Mining Management Research Articles

THE CRIMINAL ACT OF ILLEGAL MINING OF SAND AND GROSOK

The control of minerals and coal by the state as referred to in Paragraph (1) is organized by the Government and Regional Governments. The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze the management of river sand mining and grosok in accordance with applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia, also examine and analyze criminal law enforcement on illegal mining of river sand and grosok. This research is included in normative legal research. The results showed that to conduct community mining activities in river sand mining according to Law No. 4/2009 concerning Mineral and Coal is Article. 1 number 10; Article. 1 number 12; Article. 20; Article. 21; Article. 22; Article. 24; Article. 25; Article. 26; Article. 35; Article. 67; Article. 68; Article. 69; Article. 70; Article. 72; Article. 73; Article. 104; Article. 131 and Article 132 with their criminal sanctions are contained in Article. 158, Article, 159 and Article. 165. The investigation of criminal act of illegal mining of river sand and grosok by police officers of the Directorate of Special Criminal Investigation of East Java Regional Police resulted in the conclusion that there was a criminal act of illegal mining by everyone who conduct the mining without a permit, as referred to in Article 158 of Law of Republic Indonesia No. 3/2020 concerning amendments to Law of Republic Indonesia No. 4/2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, which has been amended by Law of Republic Indonesia No. 11/2020 concerning Job Creation.

A novel method for reducing the amount of dust produced by roadheaders based on the numerical simulation of coal breakage

Dust pollution is a serious environmental hazard during the tunneling in coal mines. Despite the presented dust control technologies, the method of reducing dust production has not been adequately investigated. This paper conducted cutting tests with various tip angles and attack angles using numerical models. A novel method for reducing the production of dust, based on the simulation results, was proposed and verified in the field experiments. The cutting force, work and crack extensions were analyzed. The concentrations of dust in laboratory tests were linked to the simulation results. The simulated results showed that the conical pick with a large tip angle could increase the cutting force and work and cause more cracks. The attack angle had a negative relation with the cutting force and work. The field experiments suggested that the amount of dust could be significantly reduced by using conical picks with a small tip angle. A slower rotation speed of the cutting head could alleviate dust hazards. The results are of momentous relevance for mine managers and researchers to reduce the production of dust during tunneling and control the dust more efficient.

SYNCHRONIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW TO MINING LAW IN SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL MINING GOVERNANCE IN INDONESIAS LEGAL SYSTEM

Mining management in Indonesia, should pay attention to aspects of environmental sustainability. The facts show that most of the mining management in Indonesia does not pay attention to aspects of environmental sustainability. For this reason, based on legal norms, mining regulations in Indonesia should be synchronized with environmental regulations. This is the issue of research articles written. Based on the results of research using normative research methods, environmental law norms and mining legal norms synergize where mining law has a very close relationship with environmental law, because every business and mining activity, whether it is related to mineral and coal mining or oil mining and natural gas are required to maintain the continuity of the carrying capacity and capacity of the environment and the preservation of environmental functions.Kata.

Evolutionary game and simulation analysis on management synergy in China’s coal emergency coordination

Once coal mine accidents occur, a series of chain reactions will bring radiation effects that are difficult to solve in the short term to the normal operation of the economy and society. Therefore, the post-disaster management of coal mine accident is particularly important. Coal mine emergency response involves many stakeholders, and it needs various regions, departments to achieve multi-agent, multi-level effective collaboration to ensure that the coal mine accidents are controlled as soon as possible. Local governments and coal mine enterprises are the main forces in the post-accident emergency management of coal mines, but the differences in their interest motives, preferences and cognitive structures make it difficult for the relevant emergency managers to make correct decisions in the complex accident management environment, therefore, the game relationship between conflict and cooperation among related subjects is explored based on the perspective of game theory. This study establishes a game model of coal mine accident response behavior between coal mining enterprises and local governments, and quantitatively adopts the method of numerical simulation analysis to conduct in-depth analysis of the influencing factors of their decision-making behavior. The results reveal that: 1) the establishment of an information sharing mechanism is an important condition for local governments to efficiently and quickly start the incident response process for coal mine accidents; 2) Under the proper supervision of local government, the impact of the reduction of emergency response cost on the active response of coal mining enterprises is more significant and direct, that is, The cost of emergency response is the decisive factor affecting the incident response work of coal mining company; 3) the establishment of emergency cost compensation mechanism and incentive mechanism should also be the focus of local governments in formulating emergency coordination policies in the future. This study provides scientifc and reasonable management suggestions in line with the actual situation of China and provides a useful reference for local government to formulate the optimal strategy for emergency coordination in coal mine emergencies, to improve the motivation of each coordinating subjects and to improve the current situation of emergency coordination in China’s coal mines.

