Milkfish Farming Research Articles

PROFIL TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DI PUJUT KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

Milkfish cultivation with traditional technology in Mertak Village only lasts one cycle per year. The limited cycle of milkfish cultivation causes it to be less desirable, even though the profit level is quite high. For this reason, this study aims to study the key variables of cultivation and estimate the feasibility of the milkfish cultivation business. This research was conducted in Mertak Village, Central Lombok. used in this research is descriptive survey, and data collection using census method. Data analysis uses Regression-Correlation which aims to predict the determination / influence of the independent variable (X) on the dependent variable (Y). The results of the technical evaluation of milkfish cultivation in the village of Mertak amounted to 563 kg/ha/cycle with the size of the milkfish harvesting 8 individuals/kg. In addition, averange body weight (ABW) of 125 grams/individual was obtained, survival rate (SR) reached 53.68%, and FCR 0.23. The results of the business feasibility analysis show the value of the Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio) = 2.218, which means that the milkfish cultivation business is feasible to continue because the B/C ratio is >1.0. The milkfish cultivation activities in Mertak Village, Pujut Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency have followed the rules of good aquaculture practice (GAP). The milkfish farmers consistently run their business to increase pond productivity.

Comparative pathogenicity and histopathological analysis of Edwardsiella anguillarum intraperitoneal infection in milkfish (Chanos chanos), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer).

Edwardsiella anguillarum, a highly virulent species within the Edwardsiella genus, causes significant mortality in milkfish farms in Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of milkfish susceptibility, a newly identified host species in Taiwanese aquaculture, with other species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), to E. anguillarum, elucidating its pathogenicity across both seawater and freshwater aquaculture environments. The results showed milkfish exhibited the highest mortality rate of 85% within 48 h of infection, whereas Nile tilapia exhibited a mortality rate of 70% between the second- and tenth-day post challenge, and seabass exhibited a mortality rate of 25% between the second- and sixth-day post challenge. Gross lesions observed in milkfish included splenomegaly and haemorrhage, whereas Nile tilapia exhibited signs of ascites, exophthalmia and brain haemorrhage. Seabass displayed spleen granulomas and haemorrhage at the injection site. Histopathological analysis revealed common features across all three species, including multifocal necrosis, bacterial presence in the necrotic areas, serositis and oedema. Asian seabass also exhibited chronic lesions in the form of splenic granulomas. This study highlights the high susceptibility of milkfish and Nile tilapia to E. anguillarum, emphasizing the urgent need for further investigation into targeted vaccine development for these fish species. These results not only deepen our understanding of the differing levels of pathogenicity among the three species but also offer valuable insights for improving disease prevention and management strategies in aquaculture, including those applied within polyculture systems and for the maintenance of aquaculture water environments.

A time series analysis of aquaculture milkfish production volume using the Box-Jenkins SARIMA Model: A case study from Davao Oriental, Philippines

Milkfish farming has been historically practiced in the Philippines for a long time and is a significant source of income and livelihood for fish farmers in the country. In this paper, the researchers analyzed the aquaculture milkfish production volume in Davao Oriental from 1996 to 2023 using Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). The SARIMA model was used to forecast milkfish production future values, which provided insights into the aquaculture sector's potential development in the province. The autocorrelation, partial autocorrelation, and stationarity tests indicate that milkfish production from 1996 to 2023 was not stationary. Thus, seasonal differencing was used to achieve stationarity. Several models were developed and diagnosed, and SARIMA (2,0,2) (1,1,1) 4 provided satisfactory accuracy and precision in forecasting. However, the forecast showed some fluctuations or uncertainty in the predicted milkfish production. This can be reasoned out to be due to other environmental factors such as typhoons, rain, diseases or abnormally high sea surface temperature from climate change impacts. An actual environmental and socio-demographic survey is needed to explore further whether environmental factors are indeed affecting the production of milkfish in Davao Oriental, and therefore confirming the fluctuations of production.

ORDINARY LEAST SQUARE ANALYSIS IN ESTIMATING THE PRODUCTION FACTORS OF MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) NURSERY CULTIVATION IN TURI DISTRICT, LAMONGAN

Milkfish is one of the freshwater fish commodities highly favored by the community, as evidenced by the increasing market demand annually. The demand for milkfish nursery continuously rises in line with the expansion of milkfish enlargement efforts for bait and consumption sizes. Therefore, intensive engineering of milkfish nursery production technology is necessary to fulfill the nursery demand both in quantity and quality. This research aims to understand milkfish cultivation practices with the nursery production system in Turi District, Lamongan Regency, and analyze the production factors influencing milkfish cultivation with the aforementioned system. This study employs a quantitative descriptive method. Data collected include both primary and secondary data, gathered through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation techniques. The research findings indicate that factors positively affecting the income of milkfish farmers with the nursery production system include seed costs, fertilizer costs, and land area. This implies that the higher the utilization of these variables, the greater the income. On the other hand, labor costs and feed costs do not positively influence the income of milkfish farmers with the nursery production system.

