Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Research Articles

Impact of different disinfection protocols on the bond strength of NeoMTA 2 bioceramic sealer used as a root canal apical plug (in vitro study)

IntroductionTreatment of an immature permanent tooth required a special disinfection protocol due to the presence of thin radicular walls, which are prone to fracture. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been proposed as a root repair material for root canal treatment. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the push-out bond strength of conventional White MTA cements and second generation NeoMTA 2 in imitated immature roots treated with different disinfection protocols, which are 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and NaOCl, followed by 20% etidronic acid (HEBP).MethodsThe root canals of freshly extracted single-root teeth were manually prepared until 90 K-file to imitate immature roots. Roots were randomly divided into four groups (G) according to the disinfection protocol (n = 15 per group). where G1 (NaOCl + EDTA + White MTA) and G2 (NaOCl + EDTA + NeoMTA 2) While G3 (NaOCl + HEBP + White MTA) and G4 (NaOCl + HEBP + NeoMTA 2) All groups were activated with manual agitation. All specimens were incubated for 48 h. The apical third of each root was perpendicularly sectioned to attain a slice of 3 mm thickness. Push-out bond strength values were assessed using a two-way ANOVA and a Student’s t test.ResultsG3 and G4 that were treated with HEPB showed higher significant push-out bond strength mean values than G1 and G2 treated with an EDTA chelating agent. Irrespective of the chelating agent used, it was found that both NeoMTA 2 and White MTA had no significant influence on push-out bond strength mean values (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThe combined use of 5.25% NaOCl and 20% HEBP increased the push-out strength values of both NeoMTA 2 and White MTA, rendering them suitable to be used as an alternative chelating agent to EDTA.

Re-evaluation of Microhardness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine After Removal From Root Using Different Types of Solvents: An In Vitro Study.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different solvents on the microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, which are used in endodontic therapy for their biocompatibility and ability to create a hermetic seal. Methods A total of 150 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected and sectioned into 4 mm slices. The samples were divided into two groups according to the material used: MTA and Biodentine. Then the samples were incubated at 37°C and 100% humidity for 28 days. After that, 15 MTA and Biodentinesampleseach were sent for microhardness test and the remaining samples were subdivided into four subgroups according to the solvent used, i.e., treated with normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 10% citric acid, or 40% hydrofluoric acid. The microhardness of the upper and lower surfaces of the samples was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester. Results The average microhardness values for Biodentine and MTA were found to be 74.4 HV and 69.9 HV, respectively. Treatment with sodium hypochlorite, citric acid, and hydrofluoric acid significantly reduced the microhardness of both materials. Hydrofluoric acid had the most pronounced effect, followed by citric acid and sodium hypochlorite. Statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) 'F' test showed highly significant differencesbetween the groups. Discussion The study demonstrated that solvents such as hydrofluoric acid, citric acid, and sodium hypochlorite effectively reduced the microhardness of MTA and Biodentine, facilitating their removal during retreatment. This reduction in microhardness is attributed to the chemical interactions of the solvents with the materials, leading to disintegration and reduced structural integrity. Conclusion Biodentine had greater microhardness compared to MTA, and hydroflouric acid reduced the microhardness to a greater extentcompared to other solvents.

Comparative evaluation of blood contamination on the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and bone cement in furcation perforation repair: An in vitro study

ABSTRACT Aim: This in vitro study was designed to compare the effect of blood contamination on the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and bone cement. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight human mandibular molars with furcation were selected and decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. The samples were mounted 3 mm below the furcation area into the acrylic resin. A perforation in the center of the furcation was made using a round carbide bur size 3 with a diameter of 1.2 mm. Then, the perforation was enlarged up to a standardized diameter of 1.3 mm using a size 5 Gates-Glidden drill. The samples were randomly divided into three groups. Based on blood contamination status, each group (n = 26) was further subdivided into two subgroups (n = 13). Whole fresh human blood was obtained from the principal investigator of the research group. A 27-gauge syringe was used to inject blood into the perforated furcal area. A piece of gelatin was packed under the furcal area using a condenser. MTA, Biodentine, and bone cement were mixed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and compacted into the perforation. A universal testing machine was used to evaluate the push-out bond strength. Statistical Analysis: The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results: In the experimental groups with blood contamination, Group 2A exhibited statistically significant push-out bond strength values compared with Group 1A and Group 3A. In the groups without blood contamination, Group 2B showed statistically significant push-out bond strength values compared with Group 1B and Group 3B. Irrespective of the blood contamination status, Group 3 exhibited higher push-out bond strength values than Group 1, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. No significant difference was observed within the groups. Conclusion: Biodentine showed promising results as a better perforation repair material irrespective of the status of blood contamination. Bone cement can be a viable alternative material for furcation perforation repair compared with MTA.