The Impact of Indonesia's Mining Industry Regulation on the Protection of Indigenous Peoples

The government has established various policies regarding mining in Indonesia. Still, an important question that needs to be asked is whether these policies have provided benefits, justice, and balance for indigenous and tribal peoples. This study aims to analyze the impact of Indonesian mining regulations on the protection of indigenous peoples. This is a normative legal research effort. The literature review gathers information from document analysis, which is analyzed qualitatively. Data analysis is descriptive-analytic in nature. The study results show that the impact of mining regulations still needs to reflect the recognition and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. There is a need to improve mining management legislation and systems. Standardization of reclamation and post-mining management is required to provide implementation guidelines that meet the needs of the community. It has no negative impact on the community surrounding the mine. Licensing is one policy that can be used to implement standardization, which means keeping an eye on how the land is managed after mining, how waste is handled, and how policies are made to encourage mining and conservation activities that are good for the environment.

Ecological insight into antibiotic resistome of ion-adsorption rare earth mining soils from south China by metagenomic analysis

Antibiotic resistome has led to growing global threat to public health. Rare earth elements play important roles in modern society and mining activity for them has caused serious impact on soil ecosystems. However, antibiotic resistome in, especially, ion-adsorption rare earth-related soils is still poorly understood. In this work, soils were collected from ion-adsorption rare earth mining areas and adjacent regions of south China and metagenomic analysis was employed for profile, driving factors and ecological assembly of antibiotic resistome in the soils. Results show prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to tetracycline/fluoroquinolone (adeF), peptide (bcrA), aminoglycoside (rpsL), tetracycline (tet(A)) and mupirocin (mupB) in ion-adsorption rare earth mining soils. Profile of antibiotic resistome is accompanied by its driving factors, i.e., physicochemical properties (La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Y of rare earth elements in 12.50–487.90 mg kg−1), taxonomy (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs, plasmid pYP1, Transposase_20). Variation partitioning analysis and partial least-squares-path modeling demonstrate that taxonomy is the most important individual contributor and pose most direct/indirect effect to antibiotic resistome. Further, null model analysis reveals stochastic processes as dominant ecological assembly of antibiotic resistome. This work advances our knowledge on antibiotic resistome with emphasis on ecological assembly in ion-adsorption rare earth-related soils for ARGs mitigation, mining management and mine restoration.

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN TAMBANG MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI (MIGAS)

The purpose of this research is to find out how well oil and gas management policies comply with applicable regulations. The research location is in Jambe Bay, Kedungbanteng Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency. Interviews, observations, and written notes were used as data collection methods in this qualitative research. As well as primary and secondary data are used as data sources. The research findings show that PT. MinarakBrantas Gas in managing the gas mine in TelukJambe, Kedungbanteng village, tends to ignore the applicable regulations as stipulated in Law No. 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas and Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2009 concerning spatial planning for the Sidoarjo Regency area in 2009-2029. It can be seen as follows: (1) In terms of policy effectiveness, mining business actors have not been effective in providing employment opportunities for local communities and have not been effective in developing village territories (2) In terms of policy responsiveness, it can be seen from the rejection of the community which has an impact on gas mining activities (3) In terms of policy smoothing, with the existence of a mining licensing policy, mine managers will benefit more than the affected communities. (4) Regarding the accuracy of the policy, the management of the gas mine in the village of Kedungbanteng is dominated by negative impacts such as damaged roads and land subsidence which causes flooding in settlements and rice fields belonging to the people of Kedungbanteng village

