Mini Library Research Articles

Developing Reading Literacy through Parent–Teacher Partnership Program in Indonesian Primary Schools

The purpose of this paper was to explore the reading literacy programs of Indonesian primary schools and examine the parent–teacher collaborations in dealing with the students’ reading literacy development in Bahasa Indonesia. Eight teachers with an average of five-year teaching experience from two primary schools and forty-six parents of four-grade students were interviewed to investigate the reading literacy practices and parent–teacher collaborations. The study revealed that the reading literacy practices in the investigated classroom or at school levels include 15-minute reading before the lesson, story-sharing, book content rewriting, and book summary writing. Book swap or book exchange program, classroom mini library, and weekly library visit some activities used to facilitate the students’ reading development. Regarding the parent–teacher partnership in facilitating or monitoring students’ reading literacy development, parent–teacher conferences (where teachers and parents discussed issues regarding students’ behaviour, progress and achievement), parenting and literacy workshops and outreach activities were conducted. In addition, parent–teacher communication books and parent–teacher online social media groups were also found to be effective and efficient in monitoring and developing students’ reading literacy. All teachers generally agreed that active parental support towards children’s education brought about children’s academic achievement. Some challenges in literacy development and their pedagogical implication at the primary education level were also discussed.
 Keywords: reading literacy, reading development, parent-teacher partnership

RUMAH BACA PELANGI IBRAHIMY DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI DESA KEDUNGREJO MUNCAR BANYUWANGI

“Rumah Baca Pelangi Ibrahimy” is a mini library initiated by Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Ibrahimy Genteng Banyuwangi students holding internship in 2020 at Kedungrejo Village, Muncar. The target of this program is the school-age children in Kedungrejo Village, Muncar. It is a comfortable and educational public space for school-age children to make them easily obtain sources of reading, knowledge, and insights from provided books, in order to improve reading’s interest especially the school-age children in this village. Methods used in this program are transparency, accountability, responsibility, independency, and fairness.

Off-the-Shelf, Immune-Compatible Human Embryonic Stem Cells Generated Via CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold promise in regenerative medicine but allogeneic immune rejections caused by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) remain a barrier to their clinical applications. Here, we used a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HLA-editing strategy to generate a variety of HLA homozygous-like hESC lines from pre-established hESC lines. We edited four pre-established HLA-heterozygous hESC lines and created a mini library of 14 HLA-edited hESC lines in which single HLA-A and HLA-B alleles and both HLA-DR alleles are disrupted. The HLA-edited hESC derivatives elicited both low T cell- and low NK cell-mediated immune responses. Our library would cover about 40% of the Asian-Pacific population. We estimate that HLA-editing of only 19 pre-established hESC lines would give rise to 46 different hESC lines to cover 90% of the Asian-Pacific population. This study offers an opportunity to generate an off-the-shelf HLA-compatible hESC bank, available for immune-compatible cell transplantation, without embryo destruction.Graphical

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Dibenzo-[b,f][1,5]diazocine Derivatives for Photocatalytic Water Splitting Applications

Photocatalytic water splitting converts solar energy to storable hydrogen molecules which has the highest energy per mass. Most catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting utilize noble metals or precious metals. Organic photocatalysts are attracting more attention owing to several advantages like light weight, low cost, defined structure and tunability. In this study, the synthesis of several dibenzo[b,f][1,5]- diazocines via microwave irradiation for water splitting application is reported. Microwave irradiation facilitates fast, safe and simple synthesis in green reaction conditions. Mini library of dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines were created in order to understand substituents effect on the photocatalytic activity.

