Milk Production In Dairy Cows Research Articles

A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows

The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of first, second and third harvest of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Three change-over design dairy cow feeding experiments were conducted during different years which differed markedly in weather conditions. The silages were supplemented with a cereal based The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of subsequent first, second and third cuts of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Three change-over design dairy cow feeding experiments were conducted during different years which differed markedly in weather conditions. The silages were supplemented with a cereal based concentrate (average concentrate proportion 431 g kg-1 diet dry matter). Feed intake and milk production was highest with first-cut and lowest with third-cut silage. The energy corrected milk yields averaged over three experiments were 35.0, 33.2 and 31.9 kg d-1 for first, second and third harvest silages, respectively. Respective dry matter intakes were 23.1, 21.9 and 20.7 kg d-1. Compared to analysed feed values, the average intake of third-cut silages was lower than expected. Due to the high risk of low intake potential of third-cut silages, they are not recommended for cows in early lactation if there are other silages available.

Diet supplementation with canola meal improves milk production, reduces enteric methane emissions, and shifts nitrogen excretion from urine to feces in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of isonitrogenous substitution of solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) with solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) on enteric CH4 production, ruminal fermentation characteristics (including protozoa), digestion (in situ and apparent total-tract digestibility), N excretion, and milk production of dairy cows. For this purpose, 16 lactating Holstein cows, of which 12 were ruminally cannulated, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square (35-d periods; 14-d adaptation). The cows averaged (mean ± SD) 116 ± 23 d in milk, 692 ± 60 kg of body weight, and 47.5 ± 4.9 kg/d of milk production. The experimental treatments were control diet (no CM; 0%CM) and diets supplemented [dry matter (DM) basis] with 7.9% CM (8%CM), 15.8% CM (16%CM), or 23.7% CM (24%CM) on a DM basis. The forage:concentrate ratio was 52:48 (DM basis) and was similar among the experimental diets. Canola meal was included in the diet at the expense of SBM and soybean hulls, whereas the percentages of the other diet ingredients were the same. Intake of DM increased linearly, whereas apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and gross energy (GE) declined linearly as CM inclusion in the diet increased. Total volatile fatty acids concentration and butyrate molar proportion decreased linearly, whereas molar proportion of propionate increased linearly, and that of acetate was unaffected by CM inclusion in the diet. Ruminal ammonia concentration was not affected by inclusion of CM in the diet. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield increased linearly (up to 2.2 kg/d) with increasing CM percentage in the diet, whereas milk production efficiency averaged 1.63 kg of ECM/kg of DM intake and was unaffected by CM inclusion in the diet. Daily CH4 production decreased linearly with increasing CM percentage in the diet (489, 475, 463, and 461 g/d for 0%CM, 8%CM, 16%CM and 24%CM diets, respectively). As a consequence, CH4 emission intensity (g of CH4/kg of ECM) also declined linearly by up to 10% as the amount of CM increased in the diet. Methane production also decreased linearly when expressed relative to GE intake (5.7, 5.2, 5.1, and 4.9% for 0%CM, 8%CM, 16%CM and 24%CM diet, respectively). Quantity of manure N excretion was not affected by replacing SBM with CM; however, N excretion shifted from urine to feces as dietary percentage of CM increased, suggesting reduced potential for N volatilization. Results from this study show that replacing SBM with CM as a protein source in dairy cow diets reduced enteric CH4 emissions (g/d, % of GE intake, and adjusted for milk production) and increased milk production. The study indicates that CM can successfully, partially or fully, replace SBM in lactating dairy cow diets, with positive effects on animal productivity and the environment (i.e., less enteric CH4 emission and urinary N excreted). We conclude that compared with SBM, inclusion of CM meal in dairy cow diets can play a key role in reducing the environmental footprint of milk production.

Relationship between Temperature-humidity Index and Milk Production of Dairy Cows in Tropical Climate

Background: Dairy cattle in many tropical, subtropical and semi-arid regions are subject to high ambient temperature and relative humidity for extended periods of time. This compromises the ability of the lactating cows to dissipate heat, resulting in heat stress and decreasing milk production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the temperature-humidity index (THI) on milk production in cows in the study area. Methods: Data on monthly milk production (2017 to 2019) was collected from the Department of Animal Production and Health, Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka and the monthly weather data (2017 to 2019) required for the study was collected from the Meteorological Observatory Station in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze interaction between milk production and weather parameters. The monthly THI values were determined for each year.Result: Statistically significant negative relationship (p less than 0.05) was found between milk production and THI in 2017, 2018 and from 2017 to 2019 except 2019 due to the sudden death of cattle in Batticaloa district. Results of all three years indicated that milk production decreases as THI increases. It is concluded that the milk yield of cows is influenced significantly by heat stress during the dry season from April to August between 2017 and 2019, proper management strategies could be helpful to minimize heat stress to attain optimal performance of dairy cows.

