Wansink Research Articles

University says prominent food researcher committed academic misconduct

Brian Wansink will retire at the end of the academic year, according to Cornell University. Brian Wansink will retire at the end of the academic year, according to Cornell University.

Notice of Retraction: “Consequences of Belonging to the ‘Clean Plate Club’” and “Preordering School Lunch Encourages Better Food Choices by Children” by Brian Wansink

Notice of Retraction: “Consequences of Belonging to the ‘Clean Plate Club’” and “Preordering School Lunch Encourages Better Food Choices by Children” by Brian Wansink

Notice of Retractions: “First Foods Most: After 18-Hour Fast, People Drawn to Starches First and Vegetables Last,” “Fattening Fasting: Hungry Grocery Shoppers Buy More Calories, Not More Food,” and “Watch What You Eat: Action-Related Television Content Increases Food Intake” by Brian Wansink

Notice of Retractions: “First Foods Most: After 18-Hour Fast, People Drawn to Starches First and Vegetables Last,” “Fattening Fasting: Hungry Grocery Shoppers Buy More Calories, Not More Food,” and “Watch What You Eat: Action-Related Television Content Increases Food Intake” by Brian Wansink

Development and initial validation evidence for a mindful eating questionnaire for children

Mindful eating interventions have become a focus among health professionals, which warrants a need for a psychometrically solid assessment tool. The current study outlines the development and initial validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) adapted for Children (MEQ-C). Participants included 262 third through fifth grade students (53% female, 57% white, non-Hispanic) who participated in a mindful eating intervention Foodie U. Data was also collected from 140 parents. Exploratory factor analysis delineated two factors (Awareness and Mindless Eating). Test-retest analysis with a subsample (n = 93) indicated moderate correlations for both factors. The two subscales have good construct validity and can be utilized in an exploratory sense for mindful eating interventions among children. Specifically, the eight-item mindless eating subscale has good internal consistency reliability and can independently be used as a questionnaire to assess overall mindless eating practices among children. Further research is needed to explore and better understand domains of mindful eating among children besides awareness.

Expression of Concern: “Consequences of Belonging to the ‘Clean Plate Club’” and “Preordering School Lunch Encourages Better Food Choices by Children” by Brian Wansink

Expression of Concern: “Consequences of Belonging to the ‘Clean Plate Club’” and “Preordering School Lunch Encourages Better Food Choices by Children” by Brian Wansink

Expression of Concern: “First Foods Most: After 18-Hour Fast, People Drawn to Starches First and Vegetables Last,” “Hungry Grocery Shoppers Buy More Calories, Not More Food,” and “Watch What You Eat: Action-Related Television Content Increases Food Intake” by Brian Wansink

Expression of Concern: “First Foods Most: After 18-Hour Fast, People Drawn to Starches First and Vegetables Last,” “Hungry Grocery Shoppers Buy More Calories, Not More Food,” and “Watch What You Eat: Action-Related Television Content Increases Food Intake” by Brian Wansink

Sensory processing styles and eating behaviors in healthy adults

IntroductionEngagement in unhealthy eating behaviors is a significant risk factor for the development of obesity. These eating behaviors include uncontrolled and mindless eating in response to emotional and sensory cues. This study examines the relationship between sensory processing styles and eating behaviors in typical adults.MethodOne hundred and fifty healthy individuals aged 18–60 completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire, and a rating task of 40 healthy and unhealthy food images.FindingsSensory processing styles characterized by passive self-regulation strategies (low registration and sensory sensitivity) were positively correlated with rates of emotional and external eating behaviors. Sensory seeking was positively correlated with ratings of desirability of healthy food images.ConclusionIndividuals whose sensory processing styles are characterized by passive self-regulation strategies are more likely to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors, including ...

Correlates of Dietary Adherence and Maladaptive Eating Patterns Following Roux-en-Y Bariatric Surgery.