FOREIGN SHARE OWNERSHIP LIMITS IN THE BUSINESS FIELD OF MINERAL AND COAL MINING ON PEOPLE’S WELFARE

<p>Natural Resources as an unrenewable resources are a gift from God Almighty and owned by the Indonesian people, according to Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, and their management must be used to realize people’s welfare. In practice, the management of mineral and coal mining is carried out by involving foreign investors who require security guarantee for their business and investment. This research aims to answer the problem regarding setting limits on foreign share of ownership in the mineral and coal mining business sector in Indonesia and its implementation. This problem is then used as a basis for consideration to realize policies that have legal certainty to support efforts to realize people’s welfare. This study uses two theories, namely the purpose of law (Gustav Radburch) and the theory of the legal system (Lawrence Friedman). The research method used is normative juridical with empirical juridical support.</p>The findings of the research show that in enforcing limits on foreign share ownership there is still law smuggling, for example through borrowing names or nominees to secure the interests of foreign investors even though normatively they do not fulfill the legal terms of agreement as stipulated in article 1320 of the Civil Code. For investors the nominee agreement is a legal solution to ensure the security of investment in the mining sector in Indonesia. Therefore, the state needs to carry out supervision and law enforcement so that limitation on foreign share ownership can be implemented in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. So that the purpose of exploiting mineral and coal mining for the welfare of the people in the mining sector can be realized and in

Review of machine learning application in mine blasting

Mine blasting has adopted machine learning (ML) into its practices with the aims of performance optimization, better decision-making process, and work safety. This study is aimed at reviewing the status of ML method applications to mine blasting issues. One of the most important observations of this research highlights the developed ML methods such as hybrids/ensembles, outperforming the other methods at 61% of the sample of case studies. The first section provides a background on the application of ML methods in mining. Two sections of the review provide the trends in the application of ML methods and the utilization of input parameters in surface and underground blasting problems. The appraisal reveals an increase of hybrid/ensemble or highly developed ML methods for the top four blast issues on the surface (72%) and underground (45%). The sample of studies reviewed indicated through graphical/statistical means a continuing increase in hybrids/ensembles’ use mirrored by high research output for the top four surface blast issues. This is contrasted by a low rate of research in underground blasting, under the encountered operational conditions applied. Regarding the input parameters, controllable parameters (blast design and geometry) were recognized to be steadily used in surface blasting for the top four surface blast issues, along with less involvement from the uncontrollable parameters (geological and geotechnical parameters). On the contrary, underground blasting has a slight involvement of the uncontrollable parameters more than the controllable parameters, in the top four blast issues. In the final section of this paper, the review offers a discussion of the current state of research under the encountered limits and where the efforts should be focused concerning ML methods applied, input parameters involved, and the challenges faced. Such high levels of performances are in demand in a highly complex mining environment. Persistent research, and development of mining employees’ technological skills alongside an increased awareness among mining industry of the benefits of highly developed ML techniques, is greatly needed at this stage. This would establish the role of highly developed ML methods in improving both the blasting process and the overall decision-making and mining management.

Management, productivity, and technology choices: evidence from U.S. mining schools

AbstractA key difference between managers and other production inputs is that managers choose the other inputs. Modelling management as a Hicks‐neutral productivity shifter, which is a common practice, omits the productivity returns from these input decisions. I illustrate this through a historical episode in which technology choices were important and managers plausibly influenced those choices.I study the entry of the first mining college graduates into coal mine management positions in Pennsylvania. Whereas the Hicks‐neutral productivity effect of these managers was negative and not significantly different from zero, their indirect productivity effect through electrical locomotive adoption was 3% on average.

Applying the VIKOR Method to Select the Optimal Underground Mining Technology

The selection of the most appropriate underground mining technology is not a simple process because it involves handling of a large amount of information about several potential methods. Multicriteria optimization approaches are proven useful tools for ranking alternatives, especially in cases where multiple complex criteria have to be considered simultaneously. An ore deposit is a complex system because of its geology, physical and mechanical properties, and hydrogeological conditions. As such, problem solving requires a heuristic approach and includes tasks involving expert judgement, intuition, estimation, and experience. Using a heuristic strategy to state a problem means that the analyst is placed in a position to apply past experience to a future situation and existing knowledge to new circumstances, as well as discover new avenues to creative problem solving. A complex algorithm was developed to pave the way to quality management of mining, by using the VIKOR method to rank various mining technologies relative to a set of criteria and select the optimum mining method that will primarily ensure profitable and safe mining.