Evaluation of microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine as apical barriers in simulated young permanent teeth

BackgroundApexification is a procedure that promotes apical closure by forming mineralized tissue in the apex region of a nonvital young permanent tooth. Calcium silicate-based cement like Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are commonly employed as apical barriers to facilitate this process. Microleakage, defined as the leakage along the junction between the canal wall and filling material, is a crucial aspect to assess in MTA and Biodentine applications as apical barriers, as it directly impacts the prevention of bacterial seepage and maintenance of structural integrity. The current study aims to assess the microleakage of MTA and Biodentine when used as apical barriers in simulated young permanent teeth.MethodsFrom a total of 128 extracted teeth, 114 were selected for the study and randomly allocated into three groups: G1 (MTA), G2 (Biodentine), and G3 (Control), with 38 teeth per group. After excluding 5 teeth from each group due to issues such as canal calcification, breakage during sectioning, and procedural errors, 33 teeth were analyzed to ensure equal distribution. To simulate young permanent teeth, samples were instrumented using a person-reamer with a diameter of 1.7 mm. A 4 mm thick apical plug of MTA and Biodentine was placed in G1 and G2, respectively, while G3 was the control group. Apical microleakage in all experimental groups was assessed using a dye penetration method. Specimens were longitudinally sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope with graded eyepiece.ResultsThe Kruskal-Wallis test revealed variations in mean apical microleakage among the groups: G1 recorded 0.67, G2–0.16, and G3–1.62, with G2 showing the lowest value and G3 group exhibiting the highest.ConclusionsBiodentine was found to excel in its ability to create a secure seal and function effectively as an apical barrier in simulated young permanent teeth. These results underscore its potential as a highly efficient material for dental applications, particularly in scenarios requiring reliable sealing and barrier formation in the root canal system of developing permanent teeth.

Biocompatibility and antimicrobial effect of demineralised dentin matrix hydrogel for dental pulp preservation.

Regeneration of dentin and preserving pulp vitality are essential targets for vital pulp therapy. Our study aimed to evaluate a novel biomimetic pulp capping agent with increased dentin regenerative activities. To produce demineralised dentin matrix (DDM) particles, human extracted teeth were ground and treated with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid solution. DDM particles were added to sodium alginate and this combination was dripped into a 5% calcium chloride to obtain DDM hydrogel (DDMH). The eluants of both DDMH and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) were tested using an MTT assay to detect their cytotoxic effect on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Collagen-I (COL-I) gene expression was analysed on DPSC exposed to different dilutions of pulp capping material eluants by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Acridine orange staining was used to monitor the cell growth over the tested materials. Agar diffusion assay was utilised to test the antibacterial effect of DDMH and MTA compared to controls. MTT assay revealed that neat eluates of DDMH promoted DPSC viability. However, neat eluates of MTA were cytotoxic on DPSC after 72h of culture. Moreover, DPSC were capable of growth and attached to the surface of DDMH, while they showed a marked reduction in their number when cultured on the MTA surface for one week, as shown by the acridine orange stain. In DPSC cultured with DDMH eluates, the COL-I gene was overexpressed compared to those cultured with MTA eluants. DDMH had significant antimicrobial activity in comparison to MTA after 24h incubation. This in vitro study showed that DDMH could be an alternative pulp capping agent for regenerative endodontics.

Marginal adaptation of customized gutta percha cone with calcium silicate based sealer versus MTA and biodentine apical plugs in simulated immature permanent teeth (an in vitro study)

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of a single customized gutta percha cone with calcium silicate-based sealer versus mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine apical plugs in simulated immature permanent teeth.MethodsThirty-nine extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were selected, prepared to simulate immature permanent teeth with an apical diameter 1.1 mm, placed in moist foam and divided into three groups. Group 1: Obturation with a single customized gutta percha cone and calcium silicate sealer. Group 2: MTA apical plug. Group 3: Biodentine apical plug. After incubation, teeth were horizontally sectioned at 1 mm and 3 mm from the apex and marginal adaptation was evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultsBiodentine showed the least mean gap size at both 1 and 3 mm from the apex with no statistically significant differences compared to MTA (p > 0.05). The single customized cone with calcium silicate based sealer showed the greatest mean gap size at both 1 and 3 mm from the apex with a statistically significant difference compared to the other groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionBiodentine and MTA apical plugs provide a significantly better marginal adaptation to the dentinal walls than a single customized gutta percha cone with calcium silicate based sealer in simulated immature permanent teeth.

