Mineral Raw Materials Research Articles

On the issue of shipping finished products in mining of non-metallic mineral raw materials

Mining of non-metallic raw materials is an extremely important process, since the production of building materials is one of the priority directions for state industry and society development. The production of building materials consists of a large chain of technological processes, of which the shipment of finished products to consumers is one of the main ones. This paper examines design solutions for finished product transhipment storehouses in non-metallic quarries of solid minerals, which are expedient to apply in technological schemes of cyclic-flow processing-transport equipment complexes of the specified quarries. The scope of their application has been determined by the criterion of specific energy intensity of processes and operations when shipping products from stacks of surface storehouses in standard quarries. The results obtained are recommended for implementation when designing technology for mining non-metallic fields and processing of raw materials to produce building materials with shipment of finished products to consumers.

ГІРНИЧО-ГЕОЛОГІЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ РОЗРОБКИ РОДОВИЩ БУДІВЕЛЬНОГО КАМЕНЮ ТА ЩЕБЕНЕВОЇ СИРОВИНИВ МЕЖАХ ПОШИРЕННЯ ЛЬОДОВИКОВИХ ВІДКЛАДІВ

The study determined the feasibility of multucommodity deposits development of construction and crushed stone, which are localized within the distribution of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. Overburden is studied as associated minerals, used in the construction industry and landscape design. The objects of the study are deposits of granites and labradorite, which have industrial reserves and are mined, as overburden rocks have enough thickness of fluvioglacial sediments. During the development of crystalline rock, fluvioglacial deposits in many cases are classified as overburden. Traditional mining methods of gravel-sand rocks are usually unsuitable or complicate the development, since the problem of extracting overburden fluvioglacial deposits, as a rule, does not exist at the stage of opening, but already in the mining process. The mining-geological features of fluvioglacial and glacial deposits make it necessary to adjust design solutions when developing crushed stone deposits to ensure the stability of the sides of the quarry and industrial safety requirements. There are the results of studying the geological structure of deposits of building stone and crushed stone within the boundaries of glacial deposits. These are the Sosnivske, Yaroshivske, Koshchiivske, Boguslavske deposits, the "Deshki" area, and the Ostriv deposit, as well as in the "Synii Kamin" block raw material deposit, where overburden rocks are presented by thick glacial and fluvioglacial layers of the flgPIIdn Dnieper climatolite. The following features of the geological structure within these deposits were fixed: 1) a significant change of the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks that make up the fluvioglacial deposits and their granulometric composition; 2) a variety of mining conditions, including the presence of layers of sandy-clay rocks; 3) different degrees of waterlogging of fluvioglacial deposits; 4) a significant change in quality indicators within one deposit. The timeliness and quality of the detection of these features affects the effectiveness of the development of fluvioglacial rocks as co-occurring or by-product mineral. For such reserves, it is recommended to develop and use cut-off parameters for mineral raw materials, which take into account specific mining and geological conditions, during geological and economic assessment.

Eco-friendly hybrid binders based on waste from the chemical industry

The purpose of the study is to show the possibility of using high-tonnage waste from the chemical industry in the production of building materials. Methods and materials. Methods of data comparison and analysis were used. Solid residues of distiller sludge with a moisture content of 25-30%, an active calcium oxide content of 12-13% and quartz sand with a grain size of 2.2, humidity of 5-6% were used as materials. Results. Compositions and methods for obtaining a cement-free binder based on the solid residue of soda and quartz sand production are proposed. The possibility of obtaining a binder based on the solid residue of distiller slurries according to two technological schemes: drying of the solid residue and grinding together with quartz sand; firing of the solid residue and grinding together with quartz sand, has been confirmed by our tests. The introduced concept of “Eco-friendly hybrid cements” (Eco-friendly hybrid binders (EHB)) emphasizes that they are binders made up of multicomponent mineral raw materials of secondary resources. Practical significance. Solid by-products of the chemical industry can be used as an auxiliary inorganic component. This will make it possible to create eco-friendly hybrid cements ready for use, which are sealed only with water, which contributes to the development of such binders by industry and the rational use of secondary mineral resources.

