Individual Mind Research Articles

Gender differences in prevalence and clinical risk factors of suicide attempts in young adults with first-episode drug-naive major depressive disorder.

Suicide rates in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) change with age and gender. Early adulthood is an important transitional stage between late adolescence and adulthood, in which an individual's mind gradually matures. However, there are fewer studies on prevalence and variables linked to the suicide attempts of young adults with MDD. To explore gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors associated with suicide attempts in young adults with first-episode drug-naive MDD. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA) and Positive Subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms respectively and various biochemical indicators were assessed. Among 293 young adults with first-episode drug-naive MDD, the prevalence of suicide attempts was 15.45% (19/123) for males and 14.12% (24/170) for females. Males with suicide attempts had higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and higher PANSS Positive Subscale scores, whereas females with suicide attempts had higher TSH, serum total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and diastolic blood pressure levels and higher scores on the HRSD, HRSA, PANSS Positive Subscale (all Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05). In males, PANSS Positive Subscale score (B = 0.17, P = 0.03, OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.38) was a risk factor for suicide attempts. There were significant gender differences in the risk factors for suicide attempts in young adults with first-episode drug-naive MDD.

СМЕРТЬ СМЕРТИ СУБЪЕКТА

In modern philosophy, there is a synthesis of the main directions of classical philosophy of language of the early 20th century: analytical philosophy, hermeneutics and structuralism/poststructuralism. The article provides a brief overview of the idea of the disappearance of the subject in two of the three indicated natures – (post)structuralism, as well as in one of the school analytical philosophy – «critical rationalism». The author seeks to show the lack of meaningfulness of the thesis of the «death of the subject» in the context of the modern development of philosophy. The ideas of «death of the subject» and «death of the author» appear to the author as only slogans that contradict real history. As one example, the article notes the presence of authorship and the author in ancient literature, and the absence of this authorial individual in the scientific discourse of antiquity itself. The evolution of the category of subject in the Middle Ages is briefly examined. It is argued that both in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, the categories of subject and object are not yet connected in any way with the human individual, but retain a pure logical-grammatical interpretation: the subject is just the subject, the object of thought, and the object is just the predicate, predicate. The significance of medieval nominalism is also noted, which influenced the subsequent inversion of these categories: the subjective existence of the scholastics is transformed into an object, which leads to the category of objective reality, and objective existence turns into a subject (the Cartesian subject as an individual cognitive mind). Finally, the article examines some interpretations of the category of subject in 20th-century philosophy. Controversial aspects of these interpretations are criticized. The tendency towards a synthesis of various philosophical trends of the 20th century in the field of philosophy of language is also considered. As an additional classification, the author uses and analyzes the already traditional (after the works of R. Rorty) division of philosophy into «philosophy as a science» and «philosophy as literature». Philosophy as a science is seen by the author as the mainstream, and philosophy as literature as marginalia of the European tradition.

Mourning revolutions in the virtual anastasis

Mourning Revolutions in the Virtual Anastasis is a psychoanalytical and philosophical analysis, that places contemporary technologies and emerging practices for digital and virtual mourning into conversation with Freudian, Jungian, and Lacanian concepts. Through a series of speculations, the text wants to scrutinise the motives behind today's simulative technologies and hypothesise about the future interrelation between the individual and the absence of death. Although the argument is presented by clearly assuming a contrasting position to the use of VR high-tech novelties, the aim is still to offer a point of reflection rather than imposing a unilateral perspective. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on the multifaceted instances of virtually resurrecting loved ones and the inevitable revolutions that will be carried within the mourning process, ultimately departing from orthodox psychological views. The impacts of these revolutions are still largely obscure, but some light will be thrown by examining the internal dynamics of the individual mind and society as a whole. It will be argued how technological advancements, habitually embraced as a sign of evolution, contextualised within the main argumentation, hold a significant risk of being just an illusion of progress: a social regressive phenomenon in its enactment of unconscious fixations. Moreover, thought-provoking claims challenging the psychosocial institutions are delivered to unfold the ethical and political dynamics, particularly concerning psychoanalysis. The reader might find the role of the latter devalued in the critique engaged, in truth, the concluding argumentation is almost an ode to the practice by expressing the hope that by abandoning its tight conservative frame, such an essential tool of analysis will maintain its relevance in the 21st century. The conclusion of such an adventurous exploration will propose psychoanalysis as philosophy with a clinic.

