Mixture Of Millet Research Articles

Quantitative analysis of millet mixtures based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and improved coati optimization algorithm

The significant difference in economic and nutritional value between new and old cereals has led to a plethora of grain mix-ups on the market, and it is necessary to distinguish the old and new grains accurately and quickly. In this study, millet, which has high economic and nutritional value in cereals, was used as the research object. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to detect its mixture. The experimental findings show that, compared to the partial least squares regression model, and the support vector regression models optimized by particle swarm and grid algorithms, the support vector regression model optimized by the coati optimization algorithm (COA) exhibits superior performance. In order to further improve the prediction accuracy of the support vector regression model, an improved COA was proposed. The quality and diversity of the initial population are improved by introducing chaotic mapping, tent mapping, and opposition based learning mechanisms, followed by the introduction of adaptive weights and Wright flight mechanisms, which enhance the flexibility and convergence speed of the algorithm, and finally, the introduction of the sine-cosine algorithm to improve the search range. The experiments demonstrate that a support vector regression model optimized by an enhanced coati’s algorithm provides superior quantitative analysis of millet mixtures as compared to other models tested. The optimized model achieves high prediction accuracy, with correlation coefficients reaching 0.9872 and 0.9742 for millet mixtures with gradient ratios of 10% and 2%, respectively. This research provides technical support and a reference for rapid, nondestructive quantitative detection of millet mixtures while opening up new possibilities for subsequent quantitative detection of other cereals.

Characterization of Nonconventional Food Plants Seeds Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Panicum miliaceum L., and Phalaris canariensis L. for Application in the Bakery Industry

Consumers have given preferences to food products that, in addition to the nutritional properties, also present bioactive characteristics with beneficial health effects. The use of Nonconventional Food Plants (NCFP) has been an asset for the food industry, not only due to its abundance but, also, because it does not compete with other vegetable matrices used for human consumption for its nutritional properties, chemical and bioactive potentiality. The present work aimed to study the granulometry and water absorption index of three seeds of unconventional food plants: niger, millet and birdseed, followed by their nutritional value, content in free sugars, fatty acids, organic acids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds by chromatographic methods and, also, the evaluation of the antioxidant, hepatotoxic and antimicrobial potential in their hydroethanolic extracts. Bakery products were developed with a partial replacement of wheat flour, using the centroid simplex method to understand the effect of applying NCFP flours in the final physical–chemical characteristics. The high granulometry associated with the high water absorption index indicates that the use of NCFP flours would have to be complemented with other flours for baking. The chemical composition of niger seed stood out the most; however, all seeds presented relatively low IC50 and MIC values for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activity, respectively. Finally, breads made with a mixture of millet and birdseed flour showed the greatest similarity to the control bread. Considering their composition in bioactive compounds, the use of these seeds is highly advisable in the context of a fortified diet, being sources of compounds of high nutritional value and with beneficial health effects for the final consumer.

Возделывание проса в смеси с бобовыми культурами на зелёную массу в лесостепи Предбайкалья