Introduction of 16% crude protein concentrate and Ca-FA feed to increase milk production for dairy cows on smallholder farms in Bogor Regency

This study aimed to improve the quality of feed to increase milk production of dairy cows at smallholder farms in Bogor Regency. Treatment for feed quality improvement consisted of G1: 16% crude protein (CP) concentrate + calcium fatty acid (Ca-FA); G2: 16% CP concentrate + without Ca-FA; G3: 12–14% CP concentrate + Ca-FA; G4: 12–14% CP concentrate + without Ca-FA (as a control), respectively. Experimental feeding was carried out for 3 months. The results showed that feeding of 16% protein concentrate and Ca-FA had a significant effect (P<0.05) on milk production vs control (G1 = 13.76 L, G2 = 10.16 L, G3 = 16.29 L vs G4 = 7.67 L), increased consumption of dry matter, protein, fat, and feed energy, respectively. Ca-FA supplementation had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Ca and P consumption only in cows received G3. Feeding of 16% CP concentrate increased protein intake so that the ration protein content increased to G1 = 14.25%; G2 = 13.98% vs G3 = 12.87%; G4 = 12.37%. In the current study can be concluded that diet improvement through the feeding of 16% CP concentrate and Ca-FA increased milk production by the increased consumption of feed nutrients.

Effects of a xylanase-rich enzyme on intake, milk production, and digestibility of dairy cows fed a diet containing a high proportion of bermudagrass silage

We previously reported that milk production in dairy cows was increased by adding a specific xylanase-rich exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (XYL) to a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 10% bermudagrass silage (BMD). Two follow-up experiments were conducted to examine whether adding XYL would increase the performance of dairy cows consuming a TMR containing a higher (20%) proportion of BMD (Experiment 1) and to evaluate the effects of XYL on in vitro fermentation and degradability of the corn silage, BMD, and TMR (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 40 lactating Holstein cows in early lactation (16 multiparous and 24 primiparous; 21 ± 3 d in milk; 589 ± 73 kg of body weight) were blocked by milk yield and parity and randomly assigned to the Control and XYL treatments. The TMR contained 20% BMD, 25% corn silage, 8% wet brewer's grain, and 47% concentrate mixture in the dry matter (DM). Cows were fed the XYL-treated or untreated experimental TMR twice per day for 10 wk after a 9-d covariate period. In Experiment 2, ruminal fluid was collected from 3 cannulated lactating Holstein cows fed a diet containing 20% bermudagrass haylage, 25% corn silage and 55% concentrate. In Experiment 1, compared with Control, application of XYL did not affect DM intake (24.0 vs. 23.7 kg/d), milk yield (35.1 vs. 36.2 kg/d), fat-corrected milk yield (36.1 vs. 36.9 kg/d), or yields of milk fat (1.29 vs. 1.31 kg/d) or protein (1.07 vs. 1.08 kg/d). However, intake of neutral detergent fiber (4.67 vs. 4.41 kg/d) tended to increase with XYL; consequently, milk protein concentration was increased by XYL (3.02 vs. 2.95%). Feed efficiency tended to be lower in cows fed XYL (1.57 vs. 1.52 kg of fat-corrected milk/kg of DM intake) compared with Control. In Experiment 2, XYL tended to increase the rate of gas production in the TMR, the molar proportion of propionate for corn silage, and that of valerate for the TMR. In addition, XYL increased in vitro DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber degradability of BMD and corn silage. Application of XYL to a diet with a relatively high proportion of BMD tended to increase digestible neutral detergent fiber intake, increased milk protein concentration, and in vitro degradability of DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. However, XYL did not affect milk production and tended to decrease feed efficiency in early lactation cows.