Comparing the technical quality and clinical outcomes of root canal treatment on immature permanent incisors in children: a retrospective evaluation of three bioceramic plug materials.

To assess the technical quality and clinical outcomes of non-surgical endodontic treatment of immature permanent incisor teeth with three different bioceramic plug materials and highlight variables which may influence treatment and quality outcomes. This cross-sectional analysis forms part of a retrospective service evaluation of the technical quality and clinical outcome of orthograde root canal treatment carried out in the Paediatric Dentistry Department of Charles Clifford Dental Hospital (United Kingdom). Twenty-five cases were identified chronologically, using the electronic patient record system, for three bioceramic plug materials: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and TotalFill Putty. All radiographs were analysed using standard conditions. Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was calculated using Kappa and weighted Kappa tests. Data were collected using a data collection tool, entered into Microsoft Excel, and analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory analysis with Chi-squared tests, and multivariable analyses (logistic regression). At 12-month review, the success rate for each apexification material was MTA (84%), Biodentine (88%), and TotalFill Putty (92%). MTA had the highest frequency of post-operative coronal discolouration, with Biodentine most associated with apical extrusion. A number of variables and trends that affect the clinical outcome were identified, including the presence of pre-operative resorption, the number of operators involved in treatment, the number of appointments to complete treatment, as well as how non-use of local anaesthetic during apical plug placement had no adverse effect on technical quality or clinical outcome. MTA, Biodentine, and TotalFill Putty are highly effective apexification materials which produce excellent clinical outcomes. As such, logistical and situational factors, such as continuity of care from operators with increased levels of experience, skill and ability, rather than material choice, may be more prognostic regarding the technical quality and clinical outcome of immature endodontic treatment. Further high-quality evidence is required.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Various Irrigating Solutions on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: A successful endodontic treatment is ba¬sed on combination of adequate instrumentation, irrigation and obturation of canal system. The objectives of endodontic irrigants are lubrication of root canal, removal of microorganisms, pulp, dentinal remnants and dissolution of tissues. The objective of root-end filling is establishment of proper apical hermetic seal. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of various irrigating solutions on push-out bond strength of Biodentine and Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Materials and Method: Sixty-four extracted human single rooted teeth were decoronated 1.5-2 mm coronal to cemento-enamel junction. The root canals were prepared and divided into four groups (n=16): Group I- Normal Saline (Control group), Group II- Triple antibiotic solution, Group III- 2% Chlorhexidine, Group IV- Morinda citrifolia solution. Mid root dentin was sectioned horizontally and irrigated further with respective irrigating solutions for 5 minutes and divided into 2 subgroups: Subgroup A- Biodentine and Subgroup B- MTA. The root-end filling material was incrementally placed and embedded in acrylic blocks. Samples were tested for push-out bond strength using universal testing machine. Results: The highest push-out bond strength was shown by 2% Chlorhexidine group when used with Biodentine and lowest when normal saline was used with Biodentine. Conclusion: All experimental irrigating solutions increased the push-out bond strength of MTA and Biodentine.

Effect of calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide nanoparticles used as intracanal drugs after manual and ultrasonic removal on the bond strength of a new sealer with a pozzolan base (Endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate)

ABSTRACT Aim: The adhesion ability of filling materials to the root canal wall can be affected by the intracanal medicaments. The present study investigated the effect of pretreatment with nano-calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide on the bond strength of Endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: Fifty maxillary incisor teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 20) and a control group (n = 10) after decoronation near the cementoenamel junction and root canal instrumentation according to the type of intracanal medicament (calcium hydroxide and nano-calcium hydroxide). Each experimental group was divided into two subgroups based on manual and ultrasonic drug removal methods. After removing intracanal medicaments and irrigating them, all the groups were obturated with gutta-percha and Endoseal MTA sealer. Then, the samples were sectioned into cross-sections with a thickness of 2 mm using a diamond disc, and the push-out bond strength test was performed on them. Results: The results showed no significant difference in the mean Endoseal MTA bond strength in terms of the type of intracanal medicament and the method used to remove it from the canal (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Using the ultrasonic method compared to the manual method in removing intracanal medicament resulted in no significant difference in the strength of the Endoseal MTA bond. Furthermore, the effect of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide on Endoseal MTA bond strength was not different compared to the conventional type of this medication.

