Industrial Mill Research Articles

Valorization of Primary Sludge and Biosludge from the Pulp Mill Industry in Uruguay Through Hydrothermal Carbonization

Valorization of Primary Sludge and Biosludge from the Pulp Mill Industry in Uruguay Through Hydrothermal Carbonization

Chemical, functional, rheological and structural properties of broken rice–barnyard millet–green gram grits blend for the production of extrudates

AbstractBroken rice is an underutilized by‐product of the rice milling industry. It was added with green gram and barnyard millet to investigate as a source of nutrition‐based value‐added food product. The study was carried out to examine the influence of formulated composite flour obtained from broken rice (Oryza sativa) (50%–80%), barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) (10%–30%), and green gram (Vigna radiata) (10%–30%) on the chemical properties, functional properties, pasting properties, oscillatory test, flour behavior, and microstructure of extrudate. The ash, crude fiber, crude protein, fat, and carbohydrate of the extrudate ranged from 1.62%–1.78%, 1.88%–2.43%, 13.47%–14.57%, 4.9%–7.48%, and 66.86%–70.8%, respectively. The water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI) for the flour ranged from 5.06%–6.18 g/g and 2.34%–3.99%. The formulated composite flours having a higher percentage of broken rice showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in their pasting properties, pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback and final viscosity. The pasting properties gave better results using a twin‐screw extruder with operating conditions of barrel temperature of 110°C, screw speed of 290 rpm, and 14% moisture content (w.b.). The microstructure of the extrudate obtained from 80% broken rice, 10% barnyard millet, and 10% green gram grits flour possessed a more integrated, well‐defined porosity, indicating a completely gelatinized structure.Practical applicationDetermination of biochemical, structural, and rheological properties of ingredients are essential for the production desirable ready‐to‐eat snacks. In this context, the present study evaluated the functional and rheological properties of broken rice–barnyard millet–green gram blend for the production of nutritious snacks with desirable physical and textural properties. The findings of the study would be useful for food products industries using millets and broken rice as a major raw material.

Upgrading Major Waste Streams Derived from the Biodiesel Industry and Olive Mills via Microbial Bioprocessing with Non-Conventional Yarrowia lipolytica Strains

This study reports the development of a bioprocess involving the valorization of biodiesel-derived glycerol as the main carbon source for cell proliferation of Yarrowia lipolytica strains and production of metabolic compounds, i.e., citric acid (Cit), polyols, and other bio-metabolites, the substitution of process tap water with olive mill wastewater (OMW) in batch fermentations, and partial detoxification of OMW (up to 31.1% decolorization). Increasing initial phenolics (Phen) of OMW-glycerol blends led to substantial Cit secretion. Maximum Cit values, varying between 64.1–65.1 g/L, combined with high yield (YCit/S = 0.682–0.690 g Cit/g carbon sources) and productivity (0.335–0.344 g/L/h) were achieved in the presence of Phen = 3 g/L. The notable accumulation of endopolysaccharides (EPs) on the produced biomass was determined when Y. lipolytica LMBF Y-46 (51.9%) and ACA-YC 5033 (61.5%) were cultivated on glycerol-based media. Blending with various amounts of OMW negatively affected EPs and polyols biosynthesis. The ratio of mannitol:arabitol:erythritol was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the fermentation media. Erythritol was the major polyol in the absence of OMW (53.5–62.32%), while blends of OMW-glycerol (with Phen = 1–3 g/L) promoted mannitol production (54.5–76.6%). Nitrogen-limited conditions did not favor the production of cellular lipids (up to 16.6%). This study addressed sustainable management and resource efficiency enabling the bioconversion of high-organic-load and toxic waste streams into valuable products within a circular bioeconomy approach.

Study of pipe steel resistance to deformation in laboratory conditions and on the data from industrial rolling with the use of machine learning tools

