Mini Survey Research Articles

Birth of mining and geology in the Urals

Introduction. Since the 17th century, in national historiography there has been hardly any paper devoted to the development of mining technique. This paper considers technnological and organizational aspects related to prospecting and extraction of ore containing gold, silver, copper and iron. Research objective is to analyze the organization of geological prospecting and mining in the Urals in the 17th–early 18th centuries as compared with the technological development of mining and knowledge of local geology. Methods of research. The concept of diffusionism was used to work with concrete historical material. The concept involves the analysis of mining innovations development, borrowing and diffusion. Results. The features have been revealed that characterize the organization of prospecting and mining of ores containing precious metals, copper, and iron. Exploration companies with the participation of foreign specialists were organized to prospect for precious metals, and assay laboratories were used. Originally, copper ore was searched for the presence of gold. In Russia, the craft of mining was borrowed from the Saxons and began with the development of cupriferous sandstone on the river Kama in 1634. The first mine survey and water-driven ore mill are recorded here, and “mining sworn-men” are first mentioned. Depending on the depth and conditions of occurrence, copper ore was extracted by a crew by opencast method from cupriferous sandstones of the Kama region. Ores that contain copper and iron and are typical of the Middle Urals capping, become a serious problem for metallurgy and affected production location. It was the extraction of copper from polymetals that encouraged the organization of the mining by the Saxons, the introduction of a network of mine workings, ore mills, mine dewatering pumps, air supply pumps, and the use of gunpowder for drilling and blasting. Iron ore was extracted by opencast method due to its availability and economic calculations and did not affect the organization of mining

Effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on treatment processes of patients with severe asthma who were managed with monoclonal antibody

Amaç: Ağır astımı olan hastalar, viral enfeksiyonların neden olduğu astım alevlenmeleri, hastanelerdeki SARS-CoV-2 viral yükü ve bazı kısıtlamalar nedeniyle sağlık tesislerine erişimdeki zorluklar nedeniyle özellikle SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu için daha yüksek risk altındadır. Bundan dolayı monoklonal antikor (MAb) tedavisi alan hastalarda SARS-CoV-2 pandemisinin astım tedavisi ve kontrolü üzerindeki etkisini araştırılması amaçlandı.
 Materyel-Metod: Ağır persistan astım tedavisi için MAb kullanan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Her hastadan onaylanmış bir Coronavirüs kaygı ölçeği ve mini bir anket doldurması istendi.
 Bulgular:Ağır Astım nedeniyle MAb tedavisi alan 62 hasta (Kadın: 44; Erkek: 18) çalışmaya alındı. Mart-Nisan-Mayıs 2020'de hastaların tedaviye uyumu %56.5 idi. Sokağa çıkma yasağı, hastaların tedaviye uyumunu (%35.5) etkileyen en yaygın hükümetle ilgili faktörolarak saptandı. En yaygın bireysel faktör, SARS-CoV-2 kapma korkusuydu (%40.3). Tedaviye uyum sağlamayan hastalarda, MAb tedavisine uyan hastalara göre, semptomlarda artış ve astım için ek tedavi gereksinimi anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı (p:0.034 ve p:0.013)
 Sonuç: MAb tedavisi alan hastalarda hem resmi hem de bireysel nedenlerle tedaviye uyum azalmıştır. Bu durum acil servise astım şikayetleri ve ek tedavi ihtiyacı ile daha sık başvurulara neden olmuştur. Tüm bu bulgular, hastaların pandemiye rağmen MAb tedavilerini sürdürmeleri gerektiğini ve kılavuzlarda yayınlanan tavsiyelere uyarak SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyon riskini en aza indirmeleri gerektiğini göstermektedir.

“Hygiene does not affect our cheese quality”: A qualitative assessment of traditional cheese processors in Ghana

Consumer preference surveys in many developing regions have revealed low confidence for traditional dairy products because of perceived poor safety and unhygienic practices of the processors, especially those who are low literate. Many of these products are therefore restricted to informal settings, and traditional product certification is rare. The current research has a social orientation and examines the current state of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among female cheese processors in cattle rearing villages in Southern Ghana. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews combined with on-site observations were conducted during a mini survey. The results showed that traditional cheese processors were conversant with process controls, non-processing and processing factors that could influence the quality of their products but did not consider safety and hygiene as a critical factor. Many of the processors had poor knowledge, incorrect attitudes, and were engaged in suboptimal practices that were likely to result in poor product safety and quality.