Ecological Restoration and Transformation of Maoming Oil Shale Mining Area: Experience and Inspirations

Oil shale is a kind of unconventional energy resource with abundant reserves, but its exploitation has a continuous negative impact on the environment, which has hindered the research and exploitation of oil shale under the international environmental consensus on issues such as climate change. Therefore, more attention should be paid to environmental problems as the side effect of oil shale exploitation. With the combination of field research, literature collection, and tracking survey, the oil shale open-pit exploitation and management process in Maoming, Guangdong, China, has been investigated, and its development and transformation model has been subsequently refined and summarized. The research results show that Maoming oil shale open-pit mine area has gone through four main stages: pre-exploitation stage, large-scale utilization stage, restoration stage, and green development stage. Through the management of mine pit treatment, vegetation restoration, ecological park construction, and tourism resource development, the abandoned open-pit mine has been transformed into an ecological park combining ecosystem, tourism, and cultural resources. In this process, this area has achieved the transformation from rough resource extraction to environment-friendly sustainable growth in its development mode. As a successful case of open-pit mine management in the world, the ecological restoration experience in Maoming can function as a reference for the smooth development and transformation of other oil shale mines in developing countries.

An optimized modeling for in-situ stresses based on Rhino accurate modeling and large-scale transverse isotropic theory

In-situ stresses are significantly important for underground mining geotechnical design and coal seam gas management in underground coal mines. Aiming at regions with geological structures, this paper proposes an in-situ stress inversion method combining Rhino precise modeling and transverse isotropy theory, and tests it near the Guodishan fault. The results show that the application of Rhino precise modeling and transversely isotropic model in in-situ stress inversion shows advantages in improving the accuracy of in-situ stress calculation. In addition, based on the inversion analysis of in-situ stress near the Guodishan fault, we believe that the fault structure has a significant impact on the distribution of in-situ stress. Within the elevation range of − 400 m to − 800 m, the horizontal stress and vertical stress of the footwall are greater than those of the hanging wall. Moreover, the K ratio near the fault is generally less than 1, but the K ratio in the footwall is usually greater than that in the hanging wall, indicating that the tectonic stress has a stronger influence on the footwall. It is worth noting that the stress gradient near the fault is higher, which may lead to higher disaster risk.

Paradoxes and dilemmas of responsible leadership in the mining industries of emerging economies – it is complex

Background: Amid increasing leadership failures in the global business context, the mining industry is one of the industries with many adverse incidents, affecting employee safety, the environment, and surrounding communities. Emerging economies tend to have unique socio-economic challenges and greater relative economic dependence on mining, presenting unique challenges to leaders. The purpose of this research was to study the realities of responsible leadership in the mining industry in an emerging economy. Methods: A qualitative research study, consisting of semi-structured interviews was conducted. Nine senior mine managers were selected to represent perspectives from different operations and mining houses. Data was gathered from August to October 2020 in South Africa, an emerging economy with significant mining operations. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted through the use of software, rendering five themes, with 12 sub-themes. Results: The research found that requirements on mining leaders in emerging economies demand consistent balancing of a complex set of competing risks, whilst attending to paradoxical requirements among operations, and internal and external stakeholders. Leaders face several competing requirements from stakeholders, the environment, mining practices, and time frames. Responsible leaders must navigate a paradoxical maze of needs and time horizons, with several conflicting forces and dilemmas, and dichotomous relationships. Responsible leadership in the mining industry of an emerging economy is a proverbial minefield of paradoxes and dilemmas between responsible intentions and practical realities. These paradoxes and dilemmas are specifically acute in the context of emerging economies due to the dire socio-economic situations. A total of 10 competencies emerged as essential responsible leadership requirements in this context. Conclusions: The study provides an in-depth understanding of the intricacies of responsible leadership in the mining industry of an emerging economy. This understanding will contribute to capacitating leaders in the mining industries of emerging economies to act responsibly.

Spatial dispersion hot spots of contamination and human health risk assessments of PTEs in surface sediments of streams around porphyry copper mine, Iran.