The study of resistance to deformation of various steel grades is one of the key issues for the adequate operation of automation systems, which makes it possible to obtain rolled products with the required accuracy in terms of geometric characteristics. In addition, knowledge of deformation resistance is important in the design of rolling mill equipment. In the literature, the values ​​of deformation resistance in the overwhelming majority of cases are given in the form of coefficients of various equations (for example, Hensel-Spittel). However, these formulas often have limitations in the range of technological parameters where they give an acceptable result. It should also be considered that dozens of steel grades are produced at modern rolling mills, and their chemical composition can vary over a wide range depending on the final thickness of rolled products, customer requirements, or based on economic considerations (the most advantageous alloying composition). The study of the rheological properties of such a quantity of materials in the laboratory is expensive, long-term, and labor-intensive, and the literature sources do not provide completeness of the data. The article shows that, using data from industrial rolling mills and machine learning methods, it is possible to obtain information about the rheology of the material with satisfactory accuracy, which makes it possible to avoid laboratory studies. Carrying out such studies is possible due to the high saturation of modern rolling mills with various sensors and measuring instruments. Comparison of the results from industrial data was carried out with the values ​​of the deformation resistance obtained on the Gleeble machine. Based on this comparison, the model was trained based on gradient boosting to take into account the features of the technological process in industrial production.

Performance of green concrete paving block imbibed with industrial scrap steel mill scale for sustainable construction

The utilization of industrial waste materials in concrete compensates the shortage of natural resources by not only solving the problem due to disposal of wastes but also by developing alternative solutions to protect the environment as well as reduction in the area requirement for landfill. The concrete made with such wastages using less energy during its production and eco-friendly is called as Green Concrete. Variety of industrial wastes is employed as whole or partial substitution for coarse or fine aggregate. Steel mill scale is one such kind of waste materials produced as a result of hot process of rolling of steel in steel companies with rich source of iron content with least impurities. This research study investigates the viability of adopting steel mill scale as a partial substitute material for fine aggregate (M-sand). The current study investigates the influence on fresh and hardened concrete paving blocks and its properties, when M-sand is replaced at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% with steel mill scale using a mix ratio of 1:1.6:2.1 at sustained water-cement ratio value of 0.5 and target strength at 28 days of 30 Mega Pascal. Physical and chemical characterisation of the materials, concrete compressive strength, concrete split tensile strength, water absorption, and also micro-structural examination of hardened paving blocks are experimentally investigated. Results suggest that 60% of the replacements outperformed the originals. The research findings point towards the feasibility of producing paving blocks from scrap steel mill scale for enhancing environmentally friendly construction practices and sustainable pavement infrastructure.

Bioconversion of a Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate to Single Cell Oil for Biofuel Production in a Cost-Efficient Fermentation Process

Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus is a highly efficient single cell oil producer, which in addition to hexoses and pentoses can metabolize organic acids. In this study, fed-batch cultivation with consumption-based acetic acid feeding was further developed to integrate the transformation of an industrial paper mill lignocellulosic hydrolysate (LCH) into yeast oil. Employing pentose-rich LCH as a carbon source instead of glucose significantly improved both biomass formation and lipid titer, reaching 55.73 ± 5.20 g/L and 42.1 ± 1.7 g/L (75.5% lipid per biomass), respectively. This hybrid approach of using acetic acid and LCH in one process was further optimized to increase the share of bioavailable carbon from LCH using a combination of consumption-based and continuous feeding. Finally, the techno-economic analysis revealed a 26% cost reduction when using LCH instead of commercial glucose. In summary, we developed a process leading to a holistic approach to valorizing a pentose-rich industrial waste by converting it into oleochemicals.

Recent Progress and Future Perspectives for Zero Agriculture Waste Technologies: Pineapple Waste as a Case Study

Worldwide, a huge production of agro-industrial wastes is observed every year in the milling, brewing, agricultural, and food industries. Biochemical and bioactive substances can be produced from these agricultural wastes. Pineapple by-products, which consist of the peeled skin, core, crown end, etc., account for 60% of the weight of pineapple fruit and are disposed of as waste, causing disposal and pollution problems. The bioconversion process can utilize these wastes, which are rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, the main components, to produce value-added biochemicals/bioactive compounds such as pectin, citric acid, bromelain, ferulic acid, vanillin, and so on. Therefore, the sustainable solution for food and nutrition security can be supported by the utilization of pineapple waste. The proposed review article addresses approaches that do not generate waste while adding value. This can be achieved by using innovative biorefinery techniques such as green extraction and the use of green solvents. Microbial fermentation with an effective pretreatment (such as hydrothermal treatment and enzymatic treatment) to convert complex waste (pineapple fruit) into simple sugars and later fuel production are also discussed. The proposed review also provides a concise overview of the most recent research and developments in the field of advanced pineapple waste processing technologies.