Where is the life we have lost in living (beyond means)? An exploratory inquiry into the deceptive world of corruption and consumerism

Purpose The primary purpose of this exploratory paper is to propose a novel analytical framework for examining corruption from a behavioral perspective by highlighting multiple issues associated with consumerism. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the relationship between excessive consumption activities and corrupt acts, drawing upon existing literature on corruption, consumerism and consumption, as well as multiple reports and cases of corruption and money laundering in Indonesia. With regard to corruption networks, this paper analyses the associated behavioral patterns and social dynamics by using the Fraud Triangle and the Fraud Elements Triangle frameworks to examine the phenomenon of living beyond one’s means. This paper also addresses the notion of sacredness in the context of consumer activities and how such sacredness plays a role in causing otherwise honest individuals to engage in corrupt acts. Findings The author established that corruption represents a complex societal issue that extends across several dimensions of society, encompassing both horizontal and vertical aspects. Consequently, addressing this problem poses significant challenges. Excessive consumption has been identified as one of the various behavioral concerns that are implicated in the widespread occurrence of corruption in many nations. Individuals who partake in excessive consumption play a role in shaping ethical norms that serve to legitimize and rationalize immoral behavior, therefore fostering a society marked by corruption. The act of engaging in excessive consumption is also associated with cases of money laundering offenses that are connected to corruption and several other illicit activities. The lifestyle of corrupt individuals is one of the primary behavioral concerns associated with corruption, as “living beyond means” is the most common behavioral red flag among occupational fraud offenders worldwide. The phenomenon of consumerism may also shape the minds of individuals as if it were an “implicit religion” due to the fact that it may generate human experiences that elicit highly positive emotions and satisfy certain sacredness-associated characteristics. The pursuit of transcendental experiences through the acquisition and consumption of sacred consumption objects may heighten the incentive to commit fraudulent acts such as corruption. Research limitations/implications This self-funded exploratory study uses document analysis to examine the corruption phenomenon in Indonesia. Future studies will benefit from in-depth interviews with former offenders and investigators of corruption. Practical implications This exploratory study contributes to advancing corruption prevention strategies. It does this by introducing a novel analytical framework that allows for the examination of several behavioral issues associated with consumerism, which have the potential to foster the proliferation of corruption. Originality/value This exploratory study highlights the importance of comprehending the intricacies of consumerism, namely, its adverse effects on the proliferation of corruption.

Would you exchange your soul for immortality?-existential meaning and afterlife beliefs predict mind upload approval.

Mind upload, or the digital copying of an individual brain and mind, could theoretically allow one to "live forever." If such a technology became available, who would be most likely to approve of it or condemn it? Research has shown that fear of death positively predicts the moral approval of hypothetical mind upload technology, while religiosity may have the opposite effect. We build on these findings, drawing also from work on religiosity and existential mattering as predictors of perceived meaning in one's life. In a cross-sectional study (N = 1,007), we show that existential mattering and afterlife beliefs are negatively associated with moral approval of mind upload technology: people who believe there is a soul or some form of afterlife and who also report a high level of existential mattering, are least likely to morally approve of mind upload technology. Indeed, mind uploading-if it ever becomes feasible-is a form of technology that would fundamentally redraw the existential boundaries of what it means to be human.

Медиаманипуляции: критический подход

This article provides a critical analysis of the phenomenon of media manipulation in the context of the philosophy of Herbert Marcuse. The works of the philosopher reveal in detail the essence of manipulation as a way of introducing imposed standards of consumption into the minds of individuals. This way of managing society in a market economy is aimed at the hidden enslavement of citizens as well as increasing the profits of the ruling class. According to H. Marcuse, the main task of the media in bourgeois society is the formation of false needs, prerequisites for the purchase of goods. As practice shows, in the conditions of the information society and the increasing influence of new media, this interpretation of manipulation remains relevant. New forms of destructive audience control (consumers, voters) are currently being used on social networks. They mimic various community initiatives that are identified through critiques of reports and fact-checking. Based on modern material, the article shows some of the characteristic features of manipulative influence. New forms of employment – freelancing and play work – are considered manipulative constructs aimed at increasing the exploitation of individuals. Such forms of employment are widespread in the modern media industry. The penetration of the phenomenon under consideration into all spheres of human life allows us to speak about the total nature of the manipulative world order. Based on the analysis performed in the article, we can conclude that H. Marcuse's conceptual apparatus still applies. Some modern followers of his philosophical views successfully use critical theory as a way to explain various events and social processes. A critical assessment of the various manifestations of a one-dimensional society in the future serves as the basis for overcoming various destructive practices. The article emphasizes that a critical analysis of manipulative influence is connected with the ethical side of the work of mass media. The idea of morally acceptable forms and practices of mass communications today is one of the most common topics in scientific, scientificpractical, and industry literature on the ethics of journalistic creativity.

