimately, this shapes the legal consciousness of Sasak women in diverse ways.

Correlation of Ultrasound to Mammogram in Breast Lesions by BIRADS Category

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The gold standard tool for screening breast cancer, mammography has limitations in some instances, such as patients with dense breast tissue. This study evaluates the correlation of Ultrasound (US) to mammography in breast lesions in BI-RADS. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital during 2019-2021. Women who referred to the radiology department for mammography with abnormalities appearing in their mammograms, with a minimum age of 40 and older, underwent ultrasonography. The results of mammography and US evaluations compared according to BI-RADS category. Statistical software SPSS was used to analyze the form data. Results: In this study, 156 women with a mean age of 48/9 years registered. The US reports were equivalent to mammographic BI-RADS category 2 in 23 cases. All the 26 patients with mammographic BI-RADS category were categorized into BI-RADS 2 by US. Among 43 lesions with BI-RADS category 4 and 21 with BI-RADS category 5, 90/6% and 95/2% of sonography reports were similar to mammography findings. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0/68, there is a correlation between the results of US and mammography in this study. Conclusion: This study reveals that US can be an excellent complement to mammography, particularly in identifying early-stage breast cancer in mammographic BI-RADS category 0 lesions. The mammographic-sonographic correlation should lead to more accurate diagnoses and better patient care.

Assessment of the impact of social media addiction on psychosocial behaviour like depression, stress, and anxiety in working professionals

ObjectiveSocial media (SM), with its addictive nature and the accompanying psychosocial challenges such as stress, anxiety, and depression, is the primary factor exacerbating mental health problems and adversely impacting individuals’ wellbeing. Our study’s goal was to determine how SM affects employees’ psychosocial behaviours and assess the various factors that contributed to the employee’s excessive use of SM.MethodsA cross-sectional correlational analysis was conducted. Using a relevant questionnaire on employees, the study was assessed to establish the relationship or association between SM addiction and psychosocial disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress. 200 people with a minimum age of 24 were enrolled in the study. The questionnaire contained the social networking addiction scale (SNAS) and the depression, anxiety, and stress-21 (DASS-21) scales; the data were statistically assessed.ResultsThe association between SM addiction and psychosocial behaviours has been examined using statistical tools including descriptive statistics and the Chi-square analysis. SM addiction has a strong, statistically significant correlation with depression (p = 0.001), stress (p = 0.001), and anxiety (p = 0.001).ConclusionThis study discovered a connection between SM use and depression, stress, and anxiety among working employees, raising questions regarding worries about overuse and addiction to SM. Various factors influencing excessive usage included revealed that employees also majorly over used SM for entertainment, boredom avoidance, constant knowledge sharing, and relationship-building.

Not too old to rock: ESR and OSL dating reveal Quaternary activity of the Periadriatic Fault in the Alps

The Periadriatic Fault system (PAF) ranks among the largest post-collisional structures of the European Alps. Recent geodetic data suggest that a fraction of the Adria–Europe convergence is still being accommodated in the Eastern Alps. However, the historical seismicity records along the easternmost segment of the PAF are ambiguous, and instrumental records indicate that seismotectonic deformation is mostly concentrated in the adjacent Southern Alps and Dinarides. Both electron spin resonance (ESR) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods can be used to date coseismic slip (with a combined range covering a few decades to a couple of million years) in slowly deforming fault zones, such as the PAF. Since the saturation doses of the quartz ESR signals are larger than quartz and feldspar OSL, ESR enables establishing a maximum age of the last resetting event of the system, while OSL allows constraining their minimum age when the signal is in saturation. We collected fault gouge samples from three localities along the easternmost segment of the PAF. For ESR, we measured the signals from the Al center in quartz comparing the results from the single aliquot additive dose (SAAD) and single aliquot regenerative (SAR) dose protocols. For OSL, we recorded the infrared stimulated luminescence signal at 50°C (IR50) and post-infrared infrared-stimulated luminescence signal at 225 °C (pIRIR225). Our dating results indicate that the studied segment of the PAF system accommodated seismotectonic deformation during the Quaternary, with a maximum age for the last resetting event of the system ranging from 1075 ± 48 to 552 ± 26 ka (ESR SAR) and minimum ages in the range from 196 ± 12 to 281 ± 16 ka (saturation of pIRIR225). The obtained ages suggest that the studied segment of the PAF could be considered at least as a potentially active fault.Graphical abstract