Sustainable Economic Production Quantity Model Considering Greenhouse Gas and Wastewater Emissions

Pursuing sustainability in the production inventory model has motivated researchers to reconsider carbon emission costs. In this study, we develop an economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model to consider greenhouse gas and wastewater emission costs. This study aims to optimize the production quantity, the total costs per production cycle, and the waste emissions. To validate and test the model, data from a pulp and paper mill industry was used. The effectiveness of the model was determined by comparing the costs generated under three (3) scenarios: (1) an EPQ model that considers the costs of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; (2) an EPQ model considering shortages; and (3) a multiproduct EPQ model considering shortages. Our proposed sustainable EPQ models can provide decision-makers with insights to visualize how certain factors affect the manufacturing system. Future research can be conducted to consider the product life cycle as well as deteriorating items.

The Role of Business Finance in Sustainable Development: Insights from Spinning Mills

Corporate finance and agricultural economics are critical to spinning mills for sustainable development and financial sustainability. This study aims to investigate the crucial role that corporate finance plays in fostering sustainable growth in the context of spinning mills. Spinning mill profitability is influenced by the cost, availability, and sustainability of agricultural goods such as cotton, wool, and synthetic fibers. The study comes to the conclusion that although the textile industry and spinning mills in particular is vital to the expansion of the global economy, there are often significant social and environmental consequences associated with its operations. Spinning mill financial performance is influenced by the agriculture economics that drive the raw material market dynamics. Effective corporate finance strategies consider these elements in order to avoid risks and maximize opportunities for sustainable development. Business financing initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development ought to consider social concerns such as community involvement, worker rights, and rural development. Using a comprehensive approach, the proposed study would look into the connection between agricultural finance and sustainable growth in spinning mills. Furthermore, the study sheds new insight on how a thorough understanding of agricultural economics may help spinning mills assess the social impact of their operations and allocate resources more wisely.

The Role of Business Finance in Sustainable Development: Insights from Spinning Mills

Corporate finance and agricultural economics are critical to spinning mills for sustainable development and financial sustainability. This study aims to investigate the crucial role that corporate finance plays in fostering sustainable growth in the context of spinning mills. Spinning mill profitability is influenced by the cost, availability, and sustainability of agricultural goods such as cotton, wool, and synthetic fibers. The study comes to the conclusion that although the textile industry and spinning mills in particular is vital to the expansion of the global economy, there are often significant social and environmental consequences associated with its operations. Spinning mill financial performance is influenced by the agriculture economics that drive the raw material market dynamics. Effective corporate finance strategies consider these elements in order to avoid risks and maximize opportunities for sustainable development. Business financing initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development ought to consider social concerns such as community involvement, worker rights, and rural development. Using a comprehensive approach, the proposed study would look into the connection between agricultural finance and sustainable growth in spinning mills. Furthermore, the study sheds new insight on how a thorough understanding of agricultural economics may help spinning mills assess the social impact of their operations and allocate resources more wisely.

Effect of Controlled Oxygen Supply during Crushing on Volatile and Phenol Compounds and Sensory Characteristics in Coratina and Ogliarola Virgin Olive Oils.

In virgin olive oil industries, the technological choices of the production plant affect the biochemical activities that take place in the olives being processed throughout the entire process, thereby affecting the quality of the final product. The lipoxygenase pool enzymes that operated their activity during the first phases of the process need the best conditions to work, especially concerning temperature and oxygen availability. In this study, a system was equipped to supply oxygen in the crusher at a controllable concentration in an industrial olive oil mill at pilot plant scale, and four oxygen concentrations and two cultivars, Coratina and Ogliarola, were tested. The best concentration for oxygen supply was 0.2 L/min at the working capacity of 0.64 Ton/h. Further, using this addition of oxygen, it was possible to increase the compound's concentration, which is responsible for the green, fruity aroma. The effect on volatile compounds was also confirmed by the sensory analyses. However, at the same time, it was possible to maintain the concentration of phenols in a good quality olive oil while also preserving all the antioxidant properties of the product due to the presence of phenols. This study corroborates the importance of controlling oxygen supply in the first step of the process for process management and quality improvement in virgin olive oil production.

