Mindful Attention Awareness Scale Research Articles

Rumination and "hot" executive function of middle school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation model of depression and mindfulness.

The outbreak of COVID-19 had a widely negative effect on adolescents' academics, stress, and mental health. At a critical period of cortical development, adolescents' cognition levels are highly developed, while the ability of emotion control is not developed at the same pace. Faced with negative emotions such as stress and social loneliness caused by COVID-19, adolescents' "hot" executive function encounters severer emotional regulation challenges than ever before. The present study established a moderated mediation model to investigate the impact of rumination on "hot" execution function among Chinese middle school students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the specific role of depression and mindfulness in the association. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 650 students recruited from a province in central China. The participants completed questionnaires and experiment between July 2021 and August 2021. Rumination Responses Scales, Self-rating Depression Scale, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale were used to measure the level of rumination, depression, and mindfulness. The reaction time and accuracy of the emotional conflict experiment were recorded to reflect the "hot" executive function. The results of the moderated mediation model indicated that rumination of middle school students significantly and positively predicted depression in adolescents (β = 0.26, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the indirect effect of depression on the relationship between rumination and "hot" executive function was significant; depression partially mediated this relationship (word-face congruent condition: β = -0.09, p < 0.01; word-face incongruent condition: β = -0.07, p < 0.05). Furthermore, mindfulness buffered the association between rumination and depression, according to moderated mediation analysis (β = -0.11, p < 0.001). For adolescents with low levels of mindfulness, the relationship was substantially stronger. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, middle school students' rumination would lead to depression, which can negatively impact their "hot" executive function. Besides, mindfulness could resist the adverse effect of rumination on depression. The educators should pay more attention to students' mental health, provide targeted strategies that boost mindfulness to promote their cognitive flexibility, and thus protect the normal development of their executive function during crisis events.

Effects of Yoga Intervention on Functional Movement Patterns and Mindfulness in Collegiate Athletes: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

High-quality movement patterns and high levels of mindfulness are thought to be beneficial in preventing sports injuries. Yoga is recommended in the field of athlete rehabilitation. This study investigated the effects of yoga intervention on functional movement patterns and mindfulness in collegiate athletes. It is a quasi-experimental study with a pre/post-test control design. The participants were divided into a yoga group and a control group. A Functional Movement Screen and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale were used to assess participants' basic movement patterns and mindfulness before and after 12 weeks of yoga intervention (two classes per week, 90 min per class). The results show that the yoga group's FMS scores improved more compared to the control group [F(1,78) = 29.08, p &lt; 0.001, ŋp2 = 0.27], and that the scores for the deep squat (ŋp2 = 0.4), shoulder mobility (ŋp2 = 0.17), and trunk stability pushup (ŋp2 = 0.36) improved substantially. The dysfunctional score ratio for deep squats (χ2 = 18.57, p &lt; 0.001), shoulder mobility (χ2 = 26.90, p &lt; 0.001), trunk stability pushup (χ2 = 17.07, p &lt; 0.001), and rotatory stability (χ2= 38.29, p &lt;0.001) decreased significantly compared with the control group, but there was no significant improvement in asymmetric movement patterns (χ2 = 0.75, p = 0.39). The mindfulness scores in the yoga group significantly exceeded those of the control group [F(1,78) = 13.56, p &lt; 0.001, ŋp2 = 0.15]. These results suggest that yoga intervention can improve functional movement patterns and mindfulness levels, but further evidence is needed to determine whether yoga could positively influence sports injuries.

Predictive Role of Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation for Psychological Distress in Pakistani Medical Students

This research was intended to investigate the relationship between mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological distress in Pakistani medical students. It was also aimed to assess the predictive role of mindfulness and emotion regulation for psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress). Correlational research design and purposive sampling techniques were used. The data was collected from both public and private medical colleges. The total sample comprised 216 participants (men; n=96; women; n= 120). Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) along with a demographic information sheet were used to assess the study variables. Results were analyzed through SPSS 21. Findings revealed a significant negative relationship of mindfulness and emotion regulation with psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) in medical students. Furthermore, mindfulness and emotion regulation significantly predicted psychological distress (anxiety). The results of the present study will help clinical psychologists to devise improved training programs and therapeutic interventions for medical students for minimizing their distress so that medical students become able to perform better in their academic activities.

