Milk Allergy In Infants Research Articles

Manifestations of milk allergy in infancy: Clinical and immunologic findings

In a study of the manifestations of cow milk allergy in 100 young children (mean age 16 months), 30 items of historical data and information relating to the effects of a standardized milk challenge were entered into a computer data base. Three clusters of patients were derived using a K-means algorithm. In group 1 were 27 patients with predominantly urticarial and angioedematous eruptions, which developed within 45 minutes of ingesting cow milk. They had positive skin test reactions to milk and elevated total and milk specific IgE serum antibody levels. In group 2, 53 patients had pallor, vomiting, or diarrhea between 45 minutes and 20 hours after milk ingestion. These children were relatively IgA deficient. The 20 patients in group 3 had eczematous or bronchitic or diarrheal symptoms; in 17 symptoms developed more than 20 hours after commencing milk ingestion. Of the patients in group 3, only those with eczema had a positive skin test reaction and elevated IgE antibodies to milk. The patients in group 3 were the most difficult to identify clinically; they had a history of chronic ill health, and symptoms developed many hours or days after commencing milk ingestion in the challenge situation. In view of the heterogeneous clinical and immunologic findings in our patients, it is unlikely that a single laboratory test will identify cow milk allergy in all susceptible patients.

Insomnia and Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants

In Reply.— Dr Lecks reminds us that the entity called "infantile colic" is frequently encountered in infants younger than 3 months of age. It is characterized by signs of paroxysmal abdominal pain, severe crying, a flushed face, and a tense abdomen. The painful episodes occur mainly during the late afternoon or early evening hours. The paroxysmal pain can last several hours and appears to be relieved with the passage of feces or when the child falls asleep, usually exhausted.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cow's milk protein-specific IgE using biotinylated antigen: Avoidance of interference by specific IgG

Detection of specific IgE by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) which uses labelled antibody can be hampered by the presence of antibodies other than IgE but with the same specificity and may limit usefulness of the RAST for diagnosis of IgE-mediated milk allergy in infancy when high titres of cow's milk protein-specific IgG antibodies are known to be present. This can be avoided by using a system employing labelled antigen, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) described here, where IgE in the test serum is immunoadsorbed to anti-human IgE coated to microtitre plates. Biotinylated antigen, in this case cow's milk proteins, binds to specific IgE and the reaction is revealed colorimetrically by adding horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-avidin conjugate.

Allergy to cow milk--1985.

Cow milk became the most popular nutrient for infant feeding in much of the world near the beginning of the 20th century. It remains so today, especially in industrialized countries, but this widespread dependence on cow milk is not without problems. Physicians who care for infants and children know that intolerance to cow milk is not uncommon. Cow milk allergy can be defined as an adverse immunologic reaction to cow milk protein, seen only rarely in those who ingest ordinary amounts of milk. The term is often mistakenly applied to other causes of milk intolerance, such as lactase deficiency and galactosemia, which must be differentiated and excluded.Reports of the incidence of cow milk allergy in infancy have ranged from 1.9% to 7.5%. The incidence is lower in older children and adults, but precise data are not available for these ages either. The reported incidences vary with the manner of selection of patients and with differing diagnostic criteria. Moreover, there are few reliable laboratory tests available to the clinician who wishes to confirm the diagnosis. Many instances of intolerance to cow milk are mild or transient, and after milk is eliminated from the diet for a few months or years, the symptoms disappear. Only a small percentage (probably 0.1% to 1%) of the population has severe or lifelong cow milk allergy.