Recent Application of Dijkstra’s Algorithm in the Process of Production Planning

This paper aims to develop a method that could serve as a tool for evaluating extracted raw materials in terms of use by considering the place of extraction and consumption. Dijkstra´s algorithm solves many of the shortest path problems observed in the production planning of raw materials. The algorithm requires knowledge of the relative distance between the vertices and the definition of the Euclidean distance of the vertices from the target vertex. The algorithm scans all of the paths and chooses the one with the minimum distance. At the same time, it would be able to identify the places of sale of raw materials and transport sites for the transportation of raw materials. It would have a database of point and line sources of occurrence (mining, deposit), places of transport (transmission network), and points of sale (seller). At present, geo-statistics is becoming an essential tool for solving various problems in modern deposit geology. Its results are used to calculate reserves and the economic valuation of the deposit. In the process of production planning, it is necessary to constantly process and analyze the geological information obtained during the mining survey.

Najstaršia banská mapa ešte raz: jej georeferencovanie a analýza

The oldest known map of a mine in what is now Slovakia was drawn in 1568 and represents an adit named Gottes gab. The location of the mine is given only by the description “auf der Jeraba” (at Jarabá in the Low Tatras) and the exact whereabouts of the mine was unknown until recently. This article describes the methodology used to locate the adit using other mining maps of this area produced in the 18th century, which depicted some landmarks making geolocation possible – a toponym, segments of some country roads and two other mine entrances. The mining maps were georeferenced using historical geography, field research and a detailed DTM. The correctness of the georeferencing was validated by checking the scale (using the scale bar) and rotation parameters (comparing the magnetic north indications on the maps to the models of the historical magnetic declination). The second part of the paper contains a new interpretation of a unique feature of the Gottes gab map – a survey field book in tabular form, previously analyzed by Bílek (1967). Using statistical analysis we propose the most feasible formula for calculation of the survey line coordinates from the data table. The problems in this reconstruction of the mine survey line are explained using newer, 18th century maps of the same mine.

POSITIONING EVALUATION WITH GNSS USING REALTIME PRECISE POINT POSITIONING METHOD FOR MINING MAPING SURVEY

Real Time Precise-Point Positioning (RT-PPP) is a relatively new method for satellite-based positioning or better known as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). RT-PPP has similarities with PPP in terms of data accuracy and precision because it was developed from the previous method called Precise Point Positioning (PPP). However, RT-PPP has an advantage in real time because it gets correction from the L-band in the Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS). This study aims to evaluate the RT-PPP method for mining surveys. The precision evaluation was carried out repeatedly for 7 days at specific points, while accuracy testing was compared with the static differential method at 11 points spread over the mining area. The results showed that the standard deviation of the RT-PPP method was 1.0 cm and 1.1 cm in the east and north, 3 cm in elevation. The accuracy test shows 17.5 cm for the RMSE horizontally and 6.2 cm vertically.

A systematic survey of data mining and big data in human behavior analysis: Current datasets and models

AbstractIn recent years, understanding human behavior has become one of the most important topics in the field of computer vision research. The reason for this growing attention is the wide range of applications that can benefit from the results of this field of research. The human behavior analysis (HBA) includes a wide range of research areas from the detection of human motion and action. Datasets created through actions and detection of human activities make it possible to compare different detection methods with the same input data. Data mining and big data approaches are very popular for analyzing data related to human behavior and can be used to address the challenges of fast processing. This article provides a systematic survey of data mining and big data in the HBA. We focus on current datasets and models related to the detection of human behavior patterns in the literature. The purpose of this survey is to assist researchers in select appropriate datasets and models to evaluate algorithms, as well as to identify research gaps for future work. To achieve this goal, articles published between 2010 and 2021 have been reviewed. These articles fall into five general categories in terms of dataset focus: object detection, motion, action, activity, and behavior. This article provides a summary of data mining and big data models in the HBA, as well as related datasets based on these categories, to highlight promising research avenues for future work.

Comparative Analysis of the Results of Mine Surveying and Numerical Studies of the Running Tunnel of the Kyiv Metro