Online Mindfulness with Care Partnerships Experiencing Anxiety and Depression Symptoms after Stroke: Mixed Methods Case Study Research.

Purpose: To investigate the experience and outcomes for care partnerships (e.g., spouses, caregivers) who have post-stroke anxiety and/or depression symptoms and used an online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) together. Design: Explanatory sequential mixed methods case study research. Methods: 5 care partnerships (10 participants) received online MBI, and data was collected in weeks 0, 4, and 8. Data collection involved the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, the Mutuality Scale, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and post-intervention interviews. Clinical effectiveness was evaluated using minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Findings: Participants improved mindfulness (80%) and mutuality (30%). MCID was achieved for anxiety symptoms (50%) and depression symptoms (20%). IPA found evidence of conflicting and contradictory experiences so dialectical tension was used to articulate the continuum of perspectives and themes produced in the analysis. Conclusion: Care partnerships using online MBIs can experience improvements in mindfulness, mutuality, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms. The findings are complex but show the potential value of online MBI for some care partnerships living with stroke.

MINDFULNESS, FAMILY RESILIENCE, AND PARENTING STRESS IN PARENTS WITH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacts on life, especially for parents of school-age children. One of the phenomena that occur is parenting stress, which impacts parenting. Parenting stress requires the role of mindfulness and family resilience in order to be able to deal with stressful conditions of parenting during a pandemic. This study aimed to determine the relationship between mindfulness, family resilience, and parenting stress of parents who had school-age children. This quantitative study used a purposive sampling technique involving 60 parents with children of primary school age (93.3% female, Mage = 38; SD = 7.4). The instruments used in this research were the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) with (α = .911), Family Resilience Assessment Scale (α = .964), and The Parenting Stress Index (α = .994). The method of data analysis was multiple linear regression analysis. The result shows that mindfulness and family resilience are simultaneously statistically significant in predicting parenting stress, Adj R 2 = .936, F(2, 58) = 428.89, p &lt; .001. In addition, it found that mindfulness does not contribute to the model, b = -.025; t(58) = -.686, p = .495, while family resilience does, b = .957; t(58) = 26.158, p &lt; .001. The effective contribution of mindfulness and family resilience to parenting stress is 93.6%. Based on the research results obtained, parents can develop mindfulness and family resilience to cope with the perceived stress of parenting.

GRATITUDE SEBAGAI MEDIATOR ANTARA MINDFULNESS DAN PENERIMAAN DIRI

Social media nowadays has become a need of many people. One of the most used social media is Instagram.Ease of access to look into the lives of others and evaluate others contributes to the decreasing ability toaccept oneself. This study aims to examine the role of gratitude as the mediator between mindfulness and self-acceptance among Instagram users. The present study involves 121 participants, age from 18 to 24 years oldusing convenience sampling method. Gratitude Questionnaire Six Item Form (GC-6), Mindful AttentionAwareness Scale (MAAS), and Berger’s Self-Acceptance Scale are administered using online survey. Results havefound that gratitude significantly acts as the significant partial mediator between mindfulness and self-acceptance. Mindfulness and gratitude play important roles for active Instagram users to be able to acceptthemselves for what they are.

Do Career Decidedness and Career Distress Influence Psychological and Subjective Wellbeing? The Mediating Role of Mindfulness

In this study, the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship of career decidedness and career distress with psychological wellbeing (PWB) and subjective wellbeing (SWB) was investigated. 338 university students (245 females and 93 males, M = 22.6 years, SD = 5.25) from Izmir, Turkey participated in the study. Career Decidedness Scale, Career Distress Scale, The Flourishing Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, The Satisfaction with Life Scale and The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale were used in the study. The Pearson Correlation Test was applied for correlations and PROCESS Model 4 analysis tools were used to test the mediating models. The results showed that (a) career decidedness predicted mindfulness, PWB, and SWB, and (b) mindfulness played a mediating role in the link between career decidedness and PWB and SWB. While career distress predicted PWB and SWB, it did not predict mindfulness. In addition, mindfulness did not have a mediating role in the relationships of career distress with PWB and SWB. &#x0D; Anahtar Kelimeler&#x0D; Career Distress, Career Decidedness, Subjective Wellbeing, Psychological Wellbeing, Mindfulness