117. The effect of a zero-grazed perennial ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and white clover, or multispecies sward on the dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows

117. The effect of a zero-grazed perennial ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and white clover, or multispecies sward on the dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows

Corn silage-based diet supplemented with increasing amounts of linseed oil: Effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and milk production of dairy cows

In this study, we assessed the effects of increasing amounts of linseed oil (LSO) in corn silage-based diets on enteric CH4 production, rumen fermentation characteristics, protozoal population, nutrient digestibility, N utilization, and milk production. For this purpose, 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows (84 ± 28 d in milk; mean ± SD) fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (35-d period). The cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration without supplementation (control) or supplemented [on a dry matter (DM) basis] with LSO at 2% (LSO2), 3% (LSO3) or 4% (LSO4). The forage:concentrate ratio was 61:39 (on DM basis) and was similar among the experimental diets. The forage portion consisted of corn silage (58% diet DM) and timothy hay (3% diet DM). The proportions of soybean meal, corn grain and soybean hulls decreased as the amount of LSO in the diet increased. Daily methane production (g/d) decreased quadratically as the amount of LSO increased in the diet. Increasing LSO dietary supplementation caused a linear decrease in CH4 emissions expressed on either DM intake (DMI) basis (-9, -20, and -28%, for LSO2, LSO3, and LSO4, respectively) or gross energy intake basis (-12, -22, and -31%, for LSO2, LSO3, and LSO4, respectively). At 2 and 3% LSO, the decrease in enteric CH4 emissions occurred without negatively affecting DMI or apparent total-tract digestibility of fiber and without changing protozoa numbers. However, these 2 diets caused a shift in volatile fatty acids pattern toward less acetate and more propionate. The effect of the LSO4 diet on enteric CH4 emissions was associated with a decrease in DMI, fiber apparent-total-tract digestibility, protozoa numbers (total and genera), and an increase in propionate proportion at the expense of acetate and butyrate proportions. Methane emission intensity [g of CH4/kg of energy-corrected milk (ECM)] decreased linearly (up to 28% decrease) with increasing LSO level in the diet. Milk fat yield decreased linearly (up to 19% decrease) with increasing inclusion of LSO in the diet. Milk protein yield increased at 2% or 3% LSO and decreased to the same level as that of the nonsupplemented diet at 4% LSO (quadratic effect). Yield of ECM was unchanged by LSO2 and LSO3 treatments but decreased (-2.8 kg/d) upon supplementation with 4% LSO (quadratic effect). Efficiency of milk production (kg ECM/kg DMI) was unaffected by the 3 levels of LSO. Ruminal NH3 concentration was quadratically affected by LSO supplementation; decreasing only at the highest level of LSO supplementation. The amount (g/d) of N excreted in feces and urine decreased linearly and quadratically, respectively, as the amount of LSO increased in the diet, mainly because of the reduction in N intake. Efficiency of dietary N used for milk N secretion increased linearly with increasing LSO supplementation in the diet. We conclude that supplementing corn silage-based diets with 2 or 3% of LSO can reduce enteric CH4 emissions up by to 20% without impairing animal productivity (i.e., ECM yield and feed efficiency).

Comparative evaluation of the milk composition of dairy cows in the Volgograd region

The article presents the results of determining the indicators of milk productivity of dairy cows in the Volgograd region. The studies processed the data of monthly control milking of five large agricultural enterprises of the region (LLC JV “Donskoe” Kalachevsky district, PZK “Put Lenina” Surovikinsky district, “Vostok” Nikolaevsky district, “PZK named after Lenin” Surovikinsky district, FSUE “Irrigated” Sovetsky district ). A comparative characteristic of the milk yield of the presented breeds of cattle in different periods of the year is given. Physicochemical definitions of milk quality indicators were carried out according to generally accepted methods - fat content (GOST R ISO 2446-2011) and protein (GOST 23327-98). A comparative analysis of the fat and protein content in the milk of dairy cows by periods of the year is presented. To analyze the chemical composition of milk samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a Nexion 300D quadrupole mass spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA) was used. The determination of the chemical composition of milk samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES) was carried out using an Ortima 2000DV atomic emission spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA). The results obtained showed the content of chemical elements in the milk of cows in the summer period within the limits of permissible concentrations, including the content of heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic). Studies carried out with milk samples obtained from animals from all experimental farms have shown that the controlled indicators of milk quality, the content of chemical elements correspond to regulatory documents and raw milk of all farms is recommended for use in the production of all types of fermented milk and dairy products.