Analisis Finansial Tambak Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) di Desa Dualaus. Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak. Kabupaten Belu

The research was conducted for one month. namely on June 1 - July 1. 2023. located in Dualaus Village pond. Kakuluk Mesak District. Belu Regency. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of milkfish farmers and the level of feasibility of milkfish pond business financially carried out by farmers in Fatuketi Village. as well as how to overcome obstacles in milkfish farming business. In this research. the methods applied include the use of Observation and Interview methods as a way to obtain primary and secondary data at the research site. The collected data were then analyzed through Characteristic Analysis and Feasibility Analysis. The results obtained by the characteristics of respondents include most of the ages of 40-60 years as much as (60%). with an average elementary school education as much as (60%) and the characteristics of respondents based on business experience mostly 21-30 years as much as (60%) who have run a milkfish rearing business that can produce 1094.8kg in one cultivation. The milkfish farming business in Dualaus Village is considered feasible to continue based on the analysis of the average profit of 37.263.000 break event points (BEP) with details of BEP (Kg) 2.086.45 kg and and BEP (RP) Rp. 20.963.64 / kg and (R / C) = 2.67. While the obstacles faced in Dualaus Village include the lack of water supply in the dry season in cultivation activities and the lack of water quality measuring instruments. So the solution in dealing with this is to ensure that the water level is at the minimum limit during the dry season and does not exceed the maximum limit in the rainy season. and provides water quality measurement tools and pest and disease management.
 
 Keywords: Financial feasibility analysis. milkfish

The Effect of Transaction Costs on the Sustainability of Milkfish Aquaculture in North Coast of Java, Indonesia

The potential of Milkfish Aquaculture on the North Coast of Java is very promising as the source of economy to both the farmers and Indonesia. However, the challenge faced by milkfish farmers is the fluctuation of input and selling prices may threaten business. Gresik as one of the center of milkfish production faces issues in accessing the market to sell their products, hence they require intermediaries that carries transaction costs which implicitly increase their final costs. Moreover, lack of cold storage and advance processing in the area complicate and reduce the bargaining value of milkfish farmers towards its buyer. This is because milkfish has a relatively very short shelf-life without proper storage or additional processing. The research is aimed to analyze the cost structure of milkfish farmers on the north coast of Java towards farmers income. Quantitative method is employed using two analyses: Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Mann-Whitney Comparative Test. This study found that input cost is significantly affect the milkfish farmer, while the investment and transaction costs do not affect the milkfish farmer. Although the transaction cost variable is not significant, it shows negative coefficient value which implies reverse relationship with income. The result of Comparative Test is that the transaction cost of traditional farmers is higher compared to the semi-intensive. This is because the semi-intensive aquaculture has a higher bargaining position compared to the traditional ones, so that the cost of information, negotiation and other transaction cost are lower compared to the traditional ones. This study may useful for the milkfish farmer to increase efficiencies in the production by reducing the hidden costs and improve supply chain of the milkfish industry for the sustainability of milkfish farmers and its sub-industries in Gresik.

ANALISIS NILAI GIZI OTAK-OTAK BANDENG (Chanos sp.) DAN PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PEMISAH DURI: STUDI KASUS UMKM AYAH OLALA, SUKOLILO JAWA TIMUR

Most of the residents in Keputih have a livelihood as milkfish farmers. Milkfish has the potential to be easily contaminated by microorganisms due to its high water content. Another problem related to milkfish is a large number of thorns in the meat, making it difficult to diversify its derivative products, therefore the Meat and Thron Separator (MT-Separator) is an innovation to separate meat from thorns. Community service activities have been carried out from June to October 2022 which took place at the Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, Airlangga University, Surabaya. Processing of milkfish brains is carried out at Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya. Community service activities begin with assistance to partners starting from the production process, the storage process, to the packaging process. Particularly emphasis on training the operation of the MT-Separator tool. UMKM Ayah Olala is an UMKM that focuses on processing milkfish brains which are located in Keputih Tegal Gang III No. 2, Sukolilo District, Surabaya City. The implementation of this community service begins with analyzing the problems faced by MSMEs such as business capital, production and managerial. The results of the analysis will then be evaluated to determine the output target to solve the problem. Based on the implementation of community service activities, it can be concluded that this activity was successful and provided insight regarding the introduction of product diversification of processed milkfish brains and the introduction of the Meat and Thron Separator tool. More intensive assistance is needed for Ayah Olala's UMKM starting from the production process, business capital assistance, managerial and operational as well as training in the operation of the MT-Separator tool.