A Review of Plastic Contamination Challenges and Mitigation Efforts in Cotton and Textile Milling Industries

Plastic contamination is a burning issue costing the global cotton and textile industries billions of dollars annually. Any time plastics from different sources end up in a cotton lint bale, the value to the textile mills plummets significantly. Various industry players have therefore made a concerted effort to find lasting solutions to the menace posed by plastic to cotton profitability and sustainability. Nevertheless, until now, there have been no up-to-date comprehensive documents detailing the numerous and ever-growing efforts committed to solving this challenge. Therefore, this article provides a detailed yet compact review of this highly dynamic subject matter. First, it puts into perspective plastic contamination in the cotton and textile industries. Then, the cotton value chain is subdivided into phases from pre-cultivation to textile mills. The root causes of plastic contamination are discussed in each stage, followed by discussions of some already developed and emerging solutions in response to the challenge by the affected industries and researchers. Concluding from the author’s perspective, the paper makes projections for the future directions of plastic mitigation efforts within the cotton and textile industries. This article also infers from the reviewed literature that research on finding alternative materials to plastic as module wrap, the development of new, effective, and all-condition plastic sensing techniques for ginning and spinning equipment, and standardized protocols for UAV in-field surveys of plastic trash are some of the areas that will be beneficial to finding a permanent solution to the challenge.

Study of energy-efficient attributes of overall equipment effectiveness in Indian sugar mill industries through analytical hierarchy process (AHP)

Study of energy-efficient attributes of overall equipment effectiveness in Indian sugar mill industries through analytical hierarchy process (AHP)

Participation of the Subjects of the Habsburg Empire in the Flour Industry of the Right-Bank Ukraine (19th — Early 20th Centuries)

The article analyzes the participation of the subjects of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the milling industry of the Right-Bank Ukraine in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was revealed that during the researched period, citizens of the Habsburg monarchy played a prominent role in the flour industry of the Right-Bank Ukraine. It was found that they gave a powerful impetus to the development of the flour industry and the formation of the qualified workforce of mill workers, which in turn became an important factor in accelerating the economic development of the region. It is noted that this was facilitated by the close economic, social and political ties between the two empires and the relevant legislation in the field of trade and industrial entrepreneurship. It is shown that the active participation of Austrians, Hungarians, Czechs and other representatives of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the flour milling industry of the Right-Bank Ukraine ensured their positive influence on the development of milling. It was revealed that the Austrian immigrants expanded advanced technologies, European entrepreneurial and management culture, invested capital in the flour industry. It was found that high professionalism and good reputation of the citizens of Austria-Hungary contributed to their recruitment to the positions of employees, mill workers, therefore, on the Right-Bank of Ukraine specialists from European countries were highly valued and recruited to the most important positions: managing directors, assistant managers, machinists, mechanics. It is shown that many Austro-Hungarian industrial and trading companies had their representative offices on the Right-Bank of Ukraine, through which they sold goods of Austrian and Hungarian production. Steam engines and mill mechanisms manufactured by the Royal Hungarian Engineering Works in Budapest proved very popular in the region’s steam mills. It is proven that with the beginning of the First World War, the entrepreneurship of Austrian subjects began to curtail as a result of a series of laws, according to which German and Austro-Hungarian subjects were obliged to forcibly sell real estate (land, enterprises, firms) that they owned.

Sales costs and profitability of a milling industry in Cajamarca - Peru

This article presents the results of the relationship between sales costs and profitability in Industria Molinera Santa Isabel Rice S.A.C. in the periods 2020 and 2021. This research is of a basic type, of a non-experimental design, of a correlational scope and with a quantitative approach; The population comprises twenty-four (24) financial statements corresponding to the periods 2020 and 2021. The sample is made up of the company Industria Molinera Santa Isabel Rice S.A.C. the documentary analysis technique was used through the content analysis instrument, where when obtaining the results, the relationship of sales costs with the profitability of the industry is examined. The IBM SPSS 2.3 software analyzed the data. It demonstrated a very significant inverse relationship between the cost of sales and profitability over revenue, with a relationship of 98.2%. However, the sales cost and the economic profitability index showed a lack of relationship. Likewise, there was no relationship between the sales cost and the financial profitability index.

Mechanical Chaotic Duffing System with Magnetic Springs

Mechanical systems with inherent chaotic behavior are of notable practical interest due to their applicability in many fields of technology, from industrial mills and concrete mixers to microscopic micromechanical random bit generators. One of the most generic mathematical models for designing chaotic mechanical systems is the Duffing oscillator, which demonstrates chaotic motion under periodic excitation. The mechanical implementation of Duffing oscillator requires nonlinear springs, which can be implemented using different physical principles. In the current study, we propose the mechanical Duffing oscillator with magnetic springs as a low-wear, robust and easy-to-implement solution. We show by simulation and experimentation that the developed mechanical system performs chaotic oscillations in a wide range of parameters. The proposed design can be revised in a problem-specific manner and achieve many practical applications.