S-allyl cysteine ameliorates heat stress-induced oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in BMECs

Heat stress-induced oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) threatens the normal growth and development of bovine mammary tissue, resulting in lower milk production of dairy cows. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effects of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), an organosulfur component extracted from aged garlic, on heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in BMECs and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that heat stress treatment considerably decreased cell viability, whereas SAC treatment dose-dependently restored cell viability of BMECs under heat-stress conditions. In addition, SAC protected BMECs from heat stress-induced oxidative damage by inhibiting the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It also inhibited heat stress-induced apoptosis by reducing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and blocking proteolytic the cleavage of caspase-3 in BMECs. Interestingly, we found that the protective effect of SAC on heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was dependent on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. SAC promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation in heat stress-induced BMECs. The results were also validated by Nrf2 and Keap1 knockdown experiments further demonstrating that Nrf-2 was indeed involved in the protective effect of SAC on heat stress-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. In summary, our results showed that SAC could protect BMECs from heat stress-induced injury by mediating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that SAC could be considered as a therapeutic drug for attenuating heat stress-induced mammary gland diseases.

Risk Analysis Of Dairy Cow Milk Production

Dairy farmers need to know the risk management strategies in dairy cow milk production process to reach the optimal production and preventing decrease. Pangudi Mulyo Animal Husbandry Group is a farmer group that engaged in dairy cows business and makes dairy milk as its main product. This study aimed to identify risks and set priorities for handling and analyzing risk management strategies for dairy cow milk production. This research was conducted in December 2019-January 2020 in Pangudi Mulyo Animal Husbandry Group located in Randusari Hamlet, Nongkosawit Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang. The method used in this study was census method, by taking 33 active members of the Pangudi Mulyo Animal Husbandry Group. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews according to the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using quantitative analysis with the House of Risk (HOR) Phase 1 and Phase 2 methods. The results shows that there were 17 risk events and 17 risk agents in HOR Phase 1 and there were 8 risk agents that needed handling based on the high value of Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP). There are identified 13 risk management strategies obtained from HOR phase 2 in accordance with the Effectiveness of Difficult (ETD) assessment of risk agents that need to be addressed.

Postruminal protein supply upregulates hepatic lysine oxidation and ornithine transcarbamoylase in lactating dairy cattle

Metabolizable protein supply is a limiting factor for milk production in dairy cows, and the availability of AA is a function of the quantity of the metabolizable protein available and of hepatic AA catabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of postruminal protein infusion on key genes for ureagenesis and AA catabolism. Six multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a replicated crossover design. Cows were fed a TMR and infused postruminally with either 0 or 600 g/d of milk protein isolate. Periods were 21 d long, consisting of 14 d of adjustment to surroundings, followed by 7 d of protein infusion. On the last day of each infusion, liver samples were collected for mRNA analysis and explant culture, milk samples were collected for mRNA analysis, and blood samples were collected for plasma metabolite analysis. Postruminal infusion of protein increased milk yield by 10.5%, milk fat yield by 12.5%, milk protein yield by 20%, milk lactose yield by 11%, and total solids yield by 15.5%. Postruminal infusion of protein increased milk urea N by 23.5%, blood urea N by 18.6%, and the abundance of hepatic ornithine transcarbamoylase mRNA by 52.8%. Postruminal infusion of protein did not alter the mRNA abundance of hepatic argininosuccinate synthase, α-aminoadipate semialdehyde synthase, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, or cystathionase. The abundance of RNA for milk proteins was unchanged with postruminal protein infusion. Metabolism of l-[U 14C] Lys to CO2 was increased by 127% (0.143 vs. 0.063 ± 0.04 nmol product·mg tissue-1·h-1), and the metabolism of l-[U 14C] Ala to CO2 increased by 40.5% (0.52 vs. 0.37 ± 0.06 nmol product·mg tissue-1·h-1) with postruminal protein infusion. The rate of l-[1-14C] Met oxidation did not differ. These data indicate increased ureagenesis matched by upregulation of nonessential AA catabolism and a disproportional increase in Lys oxidation in response to increased postruminal protein infusion.

Milk production and composition efficiency as influenced by feeding Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham with Tiliacora triandra, Diels pellet supplementation.

