Miller Effect Research Articles

An extremely low capacitance very low frequency RC active network

A multiamplifier RC active network is described which utilizes both low-pass positive feedback and Miller effect techniques to reduce the capacitance required for very low frequency operation. It is shown that the network, which has both low-pass and bandpass filter capabilities in addition to an oscillator mode, is primarily suitable for low to moderate Q factor applications.

Practical minimum-capacitance very-low-frequency RC active network

A practical solution to the problem of capacitance minimisation in very-low-frequency RC active networks is presented. The proposed multiloop structure functions as a lowpass filter, a medium Q factor bandpass filter or an oscillator and achieves capacitance enhancement via the well known Miller effect.

Progress in Monobaths

AbstractMonobaths have been known for over seven decades but Keelan's post-war researches may be said to constitute a watershed between purely empirical and scientific formulation. The kinetic studies of Klein and Swing and Berry, taken together with the contributions of Keelan and the work of two groups of researchers associated with Barnes and Jaenicke respectively, have led to the elucidation of the main mechanism of monobath processing. It is now known that (a) monobath processing will produce the deposition of excess silver as compared with conventional two-bath treatment, (b) not all of this deposited silver will have the same covering power. Researches hove shown that the deposition of excess silver is affected by exposure level, thiosulphate concentration and development time, and it is also known that the hitherto inadequately explained Miller effect is based on the difference in the relative covering powers of chemically and physically reduced silver. On the practical side, the availability of m...

Achieving stable high-gain video amplification using the Miller-effect transformation

The pass band and gain of cascaded linear-amplifier stage is limited by the shunt reactance of the Miller impedance presented by the following stage. This paper presents a method of utilizing the Miller effect to provide control of bandwidth, stability and loading resulting in greatly improved video-amplifier performance. The design illustration provides more than 5500-Mc voltage gain-bandwidth product with a power gain better than one billion (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> ) without using inductive components. The voltage gain change from 55°C to 85°C is less than 1 db as is the voltage gain change for ±30 per cent variations in power-supply voltage. The wide-band noise figure is 1.6 db. Topics discussed are: 1) Deliberate loading by Miller effect, 2) Stability control by Miller effect, 3) Bandwidth control by Miller effect.

The Viability of Chrysemys picta Submerged at Various Temperatures

The Viability of Chrysemys picta Submerged at Various Temperatures

Dynamic Analog Speech Synthesizer

A dynamically controllable electrical analog of the vocal tract capable of synthesizing sequences of speech sounds is described. The acoustic transmission line between the glottis and lips in the human vocal tract is realized electrically by eleven electronically controlled variable LC sections plus three fixed sections. Each variable capacitor is realized by means of the Miller effect, and the inductors are saturable reactors. Both elements of each section are controlled by a single voltage in a manner that constrains the LC product to remain constant, and varies the ratio L/C to simulate changes in effective cross-sectional area. The analog can be excited by a buzz source to simulate the glottal tone, by a noise source inserted at various distances from the glottis to simulate the noise of turbulence, or by both together. Thus, vowels and most consonants can be produced with equal facility by the dynamic analog. Control voltages are derived from a resistance network in which a series of desired articulatory configurations is stored. A timing arrangement chooses the excitation and articulatory configurations in the proper sequence, and smoothing circuits are used to assure natural transitions from one configuration to the next.

Dynamic Analog of the Vocal Tract

A dynamically controllable electrical analog of the vocal tract capable of synthesizing sequences of speech sounds is described. The acoustic transmission line between the glottis and lips in the human vocal tract is realized electrically by eleven electronically controlled variable LC sections plus three fixed sections. Each variable capacitor is realized by means of the Miller effect, and the inductors are saturable reactors. Both elements of each section are controlled by a single voltage in a manner that constrains the LC product to remain constant, and varies the ratio L/C to simulate changes in effective cross-sectional area. The analog can be excited by a buzz source to simulate the glottal tone, by a noise source inserted at various distances from the glottis to simulate the noise of turbulence, or by both together. Thus vowels and most consonants can be produced with equal facility by the dynamic analog. Control voltages are derived from a resistance network in which a series of desired articulatory configurations is stored. A timing arrangement chooses the excitation and articulatory configurations in the proper sequence, and smoothing circuits are used to assure natural transitions from one configuration to the next. Several synthesized syllables are demonstrated by means of recordings. [This work was supported in part by the Air Force Cambridge Research Center under Contract No. AF 19(604)-626.]

A Formant Tracker for Speech Sounds

The central frequencies of the principal resonance regions, or formants, have been found to contain sufficient information to resynthesize intelligible speech, as far as vowels and other nonturbulent sounds are concerned. When a single formant is isolated by filtering, one-half the average zero-crossing density, ρ0, is shown to be a convenient approximation to the formant's central frequency. Filters which are controlled electronically by a preliminary approximation to the first-formant frequency, in such a way as to isolate the first two formant regions, have been built and tested. LP and HP filters for the first and second formants, respectively, are based on a circuit by Linvill which uses a transistor negative-impedance converter. An alternate filter of the tuned-circuit type has proved more satisfactory for the first formant. The variable elements in the HP and tuned-circuit filters are Increductors, while the LP filter uses a circuit based on the Miller effect to represent an electronically controllable capacitor. [The research in this paper has been made possible through support and sponsorship extended by the Electronics Research Directorate of the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, under Contract No. AF19(604)-1039, Item I.]

The Miller Effect and Relativity

IT is reasonable that the unexpected results of the recent repetition of the Michelson experiment by Prof. D. C. Miller should have made Dr. Silberstein say that they “knock out the relativity theory radically” (NATURE, May 23, p. 798). But though Einstein has built the special Theory of Relativity on the negative result of the experiment, I am of opinion that the Miller effect does not prove anything against the general theory. It should be stated emphatically that the special Theory of Relativity can only be built up rigorously if based upon the general theory, not inversely. The special theory does not consider any but linear transformations. But avoid ing every acceleration implies the impossibility of comparing measures and clocks moving relatively to each other. On the other hand, the usual sup position that the effect of a passage from rest to uniform motion, etc., tends to zero with the time in which it takes place, can only be based upon the assumption that the ratio of the time to the proper time (interval) between two points on any (curved) world line remains finite and different from zero. But this assumption requires the consideration of non-linear transformations, and thus of the general Theory of Relativity.