Minimal Retractions Research Articles

Manajemen Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Tumor Regio Pineal yang Menjalani Kraniotomi Pengangkatan Tumor dengan Posisi Duduk

Incidence of pineal regio tumor is 0.4-1% of intracranial tumors. Its location which is buried between two cerebral hemispheres, close to brainstem and hypothalamus become a difficult challenge for the neurosurgeon. Surgery with supracerebellar approach in sitting position is the best method to access the lesion. Sitting position also facilitates the optimal visual field with minimal retractions. However, for anesthesiologist, sitting position is challenging since it has its own complexities during positioning the patient and the risk of complications. Venous air embolism is one of the main concern and if not detected early and treated appropriately would leads to cardiovascular collapse instantly. This is a case of a 38-year-old male with chief complaint of severe headache and blurred vision started 4 months before admission. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a pineal region tumor with perifocal edema, without midline deviation. The patient underwent craniotomy tumor removal with sitting position. The procedure lasted for 10 hours and uneventful. The principle of ABCDE neuroanesthesia, sitting position and its implications, and difficult tumor location are some anesthesia considerations for this patient. A thorough preoperative evaluation, good communication and coordination between surgery and anesthesia team are needed for a smooth uneventful procedure performed in sitting position.

On Fuzzy Spheres in Fuzzy Lobachevsky Space and its Retractions

This paper attempts to introduce and study new connection between fuzzy retractions, fuzzy foldings and fuzzy deformation retracts of open fuzzy spheres in fuzzy Lobachevsky space and fuzzy open ball in fuzzy Euclidean space. Types of fuzzy foldings and fuzzy deformation retracts of fuzzy open sphere are discussed. Types of minimal fuzzy retractions of fuzzy open sphere are presented. The fuzzy foldings of fuzzy open sphere is deduced, also the limit of this folding is obtained. The connection between fuzzy foldings and fuzzy central projection map is achieved; also the connection between fuzzy retractions and fuzzy exponential map is discussed. Some applications are presented.

Foldings and Deformation Retractions of Hypercylinder

Our aim in the present work is to introduce and study new types of retractions of hypercylinder. Types of the deformation retracts of hypercylinder are presented. The relations between the folding and the deformation retract of hypercylinder are deduced. Types of minimal retractions of hypercylinder are introduced. Also, the isometric and topological folding in each case and the relation between the deformation retracts after and before folding are obtained. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. Theorems governing this connection are achieved.

On Retractions of Lobachevsky Space

Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of Lobachevsky space. Types of the deformation retracts of Lobachevsky space are presented. The relations between the folding and the deformation retract of Lobachevsky space are deduced. Types of minimal retractions of Lobachevsky space are also presented. Also, the isometric and topological folding in each case and the relation between the deformation retracts after and before folding have been obtained. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. Theorems governing this connection are achieved.

Fuzzy Retractions of Fuzzy Open Flat Robertson-Walker Space

Our aim in the present paper is to introduce and study new types of fuzzy retractions of fuzzy open flat Robertson-Walker model. New types of the fuzzy deformation retracts of model are obtained. The relations between the fuzzy foldings and the fuzzy deformation retracts of model are deduced. Types of fuzzy minimal retractions are also presented. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. New types of conditional fuzzy folding are presented. Some commutative diagrams are obtained.

