Military Tasks Research Articles

An Intelligent Knowledge Treasure for Military Decision Support

Information integration is great for military operations because the range of pertinent information sources is significantly distinct and dynamic. This article develops an intelligent knowledge treasure comprised of military resource ontology and procedures, as a learning model for better interoperability of heterogeneous resources of the Indian military. This model can interpret and learn the context of military information automatically, thereby facilitating the military commanders with decision making in several operations, such as command and control, teaching and training, military coalition, situation awareness and many more. To design the military resource ontology, this article specifies the core concepts of the ontology based on terms derived from heterogeneous resources. WWW standard ontology language, OWL has been used to codify the ontology. This article develops an intelligent tool—“QueryOnto”—as an interface to the military resource ontology that provides a commander decision support service and demonstrates how to apply the military ontology in practice. The developed ontology has been verified and validated with the best known approaches and metrics available. The presented model is helpful for military commanders to train their juniors in a systematic way and will provide an efficient web-based learning of different military tasks in future.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY IN A HYBRID WAR: THE DIRECTION OF TRANSFORMATION

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY IN A HYBRID WAR: THE DIRECTION OF TRANSFORMATION

DEVELOPMENT OF UAV SOS FLIGHT COMBAT RECONNAISSANCE MISSION PROGRAM

System of systems (SoS) conception for dynamic objects group have been become a very important direction in various areas on science and industry, including military. SoS is consisted of components which solve one task and on the whole jointing own properties and possibilities these components creat the complex system with new qualities. SoS is such system which during various operations combines and joints itself a synergetics of comands, control functions, network and feedback information change. In given paper, development of the combat task program of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles System of Systems offered version has been presented. Usually, the land control center manage UAVs by using of radio wireless. But it has shortcomings: 1) a radio wireless can be destroy, and in the best case UAV does not emplement task and self returns base; 2) an enemy taps the radio wireless and carry out UAVs control. The creation of SoS on the basis of UAVs eliminates these flaws. In accordance with written in memory software program, UAVs SoS is self-controlled by infra-red (IR) wireless using “feedback” principle and it implement combat task independently. If some of UAVs loss IR-wireless then it (or they) return land control center independently. If some of UAVs is destroyed under enemy fire then other UAVs continue to implement a combat task. The Hamilton equations of motion of the given system has been obtained. The IR wireless between UAVs, radio wireless between UAVs and land control post, and UAVs flight control conditions have been offered. It is shown that Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System-of-System complex can implement in various military reconnaissance tasks.

Explaining Performance on Military Tasks in the Canadian Armed Forces: The Importance of Morphological and Physical Fitness Characteristics: Erratum.

Explaining Performance on Military Tasks in the Canadian Armed Forces: The Importance of Morphological and Physical Fitness Characteristics: Erratum.

The effects of exercise and ambient temperature on dietary intake, appetite sensation, and appetite regulating hormone concentrations

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the frequently reported phenomenon of exercise-induced anorexia is exacerbated or blunted in warm or cold environments. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of exercise in three different environmental temperatures vs. rest, on perceptions of appetite, appetite regulating hormones, and food intake.MethodsIn a randomized repeated-measures design, 18 Canadian Armed Forces members (14 male, 4 female) completed four 8-h trials in a thermally-controlled chamber: one 8-h resting trial at 21 °C (Sedentary); and three trials where participants completed two 2-h circuits of standardized military tasks interspersed with two 2-h rest periods, once at 30 °C (Hot), once at 21 °C (Temperate), and once at − 10 °C (Cold). Participants consumed military field rations ad libitum and had their appetite assessed with visual analogue scales. Plasma concentrations of GLP-1, PYY, acylated ghrelin, and leptin were also determined.ResultsAppetite was perceived as being suppressed in the heat compared to the cold (p < 0.05). While neither exercise nor environmental temperature altered circulating GLP-1 levels, exercise in all environments increased blood concentrations of PYY (p < 0.05). Leptin concentrations were elevated in the heat and diminished in the cold (p < 0.05), and acylated ghrelin concentrations were affected by both exercise and ambient temperature resulting in Sedentary = Cold>Temperate = Hot (p < 0.05). Contrary to the changes in appetite perceptions and hormonal concentrations, dietary intake was not different between conditions (p > 0.05). Relative energy intake (total 24 h energy intake minus 24 h energy expenditure) on the other hand, was significantly higher during the Sedentary condition than it was during any of the active conditions (p < 0.05). Most (83%) of the participants were in a positive energy balance during the Sedentary condition, whereas during most (80%) of the active conditions (Hot, Temperate, Cold) participants were in a negative energy balance.ConclusionsIn this study where food was freely available, variations in ambient temperature, exercise vs. rest, appetite-regulating hormone concentrations, and subjective appetite sensation were not associated with any changes in dietary intake within 24-h of acute, prolonged exercise.

The Impact of Environmental Stress on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review.

In this review, we detail the impact of environmental stress on cognitive and military task performance and highlight any individual characteristics or interventions which may mitigate any negative effect. Military personnel are often deployed in regions markedly different from their own, experiencing hot days, cold nights, and trips both above and below sea level. In spite of these stressors, high-level cognitive and operational performance must be maintained. A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Scopus), PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted from inception up to September 2018. Eligibility criteria included a healthy human cohort, an outcome of cognition or military task performance and assessment of an environmental condition. The search returned 113,850 records, of which 124 were included in the systematic review. Thirty-one studies examined the impact of heat stress on cognition; 20 of cold stress; 59 of altitude exposure; and 18 of being below sea level. The severity and duration of exposure to the environmental stressor affects the degree to which cognitive performance can be impaired, as does the complexity of the cognitive task and the skill or familiarity of the individual performing the task. Strategies to improve cognitive performance in extreme environmental conditions should focus on reducing the magnitude of the physiological and perceptual disturbance caused by the stressor. Strategies may include acclimatization and habituation, being well skilled on the task, and reducing sensations of thermal stress with approaches such as head and neck cooling.