The Function of Humanities Education in Russian Language at University

Humanities education emphasizes humanistic education, aims at perfecting personality, and focuses on achieving and promoting the harmonious development of individual body and mind. Humanities education in universities is mainly embodied in general education courses, but specialized courses education also plays a non-negligible and irreplaceable role in cultivating humanities education for college students. In this paper, we explore the functions of specialized Russian courses in disseminating humanistic knowledge, enlightening humanistic thoughts, cultivating humanistic spirit and shaping a sound personality from the perspective of university Russian education, and discuss the qualities that teachers should possess and the role they should play in it.

Representation Signs of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Smile Film by Parker Finn

Abstract: This research focuses on understanding the signs that portray Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the film Smile, employing Charles Sander Pierce's triadic sign theory framework, encompassing Representamen, Object, and Interpretant. The research methodology employed is a qualitative descriptive approach, with textual and visual data forming the basis for analysis. The primary data sources include images and transcripts from the film Smile, released in 2022. The film Smile, directed by Parker Finn, was chosen as the representative work due to its successful portrayal of an individual's experience with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. This representation involves various types of signs that depict the psychological state of the character Rose. The analysis is conducted using a sign analysis approach within the context of the film. Through this analysis, can comprehend how trauma is represented, interpreted, and processed in an individual's mind and emotions through the various signs that manifest in the film.

Linguistic cognition and worldview

ABSTRACT Herslund’s cognitive-perceptual and communication models, comprising a typological theory of linguistic worldview, are replaced by an integrated cybernetic-semiotic model, where language/text is understood as cognition, as individual linguistic discourse acts and collective discourse interaction. Thus, actual cognitive-linguistic communication is not situational context, but the pragmatic basis. As such, it constructs its further socio-cultural cognitive domain and its universe of discourse, characterizing it with a language-specific worldview inherent in its dynamic competence. Perceptual-actional cognition constructs the human natural Umwelt. Integrated cognition maps triune reality, with its natural, mental, and cultural dimensions. Just as the mental is an aspect of the biological world, society-culture is a construction by individual minds. Linguistic cognition is subjective discourse acts, performed by particular minds, or intersubjective discourse interaction – communication within the historical-general commind of a society-culture. Owing to the diversification of human language into divergent types of linguistic practices and traditions, interlocutors entertain specific linguistic worldviews and construct and live in divergent society-cultures. Furthermore, they have (inter)personal cognitive mappings of themselves, their interlocutors, their in-groups and out-groups, and express these identities in discourse. Since linguistic and non-linguistic cognition is integrated and displayed in consciousness, individuals inhabit diverse bio-cultural worlds-of-living – in-group homeworlds and out-group alienworlds.

“Take the Pickaxe of Your Understanding and Dig!”

Abstract In the late Middle Ages, Christine de Pizan contributed decisively to the development of Renaissance humanist ideas, which later resulted in the principle of the Enlightenment. In The Book of the City of Ladies, she laid the foundation for establishing a self-determined way of thinking that did not rely on authorities in the search for truth, but on the individual mind and one’s own experience as primary sources of knowledge—she urged people to have the courage to use their own senses. This now famous appeal is mainly and primarily associated with Kant and the Enlightenment, although de Pizan had already formulated a similar postulate 380 years earlier. The study of de Pizan also provides evidence that ideas of (early) female thinkers are partly integrated into the (philosophical) work of later male thinkers and sold as their own sole intellectual property. Only by determining the role of women in (philosophical) history do such facts become clear.

Augmentation and translation crowdsourcing

Abstract This paper critically discusses how crowdsourcing relate to the emergence of the so-called translation augmentation paradigm. As a broad generalization, these two technology-driven phenomena emerged as possible solutions to achieve better, more efficient or speedier solutions to complex problems than those that single individuals can solve on their own. They both can be contextualized within 4EA approaches to cognition, reframing problem-solving towards a distributed and extended perspective that goes beyond the limitations of the individual mind. Nevertheless, augmented translation refers to the coupling of human and machines in a technology-centric approach that attempts to increase the cognitive capabilities of translators, who remain in the loop and in charge (Lommel 2020; Angelone 2023). It relates to existing technological integrated systems beyond just the automation brought by TM and MT that learn and adapt from humans. The paper (1) interrelates distributed and extended cognitive approaches and crowdsourcing (Risku, Pein-Weber &amp; Rogl 2016; Jiménez-Crespo 2017; Risku &amp; Windhager 2020) in relation to AI and intelligence augmentation (IA), (2) analyzes the existing fuzziness in the theoretical and conceptual constructs to translation augmentation, (3) explores issues related to the locus of control and the center of the cognitive system in augmented crowdsourcing, as well as (4) looks ahead by introducing unexplored areas such as social augmentation. In doing so, the paper will attempt to answer whether human translators in crowdsourcing initiatives are, in fact, “in charge” and – or augmented.