В статье представлены результаты полевых исследований влияния видов кормовых культур и их норм высева в смешанных посевах на кормовое достоинство травостоя. Целью данного исследования являлось изучение просяно-бобовых смесей в неблагоприятных климатических условиях Предбайкалья. Исследования проводились в 20172019 годах на опытном поле Иркутского НИИСХ. Представлены результаты анализа продуктивности и питательной ценности одновидового посева проса и его смесей с пелюшкой и викой. Установлена целесообразность возделывания на зелёную массу кормовых культур в двухкомпонентных агроценозах. Изучение просяно-пелюшковых смесей показало, что соотношение компонентов 70:50 имело превосходство от 0,2 до 31,2 по всем показателям продуктивности над посевом проса в чистом виде. Совсем иная картина имела место при изучении просяно-виковых посевов, так как все ценозы по всем показателям кормового достоинства дали прибавку. Наиболее высокую прибавку обеспечил вариант просо 70 вика 50, превысивший посев проса с пелюшкой в таком же соотношение компонентов на 8,422,9, а одновидовый посев проса на 9,753,1. Самую высокую обеспеченность переваримым протеином 123,6 г в 1 корм. ед., по данным химического анализа, показала смесь проса с пелюшкой в соотношение культур 70:60, которая превзошла посев проса в чистом виде на 17,7, или в 1,3 раза. Изучение химического состава фитоценозов позволило получить данные, определяющие питательность кормов. Установлено, что содержание сырого протеина и сырой клетчатки в смешанных посевах выше, чем в одновидовом посеве проса соответственно в 1,81,9 и 2,52,6 раза. Сахарами были богаче просяно-пелюшковые смеси, а сырой золой и кальцием просяно-виковые. Выявлено, что агроценозы богаче протеином и более сбалансированы по содержанию элементов питания. The paper reports on the effect of crop species and their seeding rate on forage quality of such mixtures. The investigation was conducted at the Irkutsk Agricultural Research Institute in 20172019 and tested millet-legume mixtures under unfavorable conditions of Cisbaikalia. The analyses dealt with productivity and nutritional value of pure millet ecosystems and its mixtures with Australian winter pea and vetch. Two-component ecosystems were efficient for green mass production. Millet-Australian winter pea stands (70:50) exceeded pure millet by 0.231.2 in productivity. Millet-vetch mixtures showed increases in all the forage traits. Millet-vetch swards (70:50) exceeded millet-Australian winter pea stands (70:50) by 8.422.9 in productivity, pure millet by 9.753.1. Combination of millet with Australian winter pea (70:60) showed the highest yield of digestible protein 123.6 g per 1 feed unit, exceeding millet monoculture by 17.7, or 1.3 times. Mixtures exceeded pure stands in crude protein and fiber by 1.81.9 and 2.52.6 times, respectively. Mixtures of millet with Australian winter pea had higher content of sugars while millet-vetch swards crude ash and calcium. The ecosystems were richer in protein and more balanced in nutrient content.

DYNAMICS OF NUTRITION ELEMENTS IN FODDER CROPS AGROCENOUSES

Rapeseed and rapeseed and millet mixtures are cultivated, the supply of chernozem with nitrate nitrogen is low and medium, the supply of ammonium nitrogen is high. The availability of mobile phosphorus is reduced by the end of the growing season. The availability of exchange potassium for these crops is very high.

Plantas de cobertura em sucessão ao milho para silagem em condições do cerrado

Although some studies on cover crops in grain production areas have been developed in recent years, information on cover crops in succession to corn silage are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cover crops on the accumulation of nutrients and dry mass yield (DM) in shoots of corn plants in silage production area in the central region of Minas Gerais. The experiment was carried out in two different harvests: 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, which eigth treatments were used consisted of six cover species (turnip, millet, B. ruzziziensis, B. decumbens, crotalaria and sunflower), in addition to a treatment comprising the mixture of millet and crotalaria species and fallow area representing control treatment. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. In the two years of cultivation, the total quantities of nutrients accumulated in the shoots of corn plants did not vary with cover crops, except for the amount of Fe. In two crops, DM yield of corn shoots did not vary according to the different cover crops. The absence of response in corn yield was attributed to lack of adequate moisture for growing corn due to dry spells during harvests.