Comparative Analysis of Calcium and Hydroxyl Ion Release from Pulp Dressing Materials in Pulpotomized Premolars.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent release of calcium (Ca⁺⁺) and hydroxyl (OH⁻) ions from 3 different pulp dressing materials used to cap root canal orifices in pulpotomized premolars. MATERIAL AND METHODS Freshly extracted (n=40) premolars were subjected to standardized pulpotomy procedure and finally restored in 5 groups using resin-modified glass ionmmer liner (RMGI) and bonded resin composite directly against the pulp chamber's floor (Control, G2) and over 3 different orifices' capping materials - Dycal (G3), Endo Sequence root repair material (ESRRM, G4), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus (G5). Another 10 sound premolars served as the Reference group (G1). The restored teeth were incubated at 37±1°C in sealed containers filled with deionized water to assess Ca⁺⁺ and OH⁻ ions release after 24 h and at 1, 4, and 8 weeks. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's comparisons at alpha=0.05 were used to statistically analyze the collected data. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in Ca⁺⁺ ions between test groups at different testing time intervals (P<0.05). Despite the constant (Tukey's, P<0.05) pH levels (OH⁻ release), Group 5 specimens exhibited higher Ca⁺⁺ ion release in comparison to Groups 4 and 3 at different testing timepoints (Tukey's, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although all the assessed pulp dressing materials had equivalent and stable pH levels, ESRRM and MTA-Angelus had the highest Ca⁺⁺ ion release at the assessment intervals.

Analyzing the Bioactivity of a Novel Bone Cement: An In Vitro Study.

To analyze the effect of bioactivebone cement (BBC) placed in a phosphate buffer saline solution in comparison to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Ten samples each of BBC (group 1) and MTA (group 2) were prepared and stored in a phosphate buffer saline solution. After three days of storage, white precipitates were formed on the surface of the samples. The solution with precipitates from each sample was analyzed for the presence of calcium and phosphate ions with coupled plasma atomic spectroscopy. BBC showed a significant amount of calcium and phosphate release after a seven-day storage period in phosphate buffer saline solution. Calcium release was significantly higher in group 1 (MTA) (p < 0.001) compared to that in group 2 (BBC), while group 2 (BBC) (p < 0.001) exhibited greater phosphate release compared to group 1 (MTA). BBC (group 2) retains its bioactivity when it comes into contact with a stimulated oral environment (STF). This demonstrates that BBC is bioactive in a simulated oral environment. Moreover, it retainedgood handling properties and could be easily manipulated into a dough form. Clinically, in cases of apical surgery, internal resorption or perforation repair where material placement poses difficulty, BBC will prove to be beneficial.

Trends and Patterns of Endodontic Therapy in Primary Teeth: A Visualized Bibliometric Analysis of Research Output in Saudi Arabia

Abstract Aim: To analyze research trends and collaboration patterns in endodontic therapy of primary teeth in Saudi Arabia using bibliometric analysis. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted in the Web of Science database on March 1, 2024, to identify relevant publications. A total of 54 articles were retrieved and ranked according to citation counts. The key indices contain total citation counts, h-index, and publication counts. The analysis used Biblioshiny (Bibliometrix R package) and VOSViewer to show the collaboration networks and publication trends. Two reviewers were used for extraction to ensure validity and reliability. Results: The bibliometric analysis showed an increase in research output and citations, with peaks in 2020 and 2023. King Abdulaziz University and King Saud University were the leading institutions in this field, with the most publications and extensive collaboration networks. The most highly cited article was published by Bawazir OA in 2006, which was about root canal obturation methods in primary teeth. The keyword used most was “Mineral trioxide aggregate.” The key journals in this field were Pediatric Dentistry and the Saudi Dental Journal. Conclusion: This study confirms the emergence of Saudi Arabia as a significant contributor to research in primary tooth endodontics, demonstrating increasing scholarly impact and academic interest in this field. The results highlight the country’s growing role on the global research stage. Collaboration patterns suggest that this positive trend is likely to enhance impactful collaborative research in the future.

Evaluation of peroxide release during nonvital bleaching using three different coronal barriers: An in vitro study.