Pemberdayaan Pembudidaya Ikan Melalui Pemberian Bantuan Bibit Ikan Bandeng di Desa Growong Kidul, Pati, Jawa Tengah

The empowerment program for milkfish farmers is an effort to enhance productivity and the well-being of the fishing community in Growong Kidul Village, Pati Regency, Central Java. The program's implementation includes the distribution of quality milkfish fingerlings to milkfish farmers as part of community engagement. The program aims to improve the technical knowledge of milkfish farming, strengthen the capacity of aquaculture infrastructure, and support the sustainability of the fisheries industry in the region. The methods employed include technical training, the provision of quality milkfish fingerlings, and assistance in the maintenance and marketing of milkfish farming products. Throughout the engagement activities, the community has shown great enthusiasm and participation. This is evident in the number of involved milkfish farmers, high attendance rates, active participation in discussions, and field activities. Ensuring the sustainability of this program is essential given the significant potential for milkfish farming development, especially in post-harvest processing.

Sustainable Development Strategy of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Aquaculture Using The SWOT and QSPM Approach : A Study in Fahiluka, Malaka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara

This study aims to develop milkfish (Chanos chanos) aquaculture in Fahiluka, Malaka and then set strategic priorities based on Quantitative Strategies Planning Matrix (QSPM) analysis. The data includes primary data from 50 milkfish farmers in Fahiluka and secondary data from documents from the Fahiluka village office. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strength (S) of ponds get a score of 0.60, they are privately owned ponds while the weakness (W) is that the pond area is in a disaster prone area, with a score of 0.54, market demand opportunity (O) is high with a score of 0.58. Meanwhile, the threat (T) is fishing theft with a score 0.45. Based on the QSPM analysis, total attractive score is 7.66, indicating an increase in pond management activities through the implementation of biosecurity.

Factors Affecting the Income of Milkfish Farmers During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Napalakura Village, Napabalano Sub District, Muna District

This study aims to identify the characteristics of milkfish pond farming, assess the income of milkfish pond farmers, and determine the factors affecting the income of milkfish pond farmers in Napalakura Village, Napabalano District, Muna Regency, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The investigation was conducted from August to December 2021 in Napalakura Village, Napabalano District, Muna Regency. Using a census sampling technique, forty respondents were selected for the study. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed for data analysis, providing insights into aquaculture characteristics, income analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The study findings revealed that milkfish farming encompasses breeding, fertilizing, maintaining, and harvesting. Milkfish farmers reported IDR 6,368,489 per cycle, equating to IDR 1,512,125 per month. With a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), the variables of production and labor were found to have a positive and significant impact on the income of milkfish farmers. At the same time, land area and capital investment showed no significant effect on the farmers' income.

PENGARUH FAKTOR SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN BUDIDAYA IKAN BANDENG DI KECAMATAN PADEMAWU KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN

Milkfish cultivation has a significant economic impact in Pademawu District. However, milkfish cultivators often encounter many obstacles during the cultivation process to selling it. This study aims to determine the effect of social and economic factors on the income of the milkfish farming community in Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 30 Pademawu people who cultivate milkfish. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The sampling technique uses a full sample, meaning that the entire study population is used as a sample. The results showed that social and economic factors had a positive effect on the income of the milkfish farming community in Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. Social and economic factors also simultaneously influence the income of the milkfish farming community in Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. Economic factors have the most dominant influence on the income of the milkfish farming community in Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. The practical implication of the results of this research is that milkfish cultivators must understand very well the importance of economic factors, one of which is capital. Farmers need to have sufficient capital so as not to interfere with the process of milkfish cultivation. The local government can also help find solutions related to capital, for example by establishing a cooperative for milkfish cultivators in Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency.