Reflecting on metaphors and the possibilities of ‘language change’ in teaching and teacher education

ABSTRACT The paper suggests that ‘language change’ might hold an important key to aspects of educational reform and to the betterment of teacher education. The language we identify as contributing the most to the ineffectiveness of educational reform is the educational language impregnated by psychologised metaphors, which dominate educational discourses – a language that utilises constructs (e.g. self, mind, cognition), as if those were ‘things’ located within an individual. We argue that psychologised language creates and uses metaphors for students and teachers that constitute obstacles to learning/knowing. Psychologised metaphors produce learning/teaching ‘technologies’ that bring about subsequent practices that work against the declared school goals, while pathologizing individual minds and holding them responsible for departing from assumed universal patterns of normality. The paper suggests some alternative paths by proposing a different metaphor (learning as performance) and discussing its implications for teaching and teacher education.

Healing and Meaning Making Through Storytelling and Poetry

AbstractThe article highlights the way storytelling and poetry can heal a worried mind and make sense of life events. Three main focuses will be presented and discussed. First is the nature and quality of storytelling and how it relates to meaning making and life events. Second is the healing power and freedom of the words used in poetry. Third is storytelling and poetry as imagination and everyday experiences. The relationship between meaning making and storytelling is something neither determined by innate biological drives nor solely created in the individual mind. To speak of meaning making in first-person narratives, one must include the concepts of culture, politics, history, and living in the world with others. By weaving concepts from the field of art, philosophy, history, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, the manuscript shows how storytelling and poetry deal with experiences and emotions that affect our understanding of life events. First-person narratives guide us back to people’s everyday experiences and let us understand human experiences and meaning making in the way that they are seamlessly lived. Meaning making and storytelling are universal cultural activities that we need to understand to communicate and understand oneself and others.

EXPLORING PEDAGOGIES OF AFFECT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR ENHANCED EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the pedagogies of affect in secondary school physical education, with a specific focus on their role in promoting students' emotional well-being. It addresses existing gaps in the literature by integrating Self-Determination Theory (SDT), examining teacher awareness and motivation, promoting a holistic concept of health, considering the Indonesia educational context, and utilizing a pragmatic mixed methods approach. A literature study approach is employed. The findings reveal that teacher engagement in pedagogies of affect significantly influences students' emotional well-being. Need-supportive teaching behaviors directly impact affective learning outcomes, emphasizing the importance of autonomy, relatedness, and intrinsic motivation. Teachers' self-awareness and the quality of teacher-student relationships play pivotal roles in shaping emotional experiences in physical education. This research contributes novel insights into the field, offering a comprehensive framework for promoting emotional well-being in physical education. It highlights the transformative potential of education in nurturing not only the bodies but also the hearts and minds of young individuals in the pursuit of overall well-being.

Promiscuous Kinds and Individual Minds

Promiscuous realism is the thesis that there are many equally legitimate ways of classifying the world’s entities. Advocates of promiscuous realism are typically taken to hold the further the- sis, often undistinguished, that kind terms usefully deployed in scientific generalisations are no more natural than those deployed for any other purposes. Call this further thesis promiscuous nat- uralism. I here defend a version of promiscuous realism which denies promiscuous naturalism. To do so, I introduce the notion of a promiscuous kind: a kind that is maximally usefully referenced in predictive and explanatory generalisations, none of which are scientific generalisations. I first defend the claim that pain is a promiscuous kind before extending these considerations to everyday mental kinds more generally. I draw on further reflections from both everyday life and contem- porary psychology to make credible the novel suggestion that our everyday theory of our minds is for the explanation and prediction of individuals. Combined with the complex idiosyncrasy of individual minds, this suggested aim of everyday theory gives us reason to think that promiscuity is prevalent among everyday mental kinds.