Peroxide from bleaching agents can cause external cervical resorption. An intracoronal barrier is used to prevent leakage of bleaching agents into the periradicular space. This study aims to determine and compare the amount of peroxide released, during non vital bleaching at the end of 1st and 3rd day using Glass ionomer cement (GIC), Mineral Trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA) and Biodentine as intracoronal barriers. Forty-five single-rooted teeth were selected for the study and root canal therapy was performed. Three millimeters of the coronal gutta-percha were removed and according to the coronal barrier placed, samples were divided into Group A: GIC, Group B: ProRoot MTA, and Group C: Biodentine. Nonvital bleaching was done using sodium perborate and 30% H2O2. Peroxide released at the end of the 1st and 3rd day was analyzed using potassium iodide and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. This was done using the Wilcoxon matched pair test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. No significant difference in intergroup comparison at the end of 1st and 3rd day, respectively (P > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the MTA group at follow-up dates (P < 0.05). All the three tested materials (GIC, MTA, and Biodentine) may be preferred as intracoronal barrier for nonvital bleaching.

Assessment of MMP levels in reversible and irreversible pulpitis and a randomized controlled trial comparing clinical success of two different calcium-silicate cements in pulpotomy treatment of primary molars with an 18-month follow-up

BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in the remodeling and defense mechanisms of dental pulp tissue. While their role in permanent teeth has been extensively studied, research focusing on MMPs in primary teeth remains limited. This gap highlights the need for further investigations to understand the specific contributions of MMPs to pulpal defense in primary teeth. Moreover, the clinical efficacy of Biodentine as a pulpotomy material in primary teeth warrants further exploration through well-designed studies to establish its success and long-term outcomes in pediatric dentistry.AimThis study aims to compare the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in cases of reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the clinical success of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine when used as pulpotomy agents in primary molars. By analyzing the differential expression of these MMPs, the study will contribute to a better understanding of their role in pulpal inflammation and the potential therapeutic outcomes of MTA and Biodentine in primary molars.DesignIn this parallel randomized controlled trial, 63 mandibular primary second molars were assigned to two main groups: Group 1, consisting of 42 teeth diagnosed with reversible pulpitis, and Group 2, consisting of 21 teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis. Group 1 was further divided into two randomized subgroups, each containing 21 teeth. The expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 were evaluated in all samples. Pulpotomy treatments were performed using MTA and Biodentine in Group 1. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were conducted over an 18-month follow-up period. Statistical analyses were carried out using The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test and Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe study revealed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels were significantly elevated in specimens with irreversible pulpitis (p = 0.01), indicating a potential correlation between these matrix metalloproteinases and the severity of pulpal inflammation. However, no significant difference was observed in the clinical success rates of pulpotomies performed with MTA and Biodentine, suggesting that both materials are equally effective in the treatment of primary molars with reversible pulpitis.ConclusionsThe expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in pulpal blood presents a promising biomarker for assessing the degree of pulpal inflammation in primary teeth, offering a potentially valuable diagnostic tool. Additionally, the clinical success of Biodentine in pulpotomy procedures supports its viability as an effective alternative to MTA, providing a reliable option.Clinical Trial Registration IDThe study protocol has been registered with an ID: NCT05145686. Registration Date: 9th November 2021.

The Effect of Various Water-soluble Chitosan Concentrations on Physical Properties and Antibiofilm Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

The Effect of Various Water-soluble Chitosan Concentrations on Physical Properties and Antibiofilm Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

Comparative analysis of shear bond strength of MTA and Theracal PT with different restorative materials

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the in vitro shear bond strength (SBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and dual-cured, resin-modified calcium silicate material (Theracal PT) to composite resin, compomer, and bulk-fill composite, and to evaluate the bond failure mode under a stereomicroscope.MethodsNinety acrylic specimens, each with a 4 mm diameter and 2 mm height central hole, were prepared. These specimens were randomly divided into two groups based on the capping materials: MTA and Theracal PT. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 15) according to the restorative materials: composite resin, compomer, and bulk-fill composite. The specimens were then subjected to shear testing using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Post-test, the fracture locations were examined using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test.ResultsThe SBS values for the Theracal PT group were significantly higher than those for the MTA group (p < 0.001). Within the MTA groups, no significant differences were observed in SBS values across the different restorative materials. However, a significant difference was found between the mean SBS values of the Theracal PT + composite resin group and the Theracal PT + compomer group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTheracal PT shows promise in dentistry due to its superior bond strength. Given its bond values, Theracal PT appears capable of forming durable and long-lasting restorations by establishing reliable bonds with various restorative materials commonly used in dentistry.