Purpose. The article is aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the results of mine surveying and numerical studies of the running tunnel of the Kyiv metro and obtain the reliability of the author’s system of parametric analysis. Methodology. The comparative analysis of the results of research on the displacements of the running tunnel was carried out in two directions. In the first direction, the movement of the lining of the running tunnels between the stations «Slavutych» – «Osokorky», «Osokorky» – «Pozniaky» and «Pozniaky» – «Kharkivska» obtained in the course of mine surveying studies was analyzed. In the second direction, a numerical analysis using the finite element method was performed. For this analysis, models of three lining rings were created. These rings were chosen because the maximum level of vertical movements was observed in them. Their reason is the influence of the engineering and geological conditions of the part of the Syretsko-Pecherska line on the left bank of the Dnipro River. These conditions are characterized by the layering of weak and water-saturated soils (sands of various sizes and densities, sandy loams, light loams and clays). The lining of the real tunnel is a standard structure used for shield tunneling of the Kyiv metro. The models reflect the geometric dimensions of the running tunnels, as well as the deformation characteristics and soil density of the surrounding layered massif. Findings. The authors analyzed the characteristics of the layered massif and the maximum displacements of the running tunnels of the part of the Syretsko-Pecherska line on the left bank of the Dnipro River. In the course of the numerical analysis, the vertical displacements of the models of the three lining rings were obtained. A comparative analysis of the results of mine surveying and numerical studies was carried out. The obtained level of error (up to 15 %) between the results of mine surveying and numerical studies proves that the developed bases of parametric analysis are reliable. Originality. For the first time, the theoretical foundations of parametric analysis for a real underground object were introduced. The author’s developments related to the creation of finite-element models based on the real characteristics of the soils of the layered massif provide a high level of similarity to the results of theoretical developments and instrumental mine surveying measurements. Practical value. It consists in the substantiation of the parameters of the deformed state that occurs in the horizontal working during shield tunneling.

Research on Application of Aerial Survey UAV in Mine Surveying and Mapping

Research on Application of Aerial Survey UAV in Mine Surveying and Mapping

A systematic survey of data mining and big data analysis in internet of things

A systematic survey of data mining and big data analysis in internet of things

Discussion on Application Analysis of New Surveying and Mapping Technology in Coal Mine Survey

Discussion on Application Analysis of New Surveying and Mapping Technology in Coal Mine Survey

CALCULATION OF LIMESTONE VOLUME USING THE SECTION METHOD

In the mining industry, it is very important to estimate the amount of mineral resources. This estimation aims to find out the volume of resources at the certain mining survey area. The estimation method used is the cross-section method, which is based on the rule of gradual changes and the rule of nearest point. The estimation using the rule of gradual changes shows that the total volume of limestone resources is 31,420 m³, and the volume of overburden is 27,572.6 m³. Meanwhile, the estimation using the rule of nearest point shows that the total limestone resource is 125,680 m³, and the overburden volume is 30,290 m³.

Application of UAV Photogrammetry on Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Open-pit mines, Northern Anhui Province, China

Mine survey is an important part of the ecological restoration design of an abandoned open-pit mine because it gives precise survey data for mine management. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry technology is applied to mine 3D modeling and earthwork calculation to tackle the problems of high cost, low efficiency, and high labor intensity in traditional manual field mine surveys. Using the abandoned quarries in Baitu, Suzhou City, as the study area, 82 ground control points were set up, and massive elevation data of the ground was obtained using a Dajiang spirit 4 RTK UAV for aerial photography and extracted from a 3D model created with Context Capture software, while a digital orthophoto image of the study area was created. The earthwork volume is calculated using the square grid method. UAV photogrammetry has a considerably higher efficiency than typical manual field measurement results, and it meets the precision criteria of mine geological environment assessment. According to the findings, UAV photogrammetry technology has a promising future in mine geological environment monitoring and ecological environment repair.

Molecular docking, pharmacophore modelling, MD simulation and in silico ADMET study reveals bitter cola constituents as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and RNA dependent-RNA polymerase

A mini survey was employed in the search of herbs and spices which people believe could prevent them from contracting COVID-19. Phytochemicals which have been earlier implicated for the bioactivity of the afore-mentioned herbs and spices were identified through literature search. The phytochemicals were then subjected to pharmacore modelling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation in order to identify phytochemicals that could serve as inhibitors of 3-Chymotryprin-like protease and RNA dependent–RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2. The drug-likeness and toxicity profile of the phytochemicals were afterwards predicted via ADMET studies. The mini survey showed ginger, garlic, bitter cola, as the lead-herbs which could find application in anti- COVID-19 therapy. Literature search revealed 27 phytochemicals were implicated for bioactivity of these herbs. Of these 27 phytoconstituents that were docked with 3-chymotrypsin-like protease and RNA dependent–RNA polymerase, the constituents of bitter cola had lower docking scores than other phytochemicals. MD simulation results showed that Garcinia biflavonoid I displayed less comformational changes and the better binding free energy. Also, the garcinia biflavonoids had relatively safe ADMET predictions. Hence, Garcinia biflavonoids and some other constituents of bitter cola could be further modified so as to obtain safe pharmaceutical intervention for the COVID-19 challenge. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Survey of graph network hierarchical information mining for classification

Survey of graph network hierarchical information mining for classification

Матвеевский прииск (Змеиногорский район)

The article discusses the materials of the survey of the copper mine, called «Matveevsky». The mine is located near Karamyshevo of the Zmeinogorsky district and was part of the infrastructure of the Second Karamyshevsky mine. When examining the well-preserved objects of the Matveevsky mine, both the remains of developments of the 18th–19th centuries and the more ancient “Chudsky” mines were recorded. Most likely, these mines became a marker for laying a mine. In addition, they have an external feature that distinguishes them from later objects — a dense turf cover of round and oval pits and dumps.