Investigation of the invitro and invivo efficacy of peptoid-based HDAC inhibitors with dual-stage antiplasmodial activity.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified as emerging antiplasmodial drug targets. In this work, we report on the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, metabolic stability and invivo efficacy of new peptoid-based HDAC inhibitors with dual-stage antiplasmodial activity. A mini library of HDAC inhibitors was synthesized using a one-pot, multi-component protocol or submonomer pathways. The screening of the target compounds for their activity against asexual blood stage parasites, human cell cytotoxicity, liver stage parasites, and selected human HDAC isoforms provided important structure-activity relationship data. The most promising HDAC inhibitor from this series, compound 3n, demonstrated potent activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant asexual stage P.falciparum parasites and was selective for the parasite versus human cells (Pf3D7 IC50 0.016 μM; SIHepG2/Pf3D7 573; PfDd2 IC50 0.002 μM; SIHepG2/PfDd2 4580) combined with activity against P.berghei exoerythrocytic liver stages (PbEEF IC50 0.48 μM). While compound 3n displayed high stability in human (Clint 5 μL/min/mg) and mouse (Clint 6 μL/min/mg) liver microsomes, only modest oral invivo efficacy was observed in P.berghei infected mice. Together these data provide a foundation for future work to improve the properties of these dual-stage inhibitors as drug leads for malaria.

Off-the-Shelf, Immune-Compatible Human Embryonic Stem Cells Generated Via CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold promise in regenerative medicine but allogeneic immune rejections caused by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) remain a barrier to their clinical applications. Here, we used a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HLA-editing strategy to generate a variety of HLA homozygous-like hESC lines from pre-established hESC lines. We edited four pre-established HLA-heterozygous hESC lines and created a mini library of 14 HLA-edited hESC lines in which single HLA-A and HLA-B alleles and both HLA-DR alleles are disrupted. The HLA-edited hESC derivatives elicited both low T cell- and low NK cell-mediated immune responses. Our library would cover about 40% of the Asian-Pacific population. We estimate that HLA-editing of only 19 pre-established hESC lines would give rise to 46 different hESC lines to cover 90% of the Asian-Pacific population. This study offers an opportunity to generate an off-the-shelf HLA-compatible hESC bank, available for immune-compatible cell transplantation, without embryo destruction.

Sequencing [3+2]-cycloaddition and multicomponent reactions: A regioselective microwave-assisted synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles using ionic liquid supported Cu(II) precatalysts in methanol

Heterocyclic compounds with two to three nitrogen atoms play a pivotal role in the normal life cycle of a cell. Further the design and synthesis of a quality heterocyclic compound library with N-atoms as new chemical probes active, is vital in drug discovery. In this context, an efficient one-pot multicomponent strategy for the synthesis of a mini library of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles is described. This new multicomponent one-pot method features a combination of ionic liquid supported Cu(II) precatalysts in methanol catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition with microwave irradiation reactions. The synthetic manipulation involved the efficient reduction of ionic liquid supported Cu(II) catalyst by methanol followed by [3+2] cycloaddition with alkynes using in situ generated azides to obtain 1,2,3-triazoles regioselectively.

Pendampingan Masyarakat Dusun Lidah Wetan dalam Pelestarian Budaya Literasi dengan Pembuatan Perpustakaan Mini dan Taman Baca di Surabaya

villages in Surabaya that has a very dense population. In this digital era, children and young people are less aware of the need to read. In the tongue, teenagers are not so concerned with learning. Bhayangkara University in Surabaya held a Community Service program which took place in the Lidah Wetan Hamlet, Lakarsantri District, Surabaya City. With the theme "Preserving Literacy Culture". The program is inseparable from the vision and mission of local village officials. With the mini library created by Community Service Team, Bhayangkara University is expected to increase the enthusiasm and interest in reading in the surrounding community. This mini library provides a variety of books ranging from children's story books, learning books to read, learning books to write, learning books to draw, school materials, to religious nuances books and other books (food recipes, fiction stories, etc.). Some programs are directed at encouraging children's potential in reading culture and fostering youthful enthusiasm in organizing. Nowadays many young people are trying to challenge Karangtaruna. Several agendas are designed to solve these problems.

Synthesis of a Hexavalent Betulinic Acid Derivative as a Hemagglutinin-Targeted Influenza Virus Entry Inhibitor

Naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes, such as betulinic acid (BA) and its derivatives, exhibit various pharmaceutical activities and have been the subject of great interest, in particular for their antiviral properties. Here, we found a new anti-influenza virus conjugate, hexakis 6-deoxy-6-[4-N-(3β-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oate)aminomethyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-2,3-di-O-acetyl-α-cyclodextrin (CYY1-11, 1), in a mini library of pentacyclic triterpene-cyclodextrin conjugates by performing a cell-based screening assay and then exploring the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that conjugate 1 possessed a high-level activity against the influenza virus A/WSN/33 with an IC50 value of 5.20 μM (SI > 38.4). The study of the mechanism of action indicated that conjugate 1 inhibited viral replication by directly targeting the influenza hemagglutinin protein (KD = 1.50 μM), thus efficiently preventing the attachment of the virion to its receptors on host cells and subsequent infection. This study suggests that multivalent BA derivatives have possible use as a new class of influenza virus entry inhibitors.