This comprehensive research has been conducted to consider the distribution of PTEs in the surface sediments of a recently developed Dar-e-Allo copper mine in dependence on the potential ecological and human health risks. Field sampling was carried out discreetly at preselected sampling spots including the natural background, the streams around the mine, waste rock drainages, evaporative deposits, sediments containing Fe oxy-hydroxides and secondary phases. Distribution of target elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Se, and Zn) showed high levels of crustal elements. As regards, Fe, Al, and S are identified to exist as the most copious elements in the earth's crust, so have the major portion of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the sediment concentrations. Evaluating environmental indices reflected that in general, Cu, S, and Mo have a higher quota of contamination in sedimentary systems. the pollution load index (PLI), modified contamination degree (mCd), Contamination factor (Cf), Sediment potential index (SPI), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and Contamination degree (Cd) confirm that sedimentary systems of mining area are heavily contaminated by PTEs and were not found within the guideline acceptable values. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) displayed a high or severe risk level for Cu with a peak in green-blue sediments containing secondary minerals. The results of total carcinogenic risk (TCRs) show that As has high toxicity level and carries a risk of carcinogenicity among children and adults. The TCRs for Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb with carcinogenic potential are found only in children and they are classified as the prime concern elements that have serious dangers to children's public health. The results of contamination source presumed that the sources of PTEs contamination were principally geogenic along with the anthropogenic sources in the study area. Therefore, the present study has highlighted the implication of human health risks of PTEs in sedimentary systems of copper mining, also will grant advice for prime stakeholders, including mine managers, Environmental Protection Agency, the government and public organizations in connection to protecting the environment, aquatic biota and consumer's health.

Distribution and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soil around Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province, China

The soil heavy metal pollution around the mine threatens crop growth and human health. Intensively studies of the distribution characteristics and source of soil heavy metals around some typical mines are very crucial for environmental management and green development of mine. A total of eighty-nine soil samples, twenty-one sediment samples, five waste rock samples and two tailing sand samples were sampled to investigate copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) in soil, sediment, waste rocks and tailings sand around Dexing Copper Mine, Jiangxi Province, China. The concentrations of the seven heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS/atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The Igeo values of soil heavy metal showed that 100% of Cu were at an unpolluted-to-moderately-polluted level (Igeo > 0), more than 50% of Cu were heavily polluted (Igeo > 3), 65.16%, and 22.47%, 7.86% and 7.87% of the soil samples for Cd, Hg, As and Zn were overly moderately polluted (Igeo > 1). A total of 13.48% and 11.24% of the soil samples for Pb and Cr, respectively, were moderately polluted (1 < Igeo < 2). The concentrations of heavy metals in soil were Compared with Risk Screening Values for Contamination of Agricultural Land (RSVCAL), with the concentration of 97.75% soil samples for Cu, and 69.21% of soil samples for Cd were higher than RSVCAL. In Dawu river basin the concentration of 50% soil samples for Pb were higher than RSVCAL. According to Igeo and RSVCAL, the soils around Dexing Copper Mine were polluted by heavy metals to some extent, with especially the Cu pollution of soil being the most serious. These heavy metal concentrations exceeding RSVCAL have threatened the safety of agricultural products. The results of soil profile analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicated that the mining activities of Dexing copper mine should be the main source of Cu in the soil. High As concentration in soil obviously caused by the copper mine as well. In addition, Dexing Copper Mine should partly account for soil pollution by Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr around the mine.

Unraveling the sustainability aspects of coal extraction and use in Bangladesh using material flow analysis and life cycle assessment