Research, control and greening of mica mining processes in the regions

The article examines the features of mica as a strategically important mineral raw material for the industrial sector. The purpose of the study was to analyze the situation in mica mining in Russia and conduct an environmental audit of the territories. Mica is an important resource, and its extraction is fraught with difficulties, mainly due to the need to green production processes. An analysis of the situation regarding resource extraction in the region was carried out and the Irkutsk region was identified as a promising source of resources. Mica mining has a negative impact on all areas: public health, water and land resources, the formation of waste dumps and waste heaps, and air pollution due to dust. Thus, mica is a strategically important resource for the economy of the Russian Federation and several of its regions.

The effectiveness of a new organomineral fertilizer in potato cultivation in the Middle Urals

Purpose of research. To study the effectiveness of a complex multicomponent organomineral fertilizer of prolonged action on potato productivity. Method. The object of research is potato. The subject of research is to study the effect of a new combined organomineral fertilizer on the growth, development, and yield of potato. The studies were conducted in the field experiment in accordance with the basic requirements for their conduct according to B.A. Dospekhov. The experimental work is based on the following methodological recommendations: Methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops; Methods of field and vegetation experiments with fertilizers and herbicides. Results: An innovative product has been developed – a mixed combined organomineral fertilizer based on natural extracted mineral raw materials, bird droppings, and waste from the coke industry. The chemical composition of the fertilizer contains 6 macronutrients of plant nutrition: nitrogen (N) 12%, phosphorus (P2O5) – 12%, potassium (K2O) – 2%, sulfur (S) – 10%, calcium (Ca) - 36%, and silicon (Si) – 25%. The positive effect of fertilizers on the growth, development, yield, and quality of potato has been established. Potato yield at a dose of NP(90) and NP(120) is 5.5; 5.9 t/ha or 30; 32.2% higher compared to the control. It has been established that it is economically feasible to use NP(90) for potato, which ensures low cost and increases the profitability of the production of this crop with high product quality. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Middle Urals, a new innovative product was created and tested – a combined mixed multicomponent fertilizer for growing potatoes, application for RF patent No. 2023100288 (incoming number 0005490) dated 09.01.2023.

Ecologization and problems of modern civilization

The development of the productive forces of individual regions of Russia at the present stage determines the relevance of problems associated not only with obtaining the maximum return from the employed economic potential in its full extent, but also with the prospects for the integrated and rational use of mineral, raw materials and fuel and energy resources, and the use of new management methods, improving the mechanism of organization and production management. At the same time, the pace of development of the latter is still low, and the comprehensiveness of the use of mineral raw materials is still insufficient. In such a situation, it is necessary to justify the most effective ways of developing sectors of the mineral raw materials complex, the products of which are used both in the corresponding processing industries and for the expansion and modernization of the economy. It should be noted that greening the economy through the transition from technogenic to sustainable development will provide the opportunity for significant savings and release of a large volume of raw materials, and will also reduce environmental pollution and the amount of waste while increasing the final results. For example, combining several processes in the production of gasoline in one distillation column can help save raw materials and improve the environmental friendliness of oil refining due to reduced waste. Despite the identified reserves of various types of minerals, ultimately, they are limited, as a result of which the most rational way to ensure the progressive sustainable development of society is resource conservation.