Radiographic Evaluation of Reparative Dentin Formation after Direct Pulp Capping Using Rosuvastatin vs Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Young Mature Permanent Molar—90 Days of Follow-up: A Split-mouth Study

Radiographic Evaluation of Reparative Dentin Formation after Direct Pulp Capping Using Rosuvastatin vs Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Young Mature Permanent Molar—90 Days of Follow-up: A Split-mouth Study

Mineral trioxide aggregate obturation quality with two obturation techniques in severe curved root canals – a micro-CT study

BackgroundThe existence of voids within the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) composition is one of the factors that can influence the treatment outcome. The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively assess and compare the MTA orthograde obturation quality in severe curved root canals using two different MTA compaction techniques: manual compaction with K-file, or Auger technique using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging.MethodsFor this study, 26 mandibular first molar teeth with severely curved mesiobuccal root canals were selected. These samples were randomly divided into two groups. All root canals were instrumented using ProTaper Gold rotary files up to the F3 file at the working length. In one group, OrthoMTA was compacted using a stainless steel K-file, while in the other group, the Auger technique was employed for compaction into the root canals. Once the MTA had completely set, the filled root canals were subjected to scanning using a high-resolution micro-CT scanner. The porosity volume was determined as a percentage in relation to the overal volume of the canal, and the collected data were subjected to analysis using SPSS software, with the significance level set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe two techniques had no significant difference in open, closed, and total mean porosity. In both groups, the mean of open porosity was significantly more than closed porosity.ConclusionsAccording to the results of the present study, neither of these two techniques is preferred to the other, and factors such as working time, etc., can be considered to choose the more appropriate clinical technique.

Implementing microfluidic flow device model in utilizing dural substitutes as pulp capping materials for vital pulp therapy

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) has gained prominence with the increasing trends towards conservative dental treatment with specific indications for preserving tooth vitality by selectively removing the inflamed tissue instead of the entire dental pulp. Although VPT has shown high success rates in long-term follow-up, adverse effects have been reported due to the calcification of tooth canals by mineral trioxide aggregates, which are commonly used in VPT. Canal calcification poses challenges for accessing instruments during retreatment procedures. To address this issue, this study evaluated the mechanical properties of dural substitute intended to alleviate intra-pulp pressure caused by inflammation, along with assessing the biological responses of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), both of which play crucial roles in dental pulp. The study examined the application of dural substitutes as pulp capping materials, replacing mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). This assessment was conducted using a microfluidic flow device model that replicated the blood flow environment within the dental pulp. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were employed to ensure that the fluid flow velocity within the microfluidic flow device matched the actual blood flow velocity within the dental pulp. Furthermore, the dural substitutes (Biodesign; BD and Neuro-Patch; NP) exhibited resistance to penetration by 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HEMA) released from the upper restorative materials and bonding agents. Finally, while MTA increased the expression of angiogenesis-related and hard tissue-related genes in HUVEC and hDPSCS, respectively, BD and NP did not alter gene expression and preserved the original characteristics of both cell types. Hence, dural substitutes have emerged as promising alternatives for VPT owing to their resistance to HEMA penetration and the maintenance of stemness. Moreover, the microfluidic flow device model closely replicated the cellular responses observed in live pulp chambers, thereby indicating its potential use as an in vivo testing platform.

Comparison of Surface Microhardness of Portland Cement Associated with Niobium Oxide and Zirconium Nanoparticles with the Mineral Aggregate Trioxide

To determine the surface microhardness of white portland cement associated with niobium nanoparticles, white portland cement associated with zirconium nanoparticles, and mineral trioxide aggregate. The present study is an experimental in-vitro study. The sample consisted of 03 study groups. These were divided into 09 subgroups of 04 hours, 14 days and 28 days. The instrument used to record the surface mechanical microhardness was the Vickers microdurometer. The Shapiro-Wilk statistical analysis was then performed to identify the normality of the data. The Anova test was applied to compare between the three groups and then the Tukey test for multiple comparisons with a 95% confidence level. White Portland cement associated with zirconium nanoparticles had the highest hardness value (p&lt;0.05), followed by white Portland cement associated with niobium nanoparticles and aggregate control cement of mineral trioxide. The lowest value of surface microhardness was obtained by the addition of mineral trioxide (p&lt;0.05). Surface microhardness values were significantly higher at 28 days than at 04 hours for all groups evaluated. White Portland cement with/without nanoparticulate additives generated higher surface microhardness than the control group added mineral trioxide in the evaluation periods.