Sequencing [4 + 1]-Cycloaddition and Aza-Michael Addition Reactions: A Diastereoselective Cascade for the Rapid Access of Pyrido[2',1':2,3]/Thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[1,5-a]quinolone Scaffolds as Potential Antibacterial and Anticancer Motifs.

The design and synthesis of a quality compound library containing a small number of skeletally diverse scaffolds, whose members rapidly deliver new chemical probes active against multiple phenotypes, is paramount in drug discovery. In this context, an efficient one-pot strategy for the synthesis of a mini library of sp3-enriched hexahydropyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[1,5-a]quinolinium and hexahydrothiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[1,5-a]quinolinium architectures, is described. This new one-pot method features a combination of Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed [4 + 1]-cycloaddition with aza-Michael addition reactions. The cascade results in a rapid and diastereoselective formation of these scaffolds via desymmetrization of the oxidative dearomatization products of phenols. Phenotypic screening of the mini library against multiple drug-resistant bacteria and a panel of cancer cell lines identified potential antibacterial and anticancer lead drug candidates. Further investigation of the anticancer leads, indicated by their activity as tubulin-polymerization inhibitors, represents a promising approach for cancer therapy.

Position of lipidation influences anticancer activity of Smac analogs.

A small group of lipid-conjugated Smac mimetics was synthesized to probe the influence of the position of lipidation on overall anti-cancer activity. Specifically, new compounds were modified with lipid(s) in position 3 and C-terminus. Previously described position 2 lipidated analog M11 was also synthesized. The resulting mini library of Smacs lipidated in positions 2, 3 and C-terminus was screened extensively in vitro against a total number of 50 diverse cancer cell lines revealing that both the position of lipidation as well as the type of lipid, influence their anti-cancer activity and cancer type specificity. Moreover, when used in combination therapy with inhibitor of menin-MLL1 protein interactions, position 2 modified analog SM2 showed strong synergistic anti-cancer properties. The most promising lipid-conjugated analogs SM2 and SM6, showed favorable pharmacokinetics and in vivo activity while administered subcutaneously in the preclinical mouse model. Collectively, our findings suggest that lipid modification of Smacs may be a viable approach in the development of anti-cancer therapeutic leads.

PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI DESA SIAGA AKTIF DAN PENGOLAHAN PERTANIAN DI WILAYAH TERPENCIL DESA NANGA ANSAR SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN DERAJAT KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

West Kalimantan Health Index occupies the 28th rank of 33 Provinces across Indonesia, while Sekadau District ranks 12th out of 14 districts in West Kalimantan. This indicates that the Sekadau Regency is one of the districts that need to be considered for the development of all sectors. Setuntung and Nanga Ansar Village are two farthest and isolated village in Sakadau. The purpose of KKN-PPM implementation in Setuntung and Nanga Ansar Village was empower the community through the development of active 'Desa Siaga' and the economic sector, especially the processing of snakefruit, banana, and fishery as well as the increase of home reading activities. Implementation of activities in June-August 2016. The results showed succesful implementation of activities in health, economic, and education sectors. In helath sector, we succesfully managed an active 'Desa Siaga', formed posyandu cadres, exhibited assistant nutrition classes in infants and pregnant women in posyandu, initiated of family, schools, and households waste processing. In the economic field, we improved agricultural and fisheris productions, namely snakefruit and fishery, catfish nugget, and pekasam. In the field of education, we formed a mini library and its cadres. Therefore, the coorperation among Belitang Government, Setuntung Village, Nanga Ansar Villages, and universities need to establish so that guidance and development of this activity is sustainable. Keywords: society empowerment, remote area, agricultures, fisheries ‘Desa Siaga’ Management

Stepping Library-Based Post-SELEX Strategy Approaching to the Minimized Aptamer in SPR.