Self-reported poor dietary adherence following bariatric surgery is associated with less successful weight loss outcomes. Poor dietary adherence is a global construct lacking specificity regarding its underlying, clinically targetable, maladaptive eating behaviors. Comprehensive online survey data were obtained from a sample of 274 adults who underwent Roux-en-Y surgery in the prior 1-12years. Correlations between dietary adherence and six eating-related behaviors were calculated, with the frequency of each behavior reported on a 7-point scale. Linear regression modeling was applied. All six maladaptive eating behaviors were highly correlated with dietary adherence (Pearson's r>0.5): grazing (r=-0.565), mindless eating (r=-0.572), loss of control eating (r=-0.517), eating "more than is best" after dinner (r=-0.518), eating foods off of one's plan (r=-0.557), and "when I eat something off-plan, I feel like I have blown it and I give up and eat more" (r=-0.574). The estimated regression coefficients in the linear model was statistically significant, [F(5, 261)=60.006, p<0.001] and accounted for approximately 54% of the variance of global dietary adherence (R 2=0.535, adjusted R 2=0.526). Six maladaptive eating behaviors accounted for a highly significant portion of post-Roux-en-Y patients' poor self- reported dietary adherence. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the relationship between targetable maladaptive eating behaviors and bariatric surgery outcomes.

The longitudinal link between mothers' and adolescents' snacking: The moderating role of television viewing

A large proportion of adolescents eats too many energy-dense snacks, which is detrimental for their current and future health. To understand how to promote healthy dietary behaviors in adolescents, we need to identify factors that affect their snacking. While previous cross-sectional work has shown mother-child similarities in eating behavior, longitudinal studies are lacking. Hence, the first aim of this study was to examine whether maternal snacking predicted changes in adolescents' snacking over time. A second aim was to examine whether adolescents' television viewing magnified the strength of this longitudinal association. Television viewing may increase the motivation to eat the snacks consumed by mothers later on, for example through food advertisement exposure and mindless eating. To address both aims, 2051 adolescents (Mage baseline = 13.81; 51.5% boys) were asked to report on their snacking and television viewing three times, with intervals of one year. Moreover, a subsample of mothers of adolescents (N = 1080) reported on their snacking at baseline as well. The results indicate that maternal snacking indeed predicts adolescents' snacking over time and that this effect is more pronounced among adolescents who watch a great amount of television. These findings attest to the importance of mothers in forming adolescents' snacking, not only concurrently but also prospectively. Additionally, this study highlights the relevance of assessing other home environmental factors that may influence maternal effects on their children's snacking.

Introduction: “Making America ‘HUGE’; Again”: Mindfulness (Or The People) Vs. Donald Trump

The contentious election of Donald Trump created a powerful sense of political urgency amongst many psychoanalysts and their patients. Thus, this special issue, which grew out of a NYC conference held in February 2017: The Inauguration and its Aftermath. The author, who organized the conference and invited presenters and other colleagues to contribute, introduces the issue and explores her experience in the consulting room as an expert in eating disorders. She reflects that many of her patients with eating disorders felt traumatized by the election, and responded by mindless eating, in a need to anesthetize themselves from what felt to most of them, like a calamity.

Food Insecurity Is Related to Mindless Eating Practices Among College Students

Food Insecurity Is Related to Mindless Eating Practices Among College Students

Lower buffet prices lead to less taste satisfaction

Lower buffet prices lead to less taste satisfaction

A qualitative analysis of men's experiences of binge eating

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent overeating episodes, accompanied by loss of control (LOC), in the absence of compensatory behaviors. The literature supports that men overeat as often or more often than do women, but they are less likely to endorse LOC and other BED symptoms. Thus, rates of BED are lower among men. However, differences in prevalence rates may reflect gender bias in current conceptualizations of eating disorders and BED diagnostic criteria, not necessarily truly lower rates of disordered eating among men. The purpose of this study was to gather detailed information about how men experience overeating and related body image concerns, to identify common themes. The grounded theory approach was utilized to examine narratives from 11 overweight/obese male college students about their experiences with overeating, with results suggesting that overeating is consistent with male gender role, but LOC is not. Other overeating themes included mindless eating, emotional antecedents, negative consequences, unintentional dietary restriction, and social encouragement to overeat. Participants also reported dissatisfaction with their bodies, a desire for their bodies to be both muscular and thin, concerns related to their physical functioning and health, and a distinction between body image and self-worth. Collectively, these themes suggest further study to more fully explore the features and consequences of how disordered eating and body image concerns may manifest among men.