Ruminal fermentation efficiency has been shown to be closely related with milk production in dairy cows. This investigation aimed at the utilization of sweet grass and bamboo grass pellet supplementation on ruminal fermentation, feed utilization efficiency, milk quantity, and quality in lactating dairy cows. Four lactating Holstein Friesian crossbreds were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the effect of roughage sources and bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (BP) supplementation on voluntary feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, fermentation characteristics of the rumen, and milk quantity and quality. Sweet grass (SG) (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham) and rice straw (RS) were fed as roughage sources as the first factor, while the second factor was supplementation levels of BP (0 and 150g/cow/day). The results revealed that SG (P < 0.01) and BP supplementation (P < 0.05) improved feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, especially roughage intake and digestibility of DM and NDF. Ruminal pH (P < 0.05), bacterial (P < 0.01), and fungal population (P < 0.01) were increased with SG feeding, enhancing the concentration of total VFAs (P < 0.01) and propionic acid (P < 0.01), while both SG and BP decreased methane production (P < 0.01). While milk yield (P < 0.01) and milk composition (P < 0.01), especially unsaturated fatty acids including those of conjugated linoleic acid (P < 0.001), were enhanced. Supplementation of BP containing bioactive compounds such as condensed tannins (CT) enhanced rumen bacterial population with increased total VFAs (P < 0.05) and propionic acid (P < 0.05) concentrations, while decreased methane production (P < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that SG would be beneficial to improved rumen fermentation, feed utilization, and milk production of dairy cows, while bamboo grass pellet supplementation tended to additionally improve rumen fermentation and feed intake without negative effects on milk production.

Dry matter intake and milk production of grazing dairy cows supplemented with corn silage or a total mixed ration offered ad libitum in a subtropical area.

This study aimed to evaluate the feeding choice, dry matter (DM) intake, and milk production of dairy cows that strip grazed on a mixed perennial species pasture receiving different supplementation strategies. The treatments were without supplementation (WS) or with supplementation of either corn silage (CS) or a total mixed ration (TMR) based on CS and concentrates, in a subtropical area. The supplements were provided ad libitum after the afternoon milking. Twelve Holstein×Jersey cows in mid-lactation (133±43days in milk) were divided into six groups (two cows/group) and distributed in accordance with a replicated 3×3 Latin square design, with three 21day periods (15 adaptation days and 6 evaluation days). The total DM intake, milk production, milk fat, and milk protein production were greater in the TMR treatment than in the WS and CS treatments and were similar between the WS and CS treatments. The herbage DM intake and proportion of time spent grazing were greater in the CS treatment than in the TMR treatment. CS supplementation did not affect the total DM intake or milk production/cow, whereas TMR supplementation greatly improved the total DM intake and milk production of the dairy cows grazing on mixed perennial species.

Evaluation of Herbal Choline and Methionine Supplementation on a Milk Production in Dairy Cows

Evaluation of Herbal Choline and Methionine Supplementation on a Milk Production in Dairy Cows

Feed Additives in Enhancing Milk Production. A Review

Soil acidity Feed components are merchandise utilized in animal nutrients to enhance the nice of feed and the pleasant of meals from animal origin, or to improve the animals’ overall performance and In Ethiopia, dairy manufacturing relies upon especially on indigenous livestock genetic sources; extra particularly on cattle, goats, camels, and sheep. Therefore, the results of somatotropin at the performance of lactating animals were the problem of a hobby for over 50 years. It becomes, to begin with, confirmed that injections of crude pituitary extract improved milk production in dairy cows. On the opposite hand, four factors may be considered to decide if a feed additive needs to be used: Anticipated reaction, financial go back, available research, and Field responses. But manufacturers are endorsed to significantly evaluate the fee-to-benefit ratio of each feed additive in their management structures. In normally feed additives fall into much different paperwork and can be useful in decreasing consequences of ruminal acidosis, enhancing feed efficiency, a charge of advantage, heat suppression and bloat manage to call a completely few. When nicely utilized in properly-managed surroundings, a lot of these components can improve performance and profitability extensively. This assessment discussed several feed additives used for boosting milk production.

Nrf2-ARE Signaling Partially Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mammary Lesions via Regulation of Oxidative and Organelle Stresses but Not Inflammatory Response in Mice.