When evolved from SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), aptamers are generally about 70-130 nucleotides in length and needed to be effectively truncated for further diagnosis or therapeutic uses. Post-SELEX optimization is then aroused to simplify the aptamer sequence and improve the affinity property. In this work, we report a new post-SELEX strategy based on a stepping library for the first time. With a hypothesis that one nucleobase can influence the whole binding affinity through its adjacent base stacking and potential steric hydrogen bonding interaction, we designed a stepping library composed of all probable nucleotide truncation directions. We employed an aptamer 807-39nt toward EPO-α as a model, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as an efficient screening and evaluation method to optimize all label-free sequences in the library. We have successfully picked out In27 as the minimized aptamer from a mini library of only 35 sequences. Aptamer In27 has a sole loop, without the original stem portion of the initial aptamer, but retains the whole binding affinity. We have also defined the key nucleotide contribution by site mutagenesis with natural bases, and finally produced a degenerated sequence with higher or the same good affinities. Furthermore, we explored different binding behaviors between aptamer In27 and other recognition molecule such as agglutinin, monoclonal antibody, or receptor by competition or binding assays. Our work provides a new and efficient post-SELEX optimization strategy, as well as a minimized aptamer In27 with an explicit degenerated sequence and a defined binding behavior. That would enhance their great potential in future diagnosis and therapy.

Pemberdayaan IPM Melalui Perpustakaan Mini Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Produktivitas Baca-Tulis di Kapas Madya Baru Surabaya

Library is the most important thing in sharpening youth knowledge. So as a strategy in order to form productivity mabaca and nenulis juveniles. Because adolescents with their sensitivity are very sensitive to the environment so it triggers the juvenile delinquency. Therefore, this dedication is carried out during the one-month time allocation through the procurement of multi-source mini libraries that are established through the form of training or workshops that are teenagers strategic in the formation of the growth of literacy productivity. The results obtained show that the formation of reading and writing culture through multi-source library conducted with the guidance of inten. Workshops or reading and writing skills can make it easier for youth IPM to give creativity and innovation. So denagan kegitan like that a bit much can minimize juvenile delinquency. Therefore, the need to hold a mini library in a mosque with activities of literacy and adolescent literacy should be done in a sustainable manner.

Identification of the First Marine-Derived Opioid Receptor "Balanced" Agonist with a Signaling Profile That Resembles the Endorphins.

Opioid therapeutics are excellent analgesics, whose utility is compromised by dependence. Morphine (1) and its clinically relevant derivatives such as OxyContin (2), Vicodin (3), and Dilaudid (4) are "biased" agonists at the μ opioid receptor (OR), wherein they engage G protein signaling but poorly engage β-arrestin and the endocytic machinery. In contrast, endorphins, the endogenous peptide agonists for ORs, are potent analgesics, show reduced liability for tolerance and dependence, and engage both G protein and β-arrestin pathways as "balanced" agonists. We set out to determine if marine-derived alkaloids could serve as novel OR agonist chemotypes with a signaling profile distinct from morphine and more similar to the endorphins. Screening of 96 sponge-derived extracts followed by LC-MS-based purification to pinpoint the active compounds and subsequent evaluation of a mini library of related alkaloids identified two structural classes that modulate the ORs. These included the following: aaptamine (10), 9-demethyl aaptamine (11), demethyl (oxy)-aaptamine (12) with activity at the δ-OR (EC50: 5.1, 4.1, 2.3 μM, respectively) and fascaplysin (17), and 10-bromo fascaplysin (18) with activity at the μ-OR (EC50: 6.3, 4.2 μM respectively). An in vivo evaluation of 10 using δ-KO mice indicated its previously reported antidepressant-like effects are dependent on the δ-OR. Importantly, 17 functioned as a balanced agonist promoting both G protein signaling and β-arrestin recruitment along with receptor endocytosis similar to the endorphins. Collectively these results demonstrate the burgeoning potential for marine natural products to serve as novel lead compounds for therapeutic targets in neuroscience research.

Rational design and diversity-oriented synthesis of peptoid-based selective HDAC6 inhibitors.