Effects of Caffeine on Mood, Memory and Attention

Aim: The Experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on mood, memory and mindful attention awareness of the students of Government College University, Lahore. Methodology: A total number of 24 participants aged between 18-26 years were recruited for the study from government college university among which there were 12 participants in the experimental and 12 participants in the control group. Furthermore, pretest and posttest equivalent group design was applied. Firstly, the standard progressive matrices (SPM) was used as a screening tool and then, to measure the effects of caffeine on attention awareness, memory and mood, the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), Wechsler memory scale (WMS) and brief mood introspection scale (BMIS) were applied. Results: The within group analysis was carried out by applying Friedman test which yielded the effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on all the variables of the study. The lowest score of experimental group participants in posttest1 on these subscales indicates the impact of caffeine withdrawal while the score of participants on some subscales of these tests was not affected due to it. Conclusion: The findings of the experimental study helped to investigate the effects on caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on mood, memory and mindful attention awareness of university students. Most of the results of the present study were according to the results of researches that were conducted previously on caffeine but a few differed as well. The experimental study has implications for students, our society in general, researchers as well as for the parents of students. Keywords: Caffeine, withdrawal, effects, mood, memory and mindful attention awareness

Relationship between personality traits and emotional schema with loneliness in Iranian people with gender dysphoria: the mediating role of mindfulness

Gender dysphoria affects people’s social and psychological adjustment. One dimension of social incompatibility in people with gender dysphoria is the feeling of isolation and loneliness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and emotional schema with feelings of loneliness in Iranian people with gender dysphoria and the mediating role of mindfulness. Participants included 105 individuals with gender dysphoria who were asked to complete the UCLA Loneliness Scale-third version, Hexaco Personality Questionnaire, Leahy Emotional Schema Scale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. The results showed that emotionality, extraversion, and emotional schema have a significant relationship with loneliness (p < .05). Higher correlation has been found between loneliness and extraversion (r = –0.51). The direct effect of emotional schema (β = 0.17; p = .044) and mindfulness (β = −0.36; p < .001) on loneliness were significant. Furthermore, the mindfulness factor indirectly related extraversion and emotional schemas to loneliness. Thus, emotionality, extraversion and emotional schema probably reduce, directly and indirectly, the loneliness of people with gender dysphoria through the mindfulness as a mediating factor. It can be concluded that in clinical practice, therapeutic interventions based on mindfulness and schema-oriented can possibly reduce the feeling of loneliness of people with gender dysphoria.

Investigation of the Relationship between Mindfulness Awareness, Anxiety, Dental Anxiety, and Oral Hygiene Status in Population

Objectives: Attention and awareness are essential features of human nature. Mindfulness can be defined as increased attention and awareness of the experience that exists in the present moment. Dental anxiety is a state of intense restlessness that develops due to fear and delusions due to dental examination and treatment. Periodontitis, periodontal plaque, and bleeding are known as major periodontal diseases. There are many different reasons for the development of these diseases, including the education level of the person, his knowledge of health and oral health, the state of physician and hospital concerns, and awareness. Our study, it was aimed to investigate whether the level of mindfulness and dental anxiety status of individuals influences periodontal health by using different scales. Materials and Methods: In our study, 100 systemic and psychologically healthy patients, aged 25-35, at least high school graduates, who applied to Atatürk University Faculty of Dentistry for dental examination and treatment were included. First of all, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1, STAI-2), Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and Dental Fear Survey (DFS) tests were applied to the patients. Then, a periodontal examination of the patients was performed and plaque indices and bleeding indices were determined. Results: No correlation was found between the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and periodontal bleeding, and plaque index.