Modern methods of geotechnic – effective way of providing industrial safety in mines

Results of long term researches of scientists of Kazakh National Research Technical University (KazNRTU) on the study of geomechanical processes are considered. It is shown that the problem of controlling geomechanical processes can be solved on the basis of integrated system for geomonitoring of rock massif state, providing for comprehensive accounting and analysis of all natural and man-made factors, as well as use of developed control tools by the authors. Characteristic features of ore deposits, use of various geotechnical methods in the process of their development are analyzed. Using necessity of methods of satellite geodesy, electronic tacheometers and laser scanning for open – pit mines monitoring was revealed and substantiated. Permanent ground reference which allows to ensure speed and accuracy of centering, as well as to exclude use of tripods for installation of high-precision electronic and laser devices used for earth surface geomonitoring was developed by the authors. Firstly, particular attention is drawn to underground monitoring of deformation and rock mass destruction. Mining works experience detects main cause of massif disturbance is fracturing which is probabilistic in nature. In addition, rock blasting operations during execution of interchamber pillars (ICP) are sources of additional technological rocks fracturing, that also reduces load bearing capacity and pillars and roof stability. Secondly, during mining on chamber-and-pillar development system in mined-out chambers, repeatedly increased leading rock pressure moves between support pillars or conjunction of mine workings, which threatens with sudden roof collapse ensuing serious consequences. Therefore, to monitor roof displacement during cleaning operations, distance determination method of roof displacement has been developed and ICP, which allows operational monitoring of underground workings stability and increase safety of mining operations. Method is based on the task of tool creating that allows to constantly register roof displacement in order to timely warn of impending roof collapse and take necessary measures. Thirdly, considering that ultimate goal for all geomechanical studies is to ensure industrial safety, in order to prevent further progressive pillars destruction, composition for strengthening fractured rock mass has been developed. Composition is oriented for hardening fractured rocks in open – pit mines and hardening distructed inter-chamber pillars and ceilings in underground workings. Technical result: mining waste utilization – (mill tailings), achievement of high fluidity of solution, adhesion to rocks and strength of obtained composition. Constant monitoring of state of massif fracturing and their strengthening can significantly extend service life of pillars, increase stability of worked-out space and, thereby, ensure safety and efficiency of mining operations. The work was attended by M. B. Nurpeisova, professor of Department of Mine Surveying of Kazakh National Research University named after K. I. Satpayev, Doctor of Engineering Sciences and Sh. K. Aitkazinova, PhD doctor. The study was supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Grant No. АР08857097 Integrated Monitoring of Slow Deformation on Ground Surface in the Course of Large-Scale Mineral Mining in Kazakhstan.

Methods of Improving the Quality of Mine Surveying

Methods of Improving the Quality of Mine Surveying

Unsaturated fatty acids and a prenylated tryptophan derivative from a rare actinomycete of the genus Couchioplanes.

A genome mining survey combined with metabolome analysis of publicly available strains identified Couchioplanes sp. RD010705, a strain belonging to an underexplored genus of rare actinomycetes, as a producer of new metabolites. HPLC-DAD-guided fractionation of its fermentation extracts resulted in the isolation of five new methyl-branched unsaturated fatty acids, (2E,4E)-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (1), (2E,4E)-2,4,7-trimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (2), (R)-(−)-phialomustin B (3), (2E,4E)-7-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (4), (2E,4E)-7-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (5), and one prenylated tryptophan derivative, 6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-N-acetyl-ʟ-tryptophan (6). The enantiomer ratio of 4 was determined to be approximately S/R = 56:44 by a recursive application of Trost’s chiral anisotropy analysis and chiral HPLC analysis of its methyl ester. Compounds 1–5 were weakly inhibitory against Kocuria rhizophila at MIC 100 μg/mL and none were cytotoxic against P388 at the same concentration.

Discussion on Function and Development Direction of Mine Survey in Coal Mine Safety Production

Discussion on Function and Development Direction of Mine Survey in Coal Mine Safety Production