A mini library of HDAC inhibitors with peptoid-based cap groups was synthesized using an efficient multicomponent approach. Four compounds were identified as potent HDAC6 inhibitors with a selectivity over other HDAC isoforms. The most potent HDAC6 inhibitor revealed remarkable chemosensitizing properties and completely reverted the cisplatin resistance in Cal27 CisR cells.

Quinolines Formation by Condensation of Heteroaromatic Ketones and 2‐Aminobenzophenones under MW Irradiation

Microwave (MW) irradiation facilitated synthesis provides fast, safe, simple, and green reaction conditions. MW irradiation of 2‐aminobenzophenones with heteroaromatic ketones afforded quinolines via Friedlander condensation in high yields with intact halogen substituents for further modifications. Dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines were found as minor products and in some instances as the only products as the result of self‐condensation of 2‐aminobenzophenones. Different acid catalysts were found to affect these cyclization processes. Mini library of quinolines and dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines were created in order to understand the substituents effect on the reaction. Resultant quinolines and dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines are anticipated to serve as an interesting library for high throughput screening of various biological applications.

Small-scale screening program for the identification of cytotoxic Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives based on Whole Cell Viability Assay

For over last couple of decades, there has been a robust activity aimed towards the discovery of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. An approach to identify starting points for new drug candidates is high throughput screening of compound library collection. In this work, we describe the application of a Tetrazolium-based, 96-well small scale screening assay to screen a mini library of 19 compounds bearing Oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine structures against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Primary actives identified against HUVEC were retested and the IC50 value compounds were estimated for HUVEC. The screening program (Primary screening) identified 4 compounds with inhibition rate percentage ≥ 70% each. Retest screening of these compounds, taking into account criteria required for high cytotoxic compounds, afforded a panel of 1 compound for further biological analysis. This compound had IC50 value of 12.19µM, 12.16µM, 10.24µM, 20.43µM for HUVECs, SGC7901, MCF7, and HeLa respectively. Furthermore, a clonogenic assay was performed in order to confirm the cytotoxic activity of the selected compound on the survival and proliferation of MCF7. This compound was found to significantly effect the survival and proliferation of MCF7. Taken together, the selected compound, namely SCYJ32, was found to be highly cytotoxic against the numerous cell lines. Further studies are ongoing in order to unravel various mechanisms of action of this novel small compound.

Enhancing the Efficiency and Regioselectivity of P450 Oxidation Catalysts by Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis

The development of effective strategies for modulating the reactivity and selectivity of cytochrome P450 enzymes represents a key step toward expediting the use of these biocatalysts for synthetic applications. We have investigated the potential of unnatural amino acid mutagenesis to aid efforts in this direction. Four unnatural amino acids with diverse aromatic side chains were incorporated at 11 active-site positions of a substrate-promiscuous CYP102A1 variant. The resulting "uP450s" were then tested for their catalytic activity and regioselectivity in the oxidation of two representative substrates: a small-molecule drug and a natural product. Large shifts in regioselectivity resulted from these single mutations, and in particular, for para-acetyl-Phe substitutions at positions close to the heme cofactor. Screening this mini library of uP450s enabled us to identify P450 catalysts for the selective hydroxylation of four aliphatic positions in the target substrates, including a C(sp(3))-H site not oxidized by the parent enzyme. Furthermore, we discovered a general activity-enhancing effect of active-site substitutions involving the unnatural amino acid para-amino-Phe, which resulted in P450 catalysts capable of supporting the highest total turnover number reported to date on a complex molecule (34,650). The functional changes induced by the unnatural amino acids could not be reproduced by any of the 20 natural amino acids. This study thus demonstrates that unnatural amino acid mutagenesis constitutes a promising new strategy for improving the catalytic activity and regioselectivity of P450 oxidation catalysts.

An Exploration of the Benefits of an Indigenous Community Learning Center's Mini-school library

The purpose of this study was to discuss the benefits of the "lumad" (self-ascription and collective identity of the indigenous peoples of Mindanao, Philippines) school mini library. Additionally, the results of this study will aid the further research of indigenous people's (IP) perspective at the primary school (first six grades) in achieving higher self-esteem levels and increased literacy through the community learning centers' mini-school library.