The emotional eating and negative food relationship experiences of obese and overweight adults

ABSTRACTOverweight and obesity pose serious public health problems, affecting 68.8% of Americans. Previous research indicated that psychological factors played important roles in an individual’s motivation to consume food. In particular, emotional eating, defined as overeating in response to negative affect, has received particular attention as a risk factor for obesity. This study explored and addressed the emotional factors involved in the development of emotional eating. A total of 10 Midwestern American male and female adults, previously diagnosed as medically overweight and obese, were recruited via online and print advertisement using maximum variation and snowball sampling methods. Using a semi-structured, face-to-face interview format, participants shared their perspectives about the development and persistence of emotional eating. The interviews were transcribed and Atlas.ti software was used to assist in thematic analysis of emotional eating. Study results yielded themes, such as emotional triggers, food cravings, comfort from foods, mindless eating, and childhood experiences. Findings indicated that participants generally lacked emotional self-care, but desired to decrease their emotional eating behaviors. Implications are discussed to construct creative, evidence-based treatments for the overweight and obese emotional eaters.

Retraction Statement: ‘Sensory suggestiveness and labeling: Do soy labels bias taste?’ by B. Wansink and S.-B. Park

Journal of Sensory StudiesVolume 32, Issue 2 e12259 RETRACTIONFree Access Retraction Statement: ‘Sensory suggestiveness and labeling: Do soy labels bias taste?’ by B. Wansink and S.-B. Park This article retracts the following: RETRACTED: SENSORY SUGGESTIVENESS AND LABELING: DO SOY LABELS BIAS TASTE?1 BRIAN WANSINK, SE-BUM PARK, Volume 17Issue 5Journal of Sensory Studies pages: 483-491 First Published online: May 11, 2007 First published: 10 April 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/joss.12259AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The above article from Journal of Sensory Studies, published online on 11 May 2007 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) and in Volume 17, pp. 483–491, has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Edgar Chambers, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to major overlap with a previously published article: Wansink B, Park SB, Sonka S, Morganosky M (2000) How soy labeling influences preference and taste. The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 3: 85–94. doi: 10.1016/S1096-7508(00)00031-8. Reference Wansink, B., & Park, S.-B. Sensory suggestiveness and labeling: Do soy labels bias taste? Journal of Sensory Studies, 17: 483– 491. Doi: 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2002.tb00360.x Volume32, Issue2April 2017e12259 RelatedInformation

Factors Associated With Emotional Eating and Mindless Eating Among Third to Fifth Grade Students

Factors Associated With Emotional Eating and Mindless Eating Among Third to Fifth Grade Students

Classification Using Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree on Food Addiction

In food consumption, food addiction is behavioral and biological overlaps have been observed between eating and addictive disorders. Food addiction influence to healthy life. Food addiction caused by overeating, bingo eating, eating disorder, eating addiction, mindless eating, craving, chocaholic, and emotional eating. Determination between addiction and normal condition in food consumption, need to classification. Classification is very important in determine signs of food addiction. Classification using Naive Bayes Algorithm and Decision Tree Algorithm. Class target is Class Normal and Class Addiction. Classification using Naive Bayes Algorithm by criterion is Calorie Dense Food, Fatty Food, Sweet Food, Diet and Stress. This criterion as causal factor of food addiction. Classification using Decision Tree Algorithm by criterion is Stress, Fatty Food and Calorie Dense Food. This criterion as causal factor of food addiction. The experimental result is a Classification Model. This model became data source for national policy in public health.

Response: Commentary: Control of Body Weight by Eating Behavior in Children.

To the Editor: We thank Dr. Tony Kuo for his valuable comments on our review. As Dr. Kuo correctly points out, interventions aiming at manipulating internal mechanisms related to body weight, e.g., ­pharmacology and diets, have had limited success in reversing the increase in pediatric body weight. We agree with him that the alternative suggestion that body weight is under external control is in line with many recent public health initiatives aiming at improving the food environment. Dr. Kuo listed many of the newer policies, some of which we were unaware of and so we learnt a great deal from reading Dr. Kuo’s commentary paper. Yet, we feel confident that Dr. Kuo agrees with us that the success of these initiatives in curbing further increase in body weight among children has also been limited. We beg to disagree, however, with Dr. Kuo that the hypothesis that body weight is under external control is “opposed to the viewpoint that cognition plays a predominant role,” and that our method is somehow related to “cognitive control.” We refer to the compelling work of Dr. Brian Wansink, showing that the role of cognition in eating behavior is negligible (1). Undesirable cognitions, including “dietary restraint,” among obese individuals are more likely the results of failed attempts at dieting than causes of their weight problem (2). Interestingly, a sustained reduction of body weight has been obtained with cognitive behavioral therapy (3), but it is clear from the protocol that the effect was obtained by behavioral intervention, i.e., establishing normal eating behavior; whatever effect the cognitive intervention exerted was less important (4). At the same time, we certainly agree with Dr. Kuo that our suggestion that body weight can increase among the underweight and decrease among the overweight if they learn how to eat normally by using feedback on a computer screen requires further investigation. However, the facts that this method has brought 75% of patients with eating disorders into remission, reduced the rate of relapse to 10% over 5 years of follow-up, and eliminated the mortality are encouraging (5). We have outlined the neurobiological mechanisms on which the method relies in detail (references in our review). The approach was adapted to the treatment of childhood obesity because anorexia and obesity are at the extreme opposites of the same behavioral and biochemical continuum (6). Dr. Kuo is right in suggesting that the success of this approach on a larger scale needs to be tested. And, of course, creating healthy environments, including advice on diets and physical activity, remains important not least “for those who live in low socioeconomic status areas.”