The incidence of mastitis is high during the postpartum stage, which causes severe pain and hinders breast feeding in humans and reduces milk production in dairy cows. Studies suggested that inflammation in multiple organs is associated with oxidative stress and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element pathway is one of the most important antioxidant pathways, but the effects of Nrf2 on antioxidation in the mammary gland during mastitis are still unclear. In this study, intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was carried out in wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout mice. Results showed that the expression of Nrf2 affected the expression of milk protein genes (Csn2 and Csn3). Importantly, LPS treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and the content of glutathione in the mammary gland of WT mice, but not in Nrf2(-/-) mice. The expression levels of glutathione synthesis genes (GCLC, GCLM, and xCT) were lower in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Moreover, mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly relieved in WT mice compared with that in Nrf2(-/-) mice. In summary, the expression of Nrf2 may play an important role in prevention of oxidative and organelle stresses during endotoxin-induced mastitis in mouse mammary gland.

Influence of fibrolytic enzymes in total mixed ration containing urea-molasses-treated sugarcane bagasse on the performance of lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of fibrolytic enzyme on nutrient utilization and milk production in dairy cows. Four multiparous early-to-mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows were randomly allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were fed a balanced total mixed ration (TMR) on a dry matter (DM) basis containing 0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6g/kg DM of fibrolytic enzyme in TMR, where the TMR comprises 60% concentrate supplemented with a fibrolytic enzyme at 0, 2, 4, and 6g/kg DM of concentrate, and 40% urea-molasses-treated sugarcane bagasse (UMSB) was used as a roughage source. Fibrolytic enzyme supplementation in TMR containing UMSB did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy cows (p > 0.05). There was a quadratic effect of fibrolytic enzyme levels on the digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p < 0.05), and the maximal response was reached at 1.2-2.4g/kg DM of fibrolytic enzyme added in the TMR. Furthermore, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, milk fat, total volatile fatty acids, and propionic acid were greater in a cow fed with 1.2-2.4g/kg DM of fibrolytic enzyme, resulting in a lower ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding a fibrolytic enzyme in TMR containing UMSB improved nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, and milk production of lactating dairy cows.

Effect of season and temperature before and after calving on the future milk production of born heifers

Effect of season and temperature before and after calving on the future milk production of born heifers

Effect of Milking Time Intervals on Production and Quality of Friesian Holstein

Milking is the act of removing milk from the udder on purpose to get maximum milk production. A reasonable milking interval will affect the amount of milk production. This research aims to know the extent of the milking time interval affecting Friesian Holstein dairy cow milk production and the interval of milking time that produces the best production and quality of Friesian Holstein. The research method was an experiment using a completely rand randomized with four treatments, namely: treatments 1 was 16:8 hours time delivery interval (TDI) dairy cow; treatments 2: time delivery interval (TDI) 15:9 hours; treatment 3: delivery time interval (TDI) 14:10 hours; treatment 4: time delivery interval (TDI) 13:11 hours. The observed variables are milk production and milk quality. The data were analyzed using verbal if any effect of treatment was done Duncan's distance test. Based on the results and discussion, the milking time interval significantly impacts milk production and water content. Still, it has no significant effect on the density, protein content, and milk fat content, 13:11 hours milking interval time produces the most milk and water content.

Influence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cowsInfluence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cow

The data obtained as a result of the use of a mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows are analyzed in the article. Authors studied the influence of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z on the biochemical parameters and milk productivity of dairy cows. The experiments were carried out on dairy cows of the red steppe breed in the conditions of the plain zone of the Republic of Dagestan. Two groups of dairy cows were formed (10 heads in each). According to the scheme of the experiment, the control group received a basic diet, the experimental group received the basic diet and the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z. Each cow of the experimental group was given individually one lick briquette in a dose of 4 kg during 90 days. Researches and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Blood was taken from the experimental animals from the jugular vein for laboratory studies at the end of the experiment. The milk productivity and fat content of milk were taken into account by carrying out monthly control milk yields. At the same time, the positive effect of a lick briquette on the biochemical parameters of blood has been proven: reserve alkalinity, glucose, macro- and microelements, the activity of the copper-containing enzyme ceruloplasmin and milk productivity. A significant increase in the blood of glucose concentration by 12.93% in the cows of the experimental group, the level of reserve alkalinity by 17.66%, the concentration of macroelements and microelements, milk productivity by 5.7%, milk fat by 2.77% compared with the control group. The use of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows helps to prevent macro- and microelementoses, increase milk productivity, milk fat content, nonspecific immunity and obtain of healthy calves.