Bangladesh's metamorphosis into an export-based industrial economy from an agrarian one pushes its grid energy mix to lean towards a coal-dominated future which contradicts its Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) aspirations. Bangladesh needs local Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases to assist informed high-impact policymaking since product and process sustainability assessments are becoming inevitable for compliances. Bangladesh lacks an LCI database for coal mining and import which this study aimed to prepare. Besides, this study conducted both Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of coal to elucidate options for making imports and utilizations of coal more sustainable. The functional unit of the LCA was 1-MT (metric ton) energetic hard coal, the spatial system boundary was the international border of Bangladesh, and the temporal system boundary was the 2017 fiscal year. LCA used ILCD and ReCiPe 2006 impact assessment methods. The study used both primary and secondary data on mining, import, transportation, and sectoral use of coal. Overall, the environmental impacts of imported coal were higher than locally mined coal if the mining process at the source is considered. Coal consumption in Bangladesh mainly contributed to - Climate change (835 kg CO2 eq), causing 22% of the total environmental burden, followed by Human toxicity, cancer effects (18%); Acidification (16%); Human toxicity, non-cancer effects (13%) midpoint indicators. Coal sourcing scenario analysis indicated importing coal from Australia, South Africa, and Indonesia is the lower-impact options than importing from India. Surprisingly, MFA indicated 46% of the total input as hidden import flows, indicating the need for intensive investigation to evaluate hidden flows. MFA also indicated the need to reduce the reliance of brick kilns on coal besides assuring the cleanest coal-fired power plants. The results produced the baseline of impacts for mining, importing and using coal in Bangladesh as the country is poised to see a rapid increase in coal import, extraction and use. The hotspot analysis indicated options for coal mine management in Bangladesh to lower the environmental footprint of mining.

Mining dust as a health threat to employees of extraction departments of coal mines

Mining dust as a health threat to employees of extraction departments of coal mines

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НОВІТНІХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ СПОРУДЖЕННЯ СТВОЛІВ ТА СВЕРДЛОВИН ДЛЯ ПОВОЄННОЇ РОЗБУДОВИ ВУГІЛЬНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

Purpose Analysis of production experience, scientific and technical developments and assessment of prospects for the use and development of the latest technologies for the construction of vertical mine shafts and wells for the post-war development of the coal industry of Ukraine. Methods. The methods of analysis of the accumulated production experience of drilling shafts and wells, first, in the leading mining countries and in Ukraine, as well as scientific and technical literature, were use. Findings. The classification of technologies of vertical shafts and wells construction methods was consider. It’s tested and promising ones for Ukraine were analyze, in relation to the restoration and creation of mining capacities, technological schemes and equipment for the construction of vertical openings mainly with mechanical destruction of rocks in the hole, the production experience of the Donetskshakhtoprokhodka and Spetsshakhtoburinnia trusts was summarize. from the point of view of use, in particular, during the construction of new coal blocks of PJSC «Mining Management «Pokrovske», large-scale investment projects. The possibility of using a modified parallel technological scheme for traditional blasting technology is substantiate. The prospects of mechanized boring of shafts in Ukraine – by drilling and with the use of shaft boring combines of leading world manufacturers – were evaluate. These opportunities can be realize in case of acceptance and implementation by Ukraine's partners of a modern analogue of the "Marshall Plan" after the victory over the aggressor. Originality. The results of the analysis of technological schemes and methods of drilling vertical shafts and wells, the accumulated production experience and scientific and technical developments are summarize, the trends and prospects of the development of mine construction technologies – the driver of the development of the national mining industry – are considered. Practical implication. The analysis of technological schemes and methods of drilling vertical shafts and wells was perform based on domestic and foreign production experience. Key words: vertical shaft, borehole, sinking technology, mechanical fracture, rodless boring, shaft-borehole machine, pilot borehole.

Study on the problematic situations of diggers in the artisanal mining sector: Case of Kawama village, DR Congo

This study aims to analyze the problem situations relating to environmental management in the artisanal mining sub-sector. The results indicated the significant presence of children compelled to harmful work in the economic activities of mines and quarries. It begins by presenting the proportion of children working in the artisanal mining sector. She is also interested in the descriptive data drawn from the questionnaires concerning four fields of information: 1) the distribution of diggers according to sex 2) the distribution of diggers according to knowledge of the risk linked to the profession following environmental pollution 3) compliance with the provisions of the mining law by the structures committed to the management of artisanal mining 4) the distribution of diggers according to suspected illnesses related to environmental pollution. The article also examines the relationships between the environmental problem-situation and the variables of these four fields. The study also identified several environmental and health issues related to environmental management in this sub-sector of artisanal mining. Thus it was found that these diggers from Kawama village still have a more assertive perception of this pollution, which is why they cite the following diseases for which this pollution is responsible in mines and quarries: respiratory diseases, waterborne diseases, infectious and malformative diseases.