Philippine parapsychology

The many well-documented cases of paranormal phenomena in the Philippines may be interpreted as manifestations of the intuitive and deeply empathic interpersonal dynamics of Filipinos and the seemingly transpersonal nature of their individual psyches. A heightened sense of cultural empathy may explain various telepathic or prophetic experiences that are very common to the point of being an ordinary experience. The spirits of folklore, which are said to have observable effects in the physical world, indicate a continuum from material to spiritual, and implies that the individual mind goes beyond the self and recognizes separate, sentient expressions of their own psyche in nature. This paper aims to be a general overview of Philippine parapsychology. A novel framework is suggested, and represented via the Sarili-Mundo model, which may be applied to future research on any variation of paranormal phenomena across the thousands of islands belonging to the multi-ethnic Philippine archipelago.

OVERVIEW RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS ABOUT ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Adolescence, the time of life when people are changing and maturing between childhood and maturity. Adolescents are defined by the World Health Organization as those between the ages of 10 and 19. However, adolescence is sometimes incorrectly and narrowly associated with puberty and the physical changes that lead to reproductive maturity in many civilizations. Adolescence is not only associated with physical changes but also with developmental shifts in the individual's mind, social life, and moral code in certain cultures. The term "adolescence" is essentially equal to "teens" in these cultures, referring to the time between the ages of 12 and 20. Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder characterized by self-starvation and medically low body weight. Research indicates that anorexia nervosa develops through complex interaction among social, psychological and biological risk factors. Anorexia nervosa is most common in adolescent girls and young women but affects other age groups and genders. Maximum girls fearing of gaining weight and distorted perception of weight.

Literary Works and the Metaphysics of Influence

When interpreting literary works, interpreters almost always rely on connections between the literary works and other aspects of our world – e.g., historical time periods, cultures, other artworks, artistic movements, and so on. But how can we explain both the nature and role of these connections? I argue that this can be fruitfully explained with reference to relations that exist between literary works and other aspects of human culture, which is a class of relations that I call ‘interpretation-relevant relations.’ I also argue that an important component of these relations is a mind-independent connection of influence between the relata. Finally, I argue that these interpretation-relevant relations (with the component of influence) can be taken to be real, mind-independent elements of the world, if we recognize that literary works are public artifacts and so are part of the fabric of human culture, which depends on human minds for its existence and persistence but not for its ontological nature. All of this can hold even if interpretations are the products of individual minds interacting intentionally with literary works.

Empty Reality, Luminous Mind: The Metaphysics of “One Reality” and “One Mind” in Shi Sengwei’s “Shizhu jing hanzhu xu”

Abstract This paper is the first in-depth study of Shi Sengwei’s 釋僧衛 (fl. late fourth and early fifth centuries) “Shizhu jing hanzhu xu” 十住經含注序. By situating Sengwei’s text in the proper intellectual-historical context and proposing crucial emendations in its surviving recensions, I analyze its ontological and psychological claims that advance a unique metaphysical theory that explains the emergence of sense objects and individual minds as the result of the interaction between “one reality” (yifa 一法) and “one mind” (yixin 一心). I then identify philosophical and phraseological influences of Huiyuan’s 慧遠 (334–416) theory of the imperishability of the soul (shen bumie 神不滅) on Sengwei’s thought, and furthermore argue that Sengwei’s “one mind” was the source of the theory of the “one mind” in the Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論.

The Social Route to Abstraction: Interaction and Diversity Enhance Performance and Transfer in a Rule-Based Categorization Task.

Capacities for abstract thinking and problem-solving are central to human cognition. Processes of abstraction allow the transfer of experiences and knowledge between contexts helping us make informed decisions in new or changing contexts. While we are often inclined to relate such reasoning capacities to individual minds and brains, they may in fact be contingent on human-specific modes of collaboration, dialogue, and shared attention. In an experimental study, we test the hypothesis that social interaction enhances cognitive processes of rule-induction, which in turn improves problem-solving performance. Through three sessions of increasing complexity, individuals and groups were presented with a problem-solving task requiring them to categorize a set of visual stimuli. To assess the character of participants' problem representations, after each training session, they were presented with a transfer task involving stimuli that differed in appearance, but shared relations among features with the training set. Besides, we compared participants' categorization behaviors to simulated agents relying on exemplar learning. We found that groups performed superior to individuals and agents in the training sessions and were more likely to correctly generalize their observations in the transfer phase, especially in the high complexity session, suggesting that groups more effectively induced underlying categorization rules from the stimuli than individuals and agents. Crucially, variation in performance among groups was predicted by semantic diversity in members' dialogical contributions, suggesting a link between social interaction, cognitive diversity, and abstraction.