Investigation of conscious awareness and problem solving skills in terms of demographic and psychological variables

The aim of the study is to examine relationships between mindfulness and problem solving skills and the effects of some independent variables in terms of cognitive psychological approach.&#x0D; The relational screening method is used in the research. A Personal Investigation Questionnaire, the Turkish versions of “The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)” and “The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI)” have been used as data collection tools. The sample research population determined by disproportionate element sampling and consisted of 125 third and fourth grade students in the faculty of education. The demographic and psychological information questionnaire, “The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)” and “The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI)”, T-test analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pearson moment correlation analysis were performed for data analysis&#x0D; No significant relationship has been found between mindfulness and problem solving skills of participants. There was also no significant effect seen on mindfulness and problem solving skills indicated from students studying in the technical or social studying departments in the faculty.&#x0D; Mindfulness levels of participants with traumatized and psychological complaints were lower. Furthermore, of the participants mindfulness levels matches their life philosophies were high.&#x0D; Participants with persistent discomfort are to see themselves more inadequate in problem solving skills. Participants who have received or are receiving a psychotherapy process find themselves more competent in problem solving. It was found that as the individual contribution to their education plans decreased, they perceive themselves as inadequate in problem solving skills. Participants who seek help to solve their problems, find themselves more effective in problem solving.&#x0D; As the result, there are significant relationships between some personal variables, mindfulness and problem solving skills. There could not find a linear relationship between mindfulness and problem solving skills.&#x0D; Özet&#x0D; Bu araştırmanın amacı bilişsel psikoloji yaklaşımı açısından bilinçli farkındalık ve problem çözme becerisi arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bazı bağımsız değişkenlerin etkisini incelemektir.&#x0D; Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örneklem kitlesi, oransız eleman örnekleme yoluyla belirlenmiş eğitim fakültesi 125 üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencisini kapsamaktadır. Kullanılan veri toplama araçları, “Kişisel Değerlendirme Anketi”, “Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği (BİFÖ)” ve “Problem Çözme Envanteri (PÇE)”dir. Veri analizleri için, t testi analizi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve pearson moment korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır.&#x0D; Bulgular bakımından, bilinçli farkındalık ve problem çözme becerisi arasında ilişki bulunmamıştır. Demografik özellikler ile sayısal veya sözel bölüm okuyor olmanın bilinçli farkındalık ve problem çözme üzerinde etkisi bulunmamıştır.&#x0D; Travma geçiren veya psikolojik yakınması olan katılımcıların bilinçli farkındalık seviyeleri daha düşük çıkmıştır. Yaşam felsefeleri ile yaşamları uyuşan katılımcıların bilinçli farkındalık seviyeleri ise yüksek çıkmıştır.&#x0D; Devamlı rahatsızlığı olan katılımcılar, problem çözme becerisinde kendilerini daha yetersiz görmektedirler. Psikoterapi süreci almış veya alıyor olan katılımcılar, problem çözmede kendilerini daha yeterli görmektedirler. Katılımcıların kendi eğitim planlarına katkıları azaldıkça problem çözme becerisinde kendilerini daha yetersiz gördükleri bulunmuştur. Kendisinden problem çözmesi için yardım istenen katılımcılar problem çözmede kendilerini daha yeterli görmektedirler.&#x0D; Sonuç olarak bazı değişkenler ile bilinçli farkındalık ve problem çözme becerisi arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Bilinçli farkındalık ile problem çözme becerileri arasında ise doğrudan ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.