Coal mine methane utilization as a component of the complex mining concept in the context of conversion into thermal and electrical energy

The paper deals with multi-component complex mining of mineral raw materials in the context of sustainable development and its important component – coal mine methane utilization and its conversion into thermal and electrical energy. The conducted analysis of scientific and practical experience has shown the multi-parameter nature of this process and the influence of a large number of factors. The mining-geological conditions of the Western Donbas (Ukraine) are substantiated as the research object, which makes it possible to limit the variation of geomechanical factors, as well as to develop basic provisions and general principles for reasoning predictive assessments of outgassing during complete mining of coal reserves. The dependence of gas volume on specific gas content of lithotypes and the volume of their destruction related to the coal-bearing stratum shear mechanisms at different options of complete mining of the Western Donbas coal reserves, is presented. The patterns of influence of the main geomechanical factors on the propagation of disturbed rock zones are substantiated.

ВЫПУСК ОПЫТНО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПАРТИЙ КРИОЛИТА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ХЛОРИДА И ГИДРОКСИДА НАТРИЯ И ИХ ИСПЫТАНИЯ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ АЛЮМИНИЯ

The paper presents the results of pilot batch production of cryolite using sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide by hydrochemical method, physical and chemical studies of the obtained products, as well as their testing in aluminium electrolysers with measurements of technological parameters before and after use. The conducted studies have shown that the process of production of a pilot batch of cryolite by hydrochemical method from hydrofluoric acid using aluminium hydroxide, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions proceeds at a temperature of 25 °C for 30-45 min. In this case, the yield of cryolite according to the first embodiment using sodium chloride is more than 80 %, since during the reaction a side hydrochloric acid is formed, which dissolves more than 15 % of the cryolite. When sodium hydroxide is used, the process proceeds similarly to the first variant with an increase in cryolite yield of more than 90%. According to pilot tests, the first variant produced 600 kg of cryolite and the second variant produced 620 kg of cryolite. The reliability of the process of cryolite production with the use of sodium chloride and hydroxide was confirmed by chemical and X-ray phase analyses using the modernised Dron-2 unit. It was found that the analysed samples correspond to the reference cryolite, indicating the interaction of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide with fluoroaluminium acid. Also the obtained synthetic products have successfully passed pilot tests in aluminium electrolysers of JSC "TALCO" with control of technological parameters. On the basis of conducted researches the basic technological scheme of cryolite production by hydrochemical method with application of hydrofluoric acid, aluminium hydroxide, sodium chloride and hydroxide was developed. As a result of the research it was found out that the technology of cryolite production with the use of sodium chloride and hydroxide is easy to implement and cost-effective due to low energy consumption of production and the use of local mineral raw materials.

Системный анализ рисков реализации проектов освоения минерального сырья — условие планирования устойчивого развития Арктической зоны России

For the first time, a systematic analysis of the risks of developing investment projects for the development of mineral raw materials in the Arctic zone of Russia was carried out along the entire chain of elements: Upstream (Search and Production) - Midstream (Transportation) - Downstream (Sales) in order to identify priority technological tasks, the solution of which is necessary to ensure their sustainable development. The main restrictions on the development of year-round shipping in the water area of the Northern Sea Route have been identified. Assessments of the sustainability of the economic development of the Arctic zone based on the entire set of risks of projects and the determination of priority tasks for overcoming them should be coordinated by specialized scientific councils in accordance with the tasks assigned to the Russian Academy of Sciences "expert support of the activities of government bodies and organizations." The primary task is to revise the documents of strategic planning for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, developed in other geopolitical conditions, correlating their goals and objectives with the current capabilities of the country.

Chemical activity score of siliceous rocks in development of self-cleaning cement material

The development of photocatalytically active cement materials characterized by a complex of positive properties, such as self-cleaning ability, decompose atmospheric air pollutants, eliminate unwanted odors, etc., is actual scientific direction in the field of building materials science. It is known that ‘core-shell’ compositions obtained by precipitation of photocatalyst particles on dispersed carriers (substrates) are one of the effective types of photocatalytic additives for cement systems. It should be noted that mineral raw materials of various genesis can act as a substrate. Foreign and domestic experience in obtaining ‘core-shell’ photocatalytic systems for cement materials shows that the type of photocatalytic agent carrier has a primary influence on the final parameters of the synthesized composite modifier. The purpose of this study was to establish patterns of influence of the composition of 3 types of opal-cristobalite rocks (diatomite, trepel, opoka) on their chemical activity. It was identified that the reactivity of siliceous rocks grows in the order of trepel → opoka → diatomite. Meanwhile, it was recorded that increase in the content of opal silica in the composition contributed to growth in the sedimentary rock reactivity. The obtained research results indicate the prospects of using diatomite and opoka as dispersed carriers of photocatalytic agents in the composition of self-cleaning cement concretes.