Concrete made from waste paper sludge (WPS): a sustainable material

PurposeThe growing quantity of waste is a worrying reality that has resulted in environmental sustainability challenges. Waste paper sludge (WPS) in large quantities from paper mill industry are produced every year. Their disposal in landfills, in general, pollutes the environment. Cement manufacture also contributes to global warming by emitting carbon dioxide. As a result, a novel use of industrial wastes as a supplemental cementitious ingredient in concrete formulation can help to mitigate the environmental problem. This paper aims to study the possibility of usage of WPS as partial replacements of cement for sustainable development of concrete.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims at testing the mechanical properties of concrete that has been mixed with WPS. Between 5% and 20% of the weight of cement, WPS was used to substitute it. The water binder ratios of 0.55, 0.50, 0.45 and 0.42 were all considered for an experiment to better understand the impact of WPS on concrete. In terms of workability, density, water absorption (WA), compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS), concrete mixtures were created, tested and compared to traditional concrete mixes.FindingsAccording to the findings, the initial and final setting times of the concrete mixtures were both significantly delayed, and the workability and density of the concrete mixtures were both significantly lowered at all water binder ratios and replacement levels. Both compressive and FS of concrete made with WSP declined significantly at all water binder ratio. Substitution of cement by WPS enhanced the WA of all the concrete mixes. The mechanical performance of concrete mixtures that were made with a replacement level of 5% exhibited noticeable improvements. Whereas the more is the replacement levels the more the loss in the mechanical properties were noted. The ideal replacement levels for the WPS are up to 5% only.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by exploring the ecological and sustainable effects of using WPS in construction materials.

EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PARAMETERS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TUR DAL (PIGEON PEA) ANALOGUES DEVELOPED FROM TUR DAL BROKENS

Dehusking and splitting are typically the steps involved in converting pulses into dal. The milling losses in commercial pulse mills can be attributed to the small brokens and fine powders found during scoring and concurrent dehusking and splitting operations. The fracture of dal kernels during the milling process is a problem in the dal milling industry, and customers don’t generally like these broken kernels. The only way to turn these unused milling fractions into profitable products is through extrusion cooking. Extrusion cooking of flour of redgram dal brokens with addition of some additives was done to prepare Tur dal analogues at various extrusion process parameters. The effect of barrel temperature (120 – 175 oC), feed moisture content (18-25%), feed rate (40-60 kg/h) and screw speed (100-220 rpm) on bulk density, expansion ratio and hardness of Tur dal analogues were investigated. To develop the prediction model, a central composite rotable design (CCRD) using response surface method (RSM) was applied. Each variable’s impact on the responses was measured via regression equations. The second-order quadratic regression model fit the variation adequately. The significance was established at p0.05. An increase in bulk density and decrease in expansion ratio with increase in feed moisture content and feed rate was observed. The bulk density and hardness increased as the barrel temperature increased when the feed moisture content was lower; conversely, when the feed moisture content was higher, the bulk density and hardness reduced as the barrel temperature increases.

Особенности использования возобновляемых источников энергии в сельском хозяйстве Cтавропольской губернии в пореформенный период

Introduction. The article studies the peculiarities of the use of renewable energy sources in the Stavropol province of the post-reform period, mainly in the field of flour milling, which added most to the well-being of both local population and the population of adjacent regions. Materials and research methods. The study analyzes historical statistical data reflecting the state of the flour milling industry of the Stavropol province in the post-reform period. The research is based on open literary sources of the XIX–XX centuries. Research results and their discussion. In the course of the study, the dynamics of the number and territorial features of the placement of windmills and watermills of the Stavropol province for the post-reform period were analyzed. The state of flour milling in the Stavropol province of the XIX and early XX centuries is characterized, and an overview of the features of the use of various types of mills in agriculture is given. Data on the current state of alternative energy in the Stavropol Krai are presented. Conclusions. The use of renewable energy sources in the Stavropol province for grain processing prevailed until the second half of the XIX century, and the various territories of the Stavropol province were heterogeneous in the quantitative composition of the types of mills used. By the beginning of the XX century, water and windmills were being replaced by steam mills, the stability of which was less affected by the weather and climatic conditions of the territory.

Effect of Vortex Finder Addition Modification on Cyclone Separator Performance in the Rice Milling Industry

Effect of Vortex Finder Addition Modification on Cyclone Separator Performance in the Rice Milling Industry