스마트폰 중독과 마음챙김 및 충동성과의 관련성

Objectives: To comparatively analyze mindfulness between young adults with smartphone addiction and healthy smartphone users and to explore whether mindfulness could affect smartphone addiction and whether impulsivity could mediate their association. Methods: Forty young adults with smartphone addiction (17 male, 23 female; mean age: 26.8±6.7 years) and 44 healthy smartphone users (21 male, 23 female; mean age: 27.8±5.1 years) were included in this study. Mindfulness was evaluated through the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF). Subjects were also evaluated for impulsivity via the self-reported Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Relationships of smartphone addiction with mindfulness and impulsivity were analyzed using linear regression through mediation. Results: Subjects with smartphone addiction had a lower level of mindfulness and but higher impulsivity than healthy users. The awareness subscale of FFMQ-SF had a significant effect on smartphone addiction scale. The attentional impulsiveness subscale of BIS showed a significant mediating effect. Conclusion: Smartphone addicts showed a low level of mindfulness. In particular, low awareness had a significant effect on smartphone addiction through mediation of high attentional impulsiveness. This finding suggests that mindfulness-based interventions might enhance executive control over their excessive smartphone use.

A New Window on Interaction: Does Mindfulness Play a Role?

Aim. The paper aims to investigate the students interactions engaged in mindful tasks in an English reading classroom. It attempts to explore whether there is any connection between being mindful and having a good interaction. Methods. For the research a case study approach was utilised, in which eight BA students majoring in English language and literature at the University of Mazandaran participated. They were divided into two groups of non-mindful and less mindful, each having four members based on their scores from Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The data was collected in three sessions of critical reading practice, in which both groups were engaged in different forms of critical reading tasks. The less mindful group was encouraged to engage in some mindful activities prior to the critical reading tasks. All the sessions were video recorded and then transcribed for analysis. The transcribed data were analysed by the researcher and a second rater. Results. The results of the data analysis demonstrated that there were some minor differences in interactions of non-mindful and less-mindful group in critical reading tasks. The less-mindful group seemed to have more interactions than the non-mindful one. Conclusions. Due to the study limitations the results cannot be generalised. Originality. Mindfulness is a fairly new concept in English language teaching which is attracting attention as an alternative to promote learning. However, within the context of education, there have also been a select few studies that have focused on the benefits of mindfulness in English reading classrooms.

Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking.

The Physical Exercise Rating Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Ruminative Thinking Scale (RRS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are used to conduct the questionnaire among a sample of 1,006 college students (average age = 19.95 years, SD = 1.86 years) to figure out whether there is any correlation between physical exercise and sleep quality in college students as well as how the mechanism of mindfulness and ruminative thinking plays a role in them. For data analysis, the Harman single-factor test was used; for the common method deviation test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and the mediating effect tested by using the bootstrap method were carried out. Results: (1) Overall, 34% (PSQI ≥ 8) of college students’ sleep quality is poor. (2) The PSQI is positively correlated with ruminative thinking, while both are negatively correlated with the level of physical exercise and mindfulness; the level of physical exercise is positively correlated with the level of mindfulness. (3) Physical exercise can significantly negatively predict sleep quality (β = −0.08, P < 0.05), significantly positively predict mindfulness (β = 0.12, P < 0.001), and significantly negatively predict ruminative thinking (β = −0.07, P < 0.05). When participate in physical exercise, mindfulness, and ruminative thinking enter the regression equation at the same time, only mindfulness and ruminative thinking can predict sleep quality(β = −0.15, P < 0.001) significantly negatively predicted sleep quality and ruminative thinking (β = 0.22, P < 0.001) significantly positively predicted sleep quality, while physical exercise (β = −0.04, P > 0.05) had no significant predictive effect on sleep quality. (4) After controlling for age and gender, physical exercise appears to have an impact on sleep quality of college students through the independent intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking and the chain intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking, with a total mediating effect value of −0.007. This study reveals the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, as well as its mechanism, thus guiding college students to actively participate in physical exercise. It also provides corresponding suggestions to improve sleep quality as well as physical and mental health in college students.

Short mindfulness meditation training: does it really reduce perceived stress?