Allergy to Cow Milk-1985

Cow milk became the most popular nutrient for infant feeding in much of the world near the beginning of the 20th century. It remains so today, especially in industrialized countries, but this widespread dependence on cow milk is not without problems. Physicians who care for infants and children know that intolerance to cow milk is not uncommon. Cow milk allergy can be defined as an adverse immunologic reaction to cow milk protein, seen only rarely in those who ingest ordinary amounts of milk. The term is often mistakenly applied to other causes of milk intolerance, such as lactase deficiency and galactosemia, which must be differentiated and excluded. Reports of the incidence of cow milk allergy in infancy have ranged from 1.9% to 7.5%. The incidence is lower in older children and adults, but precise data are not available for these ages either. The reported incidences vary with the manner of selection of patients and with differing diagnostic criteria. Moreover, there are few reliable laboratory tests available to the clinician who wishes to confirm the diagnosis. Many instances of intolerance to cow milk are mild or transient, and after milk is eliminated from the diet for a few months or years, the symptoms disappear. Only a small percentage (probably 0.1% to 1%) of the population has severe or lifelong cow milk allergy.

Insomnia and Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants

A group of eight infants (six boys and two girls, 7 to 46 weeks of age) is reported, in whom a causal relationship between cow's milk allergy and chronic sleeplessness was suspected. They were referred because of waking and crying episodes that had occurred since the early days of life during sleep hours. During an average night, they slept about 4.5 hours and woke their parents about five times. They cried a lot during the day and were described as fussy. Two infants had been treated with phenothiazine without improvement. No cause for chronic insomnia was found during a standard medical and psychologic workup. An all-night polygraphic recording confirmed the disrupted sleep pattern of these infants, as compared with that of normal infants, and excluded further causes of arousals. Due to a clinical suspicion of atopy, the infants were further subjected to a series of allergy tests. IgE levels were shown to be elevated in each child, and radioallergosorbent tests were positive for cow's milk protein. The infants were than fed exclusively with a hydrolyzed milk protein mixture for 4 weeks. Sleep normalized within 2 weeks in every infant: night sleep increased to a median of 10 hours, and the awakenings only occurred occasionally. In four infants less than 6 months of age, cow's milk was reintroduced in the diet, and within 1 week all four became severely sleepless. Cow's milk was again excluded from the diet and the babies' sleep behaviors were again normalized. It is concluded that, when no evident cause for sleeplessness can be found in an infant, the possibility of milk allergy should be given serious consideration.

Milk allergy in infants and young children. Current knowledge.

Milk allergy can be overcome easily if one develops a high index of suspicion which leads to early diagnosis. Avail able treatments make the outcome uniformly successful.

British Food Journal Volume 65 Issue 5 1963

Milk, the universally perfect food, its compositional quality and bacteriological purity causing few qualms nowadays in this country and outbreaks of milk‐borne disease relatively rare, it may come as a surprise that there is another aspect of milk consumption causing discussion and not a little controversy in medical circles. There is an increasing awareness of milk allergy in infancy and in certain adult disorders, evidenced less by serological tests than by the relief afforded by milk‐free diets and the return of symptoms on the re‐institution of a milk diet. Skin tests also are not particularly reliable but the serological tests have at least demonstrated anti‐bodies to milk proteins in most artificially fed babies after the age of seven weeks (Gunther, M. et al, 1960).

Milk Allergy in Infancy

Milk Allergy in Infancy

Milk Allergy in Infancy

Cat dandruff extract was characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using sera from 27 cat-sensitive individuals. By applying a CIE/CRIE system with intermediate gel, the content of dander-specific and serum-specific allergens was established. Thirteen serum-related and eight dander-related antigens were identified in cat dandruff. Of these, eight antigens were visibly radiostained in CRIE. Five allergens were serum-specific and of these allergens cat albumin was the most important (intermediate allergen). Three allergens were dander-specific and of these three only cat allergen I fulfilled the criteria for a major allergen.

Cow's milk allergy in infants and children.

Cow's milk allergy in infants and children.

Cow's milk allergy in infancy.

Cow's milk allergy in infancy.

Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants and Children

Children's Clinic, Seattle, WA, USA Int Arch Allergy 1958; 13: 245–56Reviewed by Damien Downing MBBS