Aortopulmonary Window With Pulmonary Atresia: A Very Rare Association

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation accounting for 0.1–0.2 % of all cardiac defects in live births [1]. When APW is combined with other cardiac malformations, diagnosis is a challenge [1]. A 27-day-old, full-term child with a birth weight of 2.3 kg, which is small for gestation age, presented on day 15 of life with history of feeding difficulty and features of congestive heart failure. The oxygen saturation was 90 %, and the child was tachypnic. The findings showed respiratory rates of 70 breaths/min with minimal retractions, tachycardia with heart rates of 160 beats/min, and significant hepatomegaly. There were no signs of extracardiac malformations. Echocardiography showed valvular pulmonary atresia, confluent and adequate-sized branch pulmonary arteries, right and left pulmonary arteries each 4.5 mm in size (expected size, 4 mm), nonrestricted perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) extending to the outlet muscular septum, bidirectional shunting, and a 5 mm fossa ovalis atrial septal defect with left-to-right shunting. The child had aortic override exceeding 50 %. The aortic arch was right sided with flow reversal in the arch. There was a large distal type anteroposterior window with laminar flow (Figs. 1, 2, 3). The differential diagnosis of a common arterial trunk type 1 could be ruled out as atretic pulmonary valve was clearly seen. Due to progressive signs of congestive heart failure despite adequate medical treatment, surgical correction was indicated and performed successfully. The findings were confirmed intraoperatively. In the setting of APW, pulmonary atresia remains a diagnostic challenge because the echocardiographic imaging of pulmonary atresia does not correspond to the clinical features of increased pulmonary blood flow. This particular setting should alert the clinician to investigate for an associated lesion such as APW. A case of APW in a fetus, with detection of pulmonary atresia, also has been reported. A diagnosis of APW associated with tetralogy of Fallot has been reported in 22 cases to date, seven of which had pulmonary atresia [2–5]. Most reported cases of isolated or combined forms of APW have been treated with surgery in infancy or later childhood. Therefore, early surgical intervention for complex lesions such as APW with additional intracardiac defects can be performed successfully in one step.

Foldings and Deformation Retract of Hyperhelix

Our aim in the present study is to introduce and study new types of retractions of hyperhelix in Minkowski space. Types of the deformation retracts of hyperhelix in Minkowski space were discussed. The relations between the foldings and the deformation retracts of hyperhelix in Minkowski space were deduced. Types of minimal retractions of hyperhelix in Minkowski space were obtained. Also, the connection between retractions and T, N, B, K and τ, of hyperhelix in Minkowski space were presented. New types of the minimal retractions and the end of the limits of foldings of hyperhelix in Minkowski space are deduced.

A Geometrical Characterization of Spatially Curved Roberstion-Walker Space and Its Retractions

Our aim in the present article is to introduce and study new types of retractions of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model. Types of the deformation retract of closed flat Robertson-Walker W4 model are obtained. The relations between the retraction and the deformation retract of curves in W4 model are deduced. Types of minimal retractions of curves in W4 model are also presented. Also, the isometric and topological folding in each case and the relation between the deformation retracts after and before folding have been obtained. New types of homotopy maps are deduced. New types of conditional folding are presented. Some commutative diagrams are obtained.

CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC CONFERENCE: PERSISTENT TACHYPNEA IN A 5-WEEK-OLD BOY

The patient was a 5-week-old male admitted with tachypnea and increased respiratory: distress. Mother noted increased cough and increased work of breathing. There was no fever, congestion, or nasal discharge. Prior to presenting to the emergency room, he was given a bronchodilator nebulizer treatment at home with no improvement. Two weeks prior to the current admission, he was hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit for approximately two weeks for similar complaints. Physical examination on the current admission was significant for minimal nasal flaring and mild subcostal retractions, with intermittent oxygen requirement. Infectious workup was negative.

On zero dimensional space and its retraction

There are different types of dimensions like Hausdorff dimension, covering dimension, iterative dimension and embedding dimension, and recently fractal dimension. Among these dimensions we will introduce the zero-dimension which is the smallest dimension, we can deal with it. We know dim x=−1 if x= φ. In this paper, we will discuss the concept of retraction and folding of zero dimension space and the relation between them. Theorems which gone runs between the end of the limits of foldings and minimal retractions will be achieved.

ON MINIMAL DISPLACEMENT PROBLEM AND RETRACTIONS OF BALLS ONTO SPHERES

ON MINIMAL DISPLACEMENT PROBLEM AND RETRACTIONS OF BALLS ONTO SPHERES

ON MINIMAL DISPLACEMENT PROBLEM AND RETRACTIONS OF BALLS ONTO SPHERES

We present here various facts and examples concerning the evaluation of the minimal displacement d(T ) = inf kT x i xk for some classes of Lipschitz self mappings of balls in Banach spaces