To study whether an 8-week mindfulness meditation training program truly reduces perceived stress without designing a stress reduction program. An experimental study was performed in which we studied the effects of 8 weeks of MM training on attention and awareness, as measured by the MAAS (mindfulness attention awareness scale) and perceived stress, as measured by the PSQ (perceived stress questionnaire), in 80 volunteers from the general public recruited by email from university centers. An increase in the individual’s dispositional capacity to be attentive and aware of the experience of the present moment in everyday life was observed in the experimental group versus the control group; F (2, 156) = 14.30, p = .000, η2 partial = .155. Perceived stress showed no significant differences between groups in: social acceptance; F (2, 156) = 2.30, p = .103, overload; F (2, 156) = 2.32, p = .101, irritability, tension and fatigue; F (2, 156) = 2.27, p = .106, energy and joy; F (2, 156) = 2.79, p = .065. MM practice for 8 weeks of training increases the individual’s dispositional capacity to be attentive and aware of the experience of the present moment in everyday life but may not reduce perceived stress.

Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport.

Our goal for this study was to adapt the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) into written Arabic that would be easily understood in North African countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco or TAM). Assessment tools in Arabic, such as this MIS-TAM version, are rare but essential for evaluating the effectiveness of sport psychology interventions. We adopted a committee approach to obtain a first Arabic version of the MIS. We asked a team of translators to adapt the items to the level of understanding of 13-year-old athletes by selecting words common to the culture of the three countries. The validation process underwent three phases. In Study 1, we tested MIS-TAM for clarity and deemed it acceptable. In Study 2 we tested the construct validity of two different models with confirmatory factorial analyses. These analyses confirmed that the structure of the 15-item MIS-TAM was psychometrically similar to the original version; it had a first order model encompassing three dimensions: Awareness, Non-Judgement and Refocusing. Analyses also found the internal consistency of the MIS-TAM acceptable. We assessed convergent validity in Study 3 with the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, but no correlations between the two instruments were significant. In conclusion, the MIS-TAM has acceptable psychometric properties, though further work is needed regarding convergent validity. The rigorous work of translation and adaptation focused on shared linguistics in three target countries, and this questionnaire will also prove useful in other countries where Arabic is the main language.

Burnout, negative emotions, and wellbeing among social workers in China after community lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediating roles of trait mindfulness.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate burnout situation of social workers (SWs) who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic-related community lockdown 1 year before, and to assess the protective value of trait mindfulness (TM) in states of burnout.MethodWe surveyed the burnout, trait mindfulness, negative emotions (NEs) and wellbeing (WB) of 182 social workers provided services to Wuhan lockdowns community by COVID-19 one year before. Burnout were measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey; TM using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale; NEs using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21; and WB using the General Wellbeing Schedule. We also performed correlation regression analysis and mediation test for burnout, TM, NEs, and WB.ResultsAmong the 182 respondents, 75 (41.2%) still suffered from severe burnout. TM was negatively correlated with burnout (r = −0.623), negatively correlated with NEs (r = −0.560), and positively correlated with WB (r = 0.617). Burnout had a significantly positive correlation with NEs (r = 0.544) and a significantly negative correlation with WB (r = −0.666). Further, WB had significantly negative correlation with NEs (r = −0.758). After controlling for age, gender, marital status, educational level, and years of employment, burnout had a significantly positive predictive effect on NEs (β = 0.509), whereas TM had a significantly negative predictive effect on NEs (β = −0.334). TM played a partial mediating role in the effect of burnout on NEs, with a mediating effect and effect ratio of 0.088 and 39.7%, respectively. Burnout had a significantly negative predictive effect on WB (β = −0.598), whereas TM had a significantly positive predictive effect on WB (β = 0.299). TM played a partial mediating role in the effect of burnout on NEs, with a mediating effect and effect ratio of −0.164 and 30.3%, respectively. WB had a significantly negative predictive effect on NEs (β = −0.711), and it played a partial mediating role in the effect of burnout on NEs, with a mediating effect and effect ratio of 0.185 and 83.3%, respectively.ConclusionThe current levels of burnout among local SWs remained high 1 year after the community lockdowns. TM played a mediating role in the relationship between burnout, NEs, and WB. Concomitantly, WB played a mediating role in the relationship between burnout and NEs. Therefore, in the context of burnout, TM is a protective factor for reducing emotional stress and risks of developing psychiatric disorders through the enhancement of WB.