Healthy Eating Attitude: A mediator of Nutrition Knowledge and Diet Quality Using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 in Young Women

Objective: To investigate the impact of nutrition knowledge and psychological determinants of eating behavior (healthy eating attitude, self-efficacy, emotional eating, fat habits, and mindless eating) on diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 in young women. Methods: In this cross-sectional design, 114 college women completed a 3-day food record, nutrition knowledge scale, and questionnaire measuring psychological determinants of eating behavior (healthy eating attitude, self-efficacy, emotional eating, fat habits, and mindless eating). Regression analysis was utilized to discern the influence of nutrition knowledge and psychological determinants of eating behavior on diet quality. A mediation model was conducted to further explore relationships between variables. Results: Mean percent maximum score for diet quality was 59.6%. Nutrition knowledge (p<0.05), healthy eating attitude (p<0.01), and favorable fat habits (p<0.01) were positively associated with diet quality. Healthy eating attitude emerged as a partial mediator of nutrition knowledge on diet quality (β=0.72, CI: 0.3-1.4), resulting in a 34% reduction in the model. Conclusions and Implications: Diet quality in this sample is less than ideal. Nutrition knowledge was a key predictor of this outcome, via enhancement of attitudes toward healthy eating.

Commentary: Does Hunger Manipulate Glucose Levels, or Do Glucose Levels Make You Eat?

126–39. van Ittersum, Koert, and Brian Wansink (2012), “Plate Size and Color Suggestibility: The Delboeuf Illusion’s Bias on Serving and Eating Behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research, 39 (2), 215–28. ——— (2016), “The Behavioral Science of Eating: Encouraging Boundary Research That Has Impact,” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 1 (1), in this issue. Vohs, Kathleen D., and Ronald J. Faber (2007), “Spent Resources: SelfRegulatory Resource Availability Affects Impulse Buying,” Journal of Consumer Research, 33 (4), 537–47. Wadhwa, Monica, Baba Shiv, and Stephen M. Nowlis (2008), “A Bite to Whet the Reward Appetite: The Influence of Sampling on RewardSeeking Behaviors,” Journal of Marketing Research, 45 (4), 403–13. Wansink, Brian, and Pierre Chandon (2006), “Can ‘Low-Fat’ Nutrition Labels Lead to Obesity?” Journal of Marketing Research, 43 (4), 605–17. Wansink, Brian, Collin R. Payne, and Pierre Chandon (2007), “Internal and External Cues of Meal Cessation: The French Paradox Redux?” Obesity, 15 (12), 2920–24. Wansink, Brian, and Koert van Ittersum (2016), “Boundary Research: Tools and Rules to Impact Emerging Fields,” Journal of Consumer Behavior, 15 (2), forthcoming. Wilcox, Keith, Beth Vallen, Lauren Block, and Gavan J. Fitzsimon (2009), “Vicarious Goal Fulfillment: When the Mere Presence of a Healthy Option Leads to an Ironically Indulgent Decision,” Journal of Consumer Research, 36 (3), 380–93. Williamson, Sara, Lauen G. Block, and Punam A. Keller (2016), “Of Waste and Waists” The Effect of Plate Material on Food Consumption and Waste,” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 1 (1), in this issue. Wolever, T. M. (2000), “Dietary Carbohydrates and Insulin Action in Humans,” British Journal of Nutrition, 83 (Suppl. 1), S97–S102.