English

Wheat, barley and finger millet as a major crop and lupine as a companion crop are food crops often traditionally grown in an intercropping in North Western Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted on intercropping of lupine (Lupinus albus L.) with wheat (Triticum aestivum), barely (Hordeum vulgar) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in 2009 at Adet Agricultural research station. The treatments were  sole wheat at a seed rate of 175 kg/ ha, sole barley at a seed rate of 125 kg/ ha, sole finger millet at a seed rate of 30 kg/ ha, sole lupine at a seed rate of 90 kg/ h and 25, 50 and 75% of the sole lupine seed rate combined with each full cereal seed rate to determine the effect of lupine intercropping and seed proportion on the growth, yield and yield component;  and lodging of wheat, barley and finger millet. The trial layout was a completely randomized block design with three replications. SAS software’s were used to compute the analysis of variance. Increasing in lupine seed proportion in a mixture, delay in finger millet days to heading and maturity also significantly increased. The yield and yield component of most cereals were not significantly affected when they were intercropped with lupine in all seeding ratios except finger millet plant height, harvest index and wheat total biomass yield. Hence, growing cereals in association with lupine was not showed its yield reduction and the farmer’s primary objective of maintaining a ‘full’ cereal yield was attained.  Intercropping lupine with cereals gave physical support for cereals particularly in high lupine seed proportion. The combined yield advantage was greater than one in the cases of lupine-wheat followed by lupine-finger millet mixtures at all seeding ratios. Hence, two of the best combinations which were gave higher land use efficiency are the lupine-wheat mixture at the 75:100 seeding ratio (49.4%) followed by the lupine-finger millet mixtures at the 75:100 seeding ratio (29.4%).   Key words: Wheat, barley, finger millet, lupine, intercropping, seed proportion.

Competition Indices of Intercropped Lupine (Local) and Small Cereals in Additive Series in West Gojam, North Western Ethiopia

The experiment was conducted on intercropping of lupine (Lupinus albus L.) with wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgar) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in 2009 at Adet Agricultural research station, in Western Gojam. The treatments were sole wheat at a seed rate of 175 kg/ha, sole barley at a seed rate of 125 kg/ha, sole finger millet at a seed rate of 30 kg/ha, sole lupine at a seed rate of 90 kg/ha, and an additive series of 25, 50 and 75% of the sole lupine seed rate combined with the full cereal seed rate to determine the effect of intercropping on competition (CR) among the different species, the land equivalent and area time equivalent ratios (LER and ATER); and the economic feasibility of each intercropping system(MAI) as compared with sole cropped. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with nine intercropping and four sole cropping systems in three replications. Lupine was planted in rows after establishment of main crops. JMP-5 (SAS, 2002) software’s was used to compute the analysis of variance. Partial LER of lupine was lower than LER of cereal, indicating an advantage for main crops and a disadvantage for the minor crop. Values of ATER showed 4.9%-31.3% and 11.1%-37.8% advantage in lupine-wheat and lupine-finger millet combinations, respectively, whilst lupine-barley combinations showed ATER of 54.5%-60.9% disadvantage. CR showed dominancy of wheat and barley over lupine while lupine was higher CR than finger millet. Positive MAI values were recorded in lupine-wheat and lupine-finger millet mixtures indicating that these intercropping systems were a definite yield advantage and the most profitable as compared to sole cropped. In conclusion, the lupine-finger millet mixture at the 50:100 seeding ratio and 75:100 seeding ratio; and lupine-wheat mixture at the 75:100 seeding ratio indicated a significant advantage from intercropping which was attributed to better MAI and land use efficiency (higher LER and ATER), lower CR and thereby enhanced sustainability of crop production in West Gojam, but the other socio-economic and cost of production aspects of intercropping should also be assessed especially under small scale farmers’ conditions.

Effect of fermentation on the nutritional quality and functional properties of infant food formulations prepared from bambarra-groundnut, fluted-pumpkin and millet seeds.

Weaning foods were formulated by complementation of millet with bambarra groundnut seeds and fluted pumkin seeds. The proximate composition of the individual seeds and the formulations were determined. The composite flour blend containing the highest quantity of fluted pumkin seeds was found to have the highest protein and fat contents (24 and 8% respectively). Functional properties of formulated weaning foods were evaluated. The effect of fermentation on the nutritional quality of the products were determined by animal feeding experiments. The feed intake, weight gain and PER values were evaluated. Fermentation was found to improve the nutritional quality of the formulations. The fermented composite mixture of millet, bambarra groundnut and fluted pumpkin flour (1:1:2) was found to have the highest PER value of 2.1. This suggests that this fermented product will support growth in children better than other formulations.