The Style of Coping with Stress, the Health-Related Locus of Control, and the Level of Mindfulness of Patients with Chronic Somatic Diseases in Comparison to Healthy People.

Background: Psychological factors may be involved in both the development and treatment of somatic diseases. Our study aimed to evaluate the style of coping with stress, health-related locus of control, and level of mindfulness of adult patients with the most common chronic somatic diseases compared with healthy subjects. Methods: 502 chronically ill people were examined (M = 49.27; SD = 14.25), including 288 women and 214 men. The control group consisted of 117 healthy people (M = 45.66; SD = 17.86). The diagnostic survey involved using the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Results: Differences between the clinical and control groups were demonstrated for MHLC: Internal (p < 0.001), Powerful Others (p < 0.05), and Chance (p < 0.001); CISS: Task (p < 0.001) and Avoidance (p < 0.05); and MAAS (p < 0.01). Conclusion: People with chronic somatic diseases, compared to healthy people, have a stronger external and weaker internal health-related locus of control, lower level of task and avoidance style for coping with stress, and lower level of mindfulness.

The effect of hyperandrogenism and obesity on mindfulness and metacognition in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome

The aim of this study was to determine whether serum androgen levels have an effect on mindfulness and metacognition in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Adolescents diagnosed with PCOS were asked to answer a questionnaire that included socio-demographic information and two scales: the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Metacognition Scale Child and Adolescent form (MCQ-C). The patients were divided into two groups, the hyperandrogenism group and the non-hyperandrogenism group, according to serum androgen levels. The scores of MAAS and MCQ-C were compared between the groups. The study sample consisted of 70 adolescents. Of these, 44 had hyperandrogenism according to a blood test. No statistically significant difference was found in MAAS scores between the hyperandrogenism and the non-hyperandrogenism groups (p = 0.79). However, the level of mindfulness was found to be lower in participants with a higher modified Ferriman-Gallwey score (mFGS) (r = 0.26, p = 0.02). Mindfulness levels were also lower for obese patients with PCOS compared to non-obese patients with PCOS (p = 0.02). Cognitive monitoring (MCQ-C-CM), one of the MCQ-C sub-scales, was significantly higher in the non-hyperandrogenism group (p = 0.03), and similarly, a positive correlation was detected between higher androgen levels and the positive meta-worry (MCQ-C-PM) sub-scale of the MCQ-C (for total testosterone; r = 0.348, p = 0.03, and for androstenedione; r = 0.35, p = 0.03). High serum androgen levels in PCOS had no effect on mindfulness, but as the modified Ferriman Gallwey score increased, mindfulness levels decreased. For the sub-scales of MCQ-C,MCQ-C-CM, and MCQ-C-PM, the scores increased as androgen levels increased. In line with the results of the present study, evaluating mindfulness in PCOS patients with increased hair growth and metacognition in PCOS patients with serum hyperandrogenism may contribute well-being in adulthood by reducing the psychological burden caused by the disease.

Mindfulness and mental health in medical staff in the COVID-19 period: Mediating role of perceived social support and sense of security

This study examined the association between mindfulness and the mental health outcomes of medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak period. We also explored the perceived social support and sense of security as mediators in this relationship. The participants were 400 medical staff (male= 23%, female= 77%; 14.8% with suspected exposure to COVID-19) from China. The medical staff completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Perceived Social Support Scale (SSS), Security Questionnaire (SQ), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and General Well-being Scale (GWB). The path analysis results showed that mindfulness was associated with lower depression symptoms and higher subjective well-being. The medical staffwho perceived higher social support and s sense of security had lower mental distress and higher well-being. Perceived social support enhanced mental health and well-being through the sense of security. The predictive effect of perceived social support on the sense of security of medical staff who had contact with suspected COVID-19 patients was significantly stronger than that of medical staff did not have suspected COVID-19 contact. These findings indicate a need to provide more mindfulness-related training (e.g., Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, MBSR) to improve the mental health of medical staff and provide more support to ensure their sense of security. In addition, more humanistic care and material resources should be provided to medical staff in high-risk departments.