Enrichment of mineral raw materials: Selection of local clay minerals for the purpose of obtaining adsorbents for purification of petroleum products

Geotechnologies and subsoil use play a key role in the rational development of the mineral resource complex, requiring innovative approaches to the enrichment of mineral raw materials. This article discusses a promising direction in the beneficiation of mineral raw materials, focused on obtaining adsorbents from local clay minerals for the effective purification of petroleum products and environmental protection. The article presents a study on the potential of local clay minerals to create effective adsorbents using a mechanochemical activator. The study includes a review of the chemical and mineralogical composition of clays collected in the region, as well as their particle size distribution and differential thermal analysis.

Технология переработки сухих отходов сорбции и растворов хлоридов сурьмы

Reducing the loss of valuable components during the processing of complex gold-antimony ores, increasing the extraction of antimony during the flotation of sulfide minerals, is an urgent scientific problem. The aim of the study is to maximize the extraction of gold and antimony from dry sorption waste after gold cyanidation, and to improve the reagent regime of the antimony mineral flotation process. Research objectives are as follows: evaluation of the technology efficiency for processing dry sorption waste; extraction of gold from the cake of acidic leaching of antimony; production of various antimony-containing products from solutions of antimony chlorides; study of the possibility of replacing lead with a mixture of zinc and copper cations to hydrophobize the surface of antimony sulfide minerals during flotation. The object of the research is man-made and natural mineral raw materials containing gold and antimony. The following research methodology and methods are used: information analysis, evaluation of existing scientific developments, methods of theoretical and experimental research. A new technological solution has been proposed: acidic (a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen hydroxide) hydrometallurgical technology for processing dry sorption waste in order to extract gold and antimony. Acid treatment makes it possible to completely transfer antimony into solution, significantly improves the quality of the cake for subsequent cyanidation and gold extraction, reduces the volume of material for processing by cyanidation, and simplifies cyanidation technology. Sb2S3 activation and the possibility of lead (Pb(NO3) replacement have been studied 2) a mixture of zinc and copper (ZnSO4 and CuSO4) during the flotation of antimony ores from the Khipkoshinsky deposit in the Transbaikal Region. This has made it possible to create favorable conditions for interaction with xanthogenate and hydrophobize the surface of sulfide minerals. Theoretically, hydrogen sulfide substitutes such as NaCNS, KCNS, CuCNS for use in the flotation process were evaluated.

Minerageny of Jurassic deposits of the northeastern side of the Ulyanovsk-Saratov depression

The Jurassic terrigenous-clayey complex on the territory of the northeastern side of the Ulyanovsk-Saratov depression contains numerous groups of solid minerals. Some of them are at the stages of industrial development, some have not found application due to local distribution. Analysis of the composition and conditions of formation of solid mineral raw materials showed that the main factor influencing the formation of minerals was the marginal position of the territory in the Middle-Upper Jurassic time. The relatively high bioproductivity of the epicontinental Central Russian paleosea contributed to the accumulation of layers of calcareous marls, oil shale and phosphate raw materials. All these rocks were formed in the Mesozoic basin of sedimentation with the active participation of organic matter, the producers of which were zoo- and phytoplankton. The accumulation of coccolithophora in clayey silts led to the formation of calcareous marls, the accumulation of dying algae in bottom sediments led to the formation of oil shale. Nodular phosphorites are also biochemogenic raw materials. During periods of regressive development of the Central Russian paleosea along the coast, conditions were created for the accumulation of oolitic siderites together with leguminous goethite-hydrogethite aggregates of iron ores. Periodically, regional faults were activated on the northeastern edge of the Ulnovsko-Saratov depression. At this time, there was an upward migration of deep mineralized fluids through weakened zones. Unloading in the bottom part of the Central Russian paleosea, they contributed to the formation of fields of pyrite and barite mineralization in sedimentary rocks.