Water quality and financial feasibility analysis of the development of milkfish (Chanos sp.) farms in Pabean Ilir Village, Indramayu, West Java

The tidal flood that occurred in the coastal area of Indramayu in 2020 caused the farmers to fail the Vannamei shrimp harvest in Pabean Ilir Village. After the disaster, the farmers resumed their commodity with milkfish. To analyze if this strategy can compensate for the loss, it is essential to perform the feasibility and profitability of the new farming system. Water quality sampling, which referred to the standard method (APHA), was conducted at several sites in the pond. We elucidated the pattern of several water quality parameters such as water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia, while the financial feasibility was assessed with a cost-benefit analysis. The data to conduct the analysis was collected by arriving series of structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to measure the influence of changes in fish production and feed price. It is concluded that the water quality was suitable and safe for milkfish cultivation. We also noticed that the new aquaculture system was financially feasible, as indicated by the calculated net present value, benefit-cost ratio, and internal rate return.

Penerapan Konsep Sosial Sustainability pada Pola Aktivitas Pelelangan Ikan dan Ruang Publik di Kecamatan Ujung Pangkah Kabupaten Gresik

The potential of fish resources in Gresik district which is abundant at this time, has not been managed optimally. The existence of the processing business of milkfish farmers is still limited, in small industries to meet the needs of the local market, fisheries centers located in Ujung Pangkah Subdistrict are also considered to be inadequate by only having a container of Fish Auction Places (TPI) which is still lacking. It is hoped that the redesign of the TPI Building and Public Spaces in Ujung Pangkah Subdistrict will be able to accommodate the harvest of fish farmers and also provide public space facilities that can be utilized in Ujung Pangkah Subdistrict, Gresik Regency. contribute to the economic progress of the surrounding region. The Fish Auction Building in Ujung Pangkah Subdistrict was designed according to the food industry standards that pay attention to the level of cleanliness, safety and pollution of waste produced from fish that will be sold by fishermen. These standards serve to ensure the safety of product results from contamination. So that later the production can have a high selling price value and is safe for consumption.

Pengaruh Efisiensi Teknis Terhadap Pemilihan Lokasi Penjualan pada Usaha Tambak Bandeng di Indonesia

<p><em>Milkfish farmers in Indonesia have several alternatives in selling their production,but the reality is most of them still sell their production on farm gate level. This is presumably due to the inefficient use of inputs and it has an impact on declining yields. Consequently, there’s a need for input improvement through the technical efficiency in order to increase the amount of yields, so the farmers have a stronger bargaining position and have the opportunity to access markets that offer a higher price. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to measure the technical efficiency, (2) to analyze the correlation between technical efficiency and sales site choice, and (3) to analyze other factors that affect the farmers’ sale site choice. This study used data from census of agriculture 2013 as many as 1015 milkfish farmers in West Java. DEA approach is used to measure the technical efficiency, while logistic regression is used to analyze the factors that influence the farmers’ decisions. The results showed that the milkfish farmers have an average technical efficiency of 0.66. This technical efficiency had a positive influence on the selection of sale sites to the outside, such as cooperatives, exports, and processing industries. The significant factors were age, institutional membership, education level, pond size, price, and quantity of production.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>

Modeling milkfish farming in the land around the nickel-processing plant in North Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Modeling milkfish farming in the land around the nickel-processing plant in North Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH BISNIS BUDIDAYA IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DI DESA LABULU-BULU KECAMATAN PARIGI KABUPATEN MUNA

This research was conducted in Labulu-Bulu Village, Parigi District, Muna Regency from November to December 2018, with the aim of this rescardi is to study the business process of milkfish farming in Labulu-Bulu Village and assessing the value added created by the milkfish farmiy business. The number of respondents in this study were 3 business people in milkfish farmiy business obtained through purposive sampling. Data obtained through direct interviews using a questionnaire. The research variables measured and observed are the production process, costs, production quantities and prices. The data obtained were analyzed using profit analysis with the formula π = TR-TC and the added value with the formula NT = G + Pt + Pj + π. The amount of milkfish fish production per cycle was 28,700 kg; fixed costs amount is was to Rp118,313,018,9; variable costs in the amount of Rp172,105,000, with an average total cost of Rp. 96,806,006.3; the amount of milkfish business revenue is Rp.430,500,000, with an average profit of Rp.46,693,993.7 and an average added value of Rp120,806,667. The highest profit gained by the milkfish business man was Rp. 198,000,000 and the lowest profit was Rp76,500,000, while the highest added value was Rp. 167,630,000 and the lowest value added was Rp. 62,280,000. The results of the profit analysis show that the total profit value is Rp140,081,981 and the added value shows an average added value of Rp362,420,000. Keywords: Milkfish Cultivation, Benefits, Value Added

ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI MASYARAKAT PETANI PESISIR TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI ERA ADAPTASI KEBIASAAN BARU (Studi Kasus di Desa Jarangan, Kec. Rejoso, Kab. Pasuruan)

This study aims to describe the agribusiness management of coastal farming communities, identify the contribution of male and female farmers and analyze coastal farming businesses in order to help maintain regional food security. The results of the study show that pond agribusiness management is carried out traditionally in the saprodi and production subsystems. The contribution of coastal farmers to household resilience is dominated by male farmers in pond management with a percentage of 74% and female farmers 36%. Coastal farmers who work on ponds are able to meet their daily food needs. Sourced from the results of milkfish farming and wild shrimp fishing. The income obtained from these results of Rp. 6,295,712 per season or Rp. 2,098,570 per month can meet their other basic needs every month in this New Habit Adaptation Era.

Analysis of heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd) in milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) from milkfish farms in Bima Bay

The research aims to analysis of the content of heavy metals cadmium (Cd) in milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) from the encroachment of Bima bay at year 2020. The benefit of this study is to provide information related to the content of heavy metals cadmium (Cd) in milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) and protect the community or consumers from heavy metal contaminants. The research was conducted in Bima Bay, namely in 2 research locations, namely Malay village, Bima City, and Palibelo, Bima Regency. This type of research is descriptive explorative research—sampling techniques using purposive sampling. Samples of milkfish were taken directly on the pond area of 3 heads in each location. Then the sample is put in the sample box that has previously been washed clean. The research samples were then analyzed of the content of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer tool. The results showed that at the palibelo research site, Bima Regency in PB 1 samples contains cadmium (Cd) of 30 ppm, PB 2 samples of 40 ppm, and PB 3 samples of 10 ppm. Furthermore, at the location of Malay village, Bima City on KM 1 sample of 30 ppm, on KM 2 sample of 40 ppm, and KM 3 sample of 20 ppm. The content of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in milkfish (Chanos chanos forsk) from Bima Bay exceeds the threshold by BPOM Regulation No. 5 of 2018 is 0.1 ppm. The presence of heavy metal content cadmium (Cd) that exceeds this threshold indicates that the waters of Bima Bay have been contaminated by heavy metals Cadmium (Cd).

VALUE ADDED BUSINESS OF MILK FISH POND IN PINRANG REGENCY

Milkfish is no longer just a superior commodity in Pinrang Regency, but it has become an inflation suppressor in South Sulawesi, so that representatives of Bank Indonesia South Sulawesi have made the milkfish commodity a development cluster in Pinrang Regency. This study aims to analyze the added value of various types of milkfish products processed by milkfish processing household industries in Pinrang Regency. The research was conducted in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The location selection was carried out purposively with the consideration that the location is an area where milkfish processing is located. The respondents used were one home industry. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative method of data and information and Hayami method. The results showed the added value produced by the processing of boneless fish products with a small size of Rp. 3,450,-/head, medium size Rp. 6.182,-/head, large size Rp. 15,972,-/fish, shredded fish bone product Rp. 41,991,-/pack and Meatball products Rp. 60,923,-/ pack. This shows that the development of the milkfish processing industry provides added value (positive). It is hoped that the government can further develop the milkfish processing industry in Pinrang Regency because it can provide beneficial value for milkfish farmers.

Additional Value of Bandeng Fish Fishing Business in The District Pinrang

Milkfish is no longer just a superior commodity in Pinrang Regency, but it has become an inflation suppressor in South Sulawesi, so that representatives of Bank Indonesia South Sulawesi have made the milkfish commodity a development cluster in Pinrang Regency. This study aims to analyze the added value of various types of milkfish products processed by milkfish processing household industries in Pinrang Regency. The research was conducted in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The location selection was carried out purposively with the consideration that the location is an area where milkfish processing is located. The respondents used were one home industry. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative method of data and information and Hayami method. The results showed the added value produced by the processing of boneless fish products with a small size of Rp. 3,450, - / head, medium size Rp. 6.182, - / head, large size Rp. 15,972, - / fish, shredded fish bone product Rp. 41,991, - / pack and Meatball products Rp. 60,923, - / pack. This shows that the development of the milkfish processing industry provides added value (positive). It is hoped that the government can further develop the milkfish processing industry in Pinrang Regency because it can provide beneficial value for milkfish farmers.