Silicon carbide synthesis in a solar oven from natural raw materials

The processes of synthesis of silicon carbide from natural mineral raw materials - diatomite mixed with coke (or coal, or graphite) have been studied. High-temperature heating was carried out using a flow of concentrated solar radiation (CSI) of high density (200 W/cm 2 ). The mixture was placed in a graphite crucible mounted on the focal zone of the Large Solar Furnace. The crucible with the material sample after irradiation with the XI flow was cooled in an arbitrary manner for 30 minutes. The analysis showed that such a diffraction pattern is due to the presence of three phases - silicon carbide β- SiC with a cubic system with lattice parameters a = 4.36 A and α- SiC with a hexagonal lattice with parameters a = 3.07 A c = 15.11 A, as well as graphite C of the hexagonal system.

ВИСОКОПЕРСПЕКТИВНІ ОБ'ЄКТИ МІНЕРАЛЬНО-СИРОВИННОЇ БАЗИ УКРАЇНИ. ЧАСТИНА 2. НЕМЕТАЛІЧНІ КОРИСНІ КОПАЛИНИ

A brief description of highly prospective objects of the mineral-raw material base of non-metallic minerals of Ukraine is given. Based on an expert assessment of their investment attractiveness, the following types of raw materials were selected as the most prospective: kaolin (Zhezhelivske, Glukhovetske, Turbivske, Velikogadomynetske deposits); facing stones (Slipchytske and Golovinske deposits of labradorite; Omelyanivske, Tokivske, Kapustianske, Lyznitske and Kornynske deposits of granite); refractory clays (Chasiv-Yarske, Novoraiske, Volodymyrivske, Pologivske); graphite (Zavallivske, Burtynske (Khmelivska section) deposits); granate (Slobidske, Ivanivske); quartz raw materials (Husarivske, Velikohlibovitske); piezoquartz (Volynske); phosphorites (Zhvanske); limestones for the sugar industry (Zamok, Lysohirka); bentonite (Cherkaske deposit). Among the non-metallic minerals of Ukraine, these deposits have the highest level of investment attractiveness, the lowest investment risks, and can be recommended as priority objects for investment in their study and industrial development. To determine the investment prospects of concrete objects, a preliminary geological and economic assessment of the feasibility and profitability of their industrial development is necessary.

A novel reinforcement learning framework for disassembly sequence planning using Q-learning technique optimized using an enhanced simulated annealing algorithm

Abstract The increase in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) usage in various sectors has given rise to repair and maintenance units. Disassembly of parts requires proper planning, which is done by the Disassembly Sequence Planning (DSP) process. Since the manual disassembly process has various time and labor restrictions, it requires proper planning. Effective disassembly planning methods can encourage the reuse and recycling sector, resulting in reduction of raw-materials mining. An efficient DSP can lower the time and cost consumption. To address the challenges in DSP, this research introduces an innovative framework based on Q-Learning (QL) within the domain of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Furthermore, an Enhanced Simulated Annealing (ESA) algorithm is introduced to improve the exploration and exploitation balance in the proposed RL framework. The proposed framework is extensively evaluated against state-of-the-art frameworks and benchmark algorithms using a diverse set of eight products as test cases. The findings reveal that the proposed framework outperforms benchmark algorithms and state-of-the-art frameworks in terms of time consumption, memory consumption, and solution optimality. Specifically, for complex large products, the proposed technique achieves a remarkable minimum reduction of 60% in time consumption and 30% in memory usage compared to other state-of-the-art techniques. Additionally, qualitative analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach generates sequences with high fitness values, indicating more stable and less time-consuming disassembles. The utilization of this framework allows for the realization of various real-world disassembly applications, thereby making a significant contribution to sustainable practices in EEE industries.

Моделирование процесса вибрационного обезвоживания угольной мелочи в технологических системах гидромеханизированных шахт

Introduction. The article discusses the issues of modeling various variants of flow line tunneling technologies based on an analysis of the structure of the tunneling cycle. Materials and methods. As research methods, the authors used: analysis of the structures of the tunneling cycle of continuous mining technologies, mathematical modeling of processes and operations, and industrial testing of options for implementing the proposed technological tunneling systems. Results. Obtained during the implementation of a mathematical model of a high-frequency, low-amplitude process of vibration dehydration of mineral raw materials of small fractions, using fine coal (sludge) as an example, made it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the kinematics of the working body in accordance with the parameters of the source material. Innovative solutions have been proposed for the design of vibration dewatering devices with mechanical and hydraulic high-frequency flexibly adjustable drives. Conclusion. The article summarizes the results of research in the field of modeling and optimization of fine coal dewatering parameters in technological systems of mining enterprises. Options for implementing innovative technical devices for high-frequency, low-amplitude effects on the source material are proposed to increase the efficiency of dehydration. Resume. An analysis of existing means and methods for dewatering rock mass has shown that in relation to the technology of hydromechanized coal mining with its underground dewatering and recycling of process water, the most promising is the use of high-frequency vibration dewatering devices with a mechanical or hydraulic drive. The study of the kinematics of movement of the dewatered rock mass made it possible to determine the optimal values of vibration parameters

To the question of parameter optimization of hydraulic transportation technology

Background. The selection of rational schemes for the technology of hydraulic transportation of rock mass requires optimization of the main parameters of this technology. A large number of factors determining the efficiency of hydraulic transportation hamper the formalization of relationships of the main transportation processes both between themselves and other mining and processing processes.Aim. To identify specific features of the main processes in hydraulic transportation technology, to establish the factors and parameters that determine their optimal operation, and to propose an optimization tool for both individual links and the entire chain of hydraulic transportation of rock mass.Materials and methods. The problem of parameter optimization of hydraulic transportation of mineral raw materials is solved based on the integral characteristics of the pressure movement of ore and rock hydraulic mixtures. These characteristics were previously obtained empirically or theoretically by the authors of the present paper and other researchers at various mining companies.Results. Among the variety of factors determining the efficiency of hydraulic transportation, the size of the transported piece (ore, rock, coal) was found to play the major role. At the same time, the nature of changes in economic expenditures and results of evaluating the effectiveness of hydraulic transportation technology will always relate to a specific field, the accepted technological scheme, and the equipment used.Conclusion. The problem of parameter optimization of hydraulic transportation processes can be solved using digital twin technology. This technology can be used to address the issues of managing complicated technological processes, as the same time allowing timely adjustments to the modes and parameters of operational processes both on individual production lines and at the enterprise as a whole.

Technogenic formations as a source of mineral raw materials for vanadium production

Technogenic formations as a source of mineral raw materials for vanadium production

ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND DECARBONIZATIONIN UKRAINE

The article with the reports of responsible researchers, in which the issues of industrial and household waste management are not an end in itself but the problems of environmental safety, environmental conservation and human health. The question was raised about the necessity for certification of dumps with instructions in the passports of general information. The issue of the system of state management of the development of the mineral resource and raw material base of the country is considered. The problems of waste management in Ukraine in particular in Vinnytsia region and other issues that were raised at the National Forums and at the Scientific Conference held in Ukraine were considered. Waste management is considered as a public program that must comply with European rules and standards. With the adoption of the concept of energy decarbonization in Europe it was said that it is necessary to pay attention to the issues of hydrogen production.