Design and implementation of DRFCN in-depth network for military target identification

Automatic target recognition (ATR) technology has always been the key and difficult point in the military field. This paper designs and implements a new DRFCN in-depth network for military target identification. Firstly, the part of DRPN is densely connected by the convolution module to reuse the features of each layer in the deep network model to extract the high quality goals of sampling area; Secondly, in the DFCN part, we fuse the information of the semantic features of the high and low level feature maps to realize the prediction of target area and location information in the sampling area; Finally, the deep network model structure and the parameter training method of DRFCN are given. Further, we conduct experimental analysis and discussion on the DRFCN algorithm: 1) Based on the PASCAL VOC dataset for comparison experiments, the results show that DRFCN algorithm is obviously superior to the existing algorithm in terms of average accuracy, real-time and model size because of the convolution module dense connection method. At the same time, it is verified that the DRFCN algorithm can effectively solve the problem of gradient dispersion and gradient expansion. 2) Using the self-built military target dataset for experiments, the results show that the DRFCN algorithm implements the military target recognition task in terms of accuracy and real-time.

Przebudowa systemu generacji sił do misji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Próba utrzymania zdolności do realizacji mandatów

UN Peacekeeping Operation as a tool of United Nations still play a vital role on restoring peace and security in the World. Due to the current conflicts, the role and scope of UN peacekeeping missions mandated tasks have changed significantly. Nowadays, they are not only an instrument of keeping the peace between states after conflict but also responsible for building the state structures, reform security system or promotion of human rights. For the execution of present mandates, often beyond the military tasks, the generated forces must be capable to implement them. The lesson learned from the recent years has shown that United Nations peace operations have not been adopted fully to the current conditions. The force generation system was based on assumptions from the past and did not meet the existing expectations. Thus, the UN was obliged to create a new system that would face up to contemporary peacekeeping. This article presents challenges for UN peacekeeping and describes the activities of the UN Secretariat aimed at improving the process of generation of forces for peacekeeping missions in order to implement modern missions’ mandates.

Роль і місце Національної гвардії України у структурі сектору національної безпеки і оборони України

The article analyzes the role and place of the National Guard of Ukraine in providing defence and security of the state and provides information on the uniqueness of such a military forma­tion capable in the shortest time in any region of the state to fulfill both military and law enforcement tasks. A comparison is made between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine.

Psychophysiological response to the use of nuclear, biological and chemical equipment with military tasks

The current military training requires the development and optimization of different strategies to improve performance in extreme conditions as well as the possible risk of suffering attacks with chemical and/ or radioactive substances. It turns out mandatory to research the psychophysiological response of soldiers and sanitary personnel when wearing the nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) equipment. A longitudinal prospective experimental quantitative study has been developed, using a pre-treatment and post-treatment design. A total of 20 soldiers (33.3 ± 5.4 years), belonging to the Spanish Armed Forces have been analyzed, divided into two groups, when carrying out different training activities designed to that effect. The following variables were analyzed right before and after accomplishing the different tasks: heart rate, heart variability, thermoregulation, blood glucose, explosive strength, perceived effort and motion performance in a munitioning task. The results showed a significant increase (p < 05) in heart rate, blood glucose, perceived effort and the time required when developing the triage tasks and when putting a tourniquet on other person in the group wearing NBC equipment compared to the other group, as well as a longer time required in a munitioning task. These results highlight the importance of training and preparing the sanitary and military personnel in the use of NBC equipment.

Understanding Anthropometric Characteristics Associated With Performance in Manual Lifting Tasks.

Beck, B, Middleton, KJ, Billing, DC, Caldwell, JN, and Carstairs, GL. Understanding anthropometric characteristics associated with performance in manual lifting tasks. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 755-761, 2019-Manual lifting is an essential military job task and is commonly linked to occupational injury. Methods to reduce injury risk focus on ensuring that employees have the requisite physical capacity to safely conduct critical job tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate which anthropometric characteristics are associated with lifting performance to inform targeted training programs for job-critical lifting tasks. Sixty-three (42 men and 21 women) participants conducted 3 maximal lifts to a platform (pack lift to 1.5 m, box lift to 1.3 m and box lift to 1.5 m). A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan was used to quantify anthropometric characteristics (body region-specific lean mass and fat mass). Although anthropometric measures were strongly associated with each other, multivariable linear regression revealed that a significant proportion of the total variation in lifting performance in each of the 3 tasks was explained by upper-arm lean mass (pack lift: β = 5.42, p < 0.001; box lift 1.3 m: β = 5.64, p < 0.001; box lift 1.5 m: β = 7.00, p < 0.001). Leg lean mass also significantly contributed to the variation of pack lift performance (β = 0.93, p = 0.01). When controlling for key anthropometric characteristics in these 3 tasks, separate analyses showed no significant effect of sex or stature on lift performance. These results suggest that the perceived limitations of stature and sex may be overcome by targeted training programs to improve specific physical characteristics associated with lifting performance.

군 조직 업무 분석기법에 관한 연구

군 조직 업무 분석기법에 관한 연구

The History and Use of Electromagnetic Weapons

This thesis is about the origin and development of electromagnetic weapons used in policing and military tasks as a non-lethal tool. The electromagnetic weapon was taken into consideration as a military or police means of antipersonnel engagement in the late 1970s. In the 1980s the USA conducted some defense programs towards development of lethal high energy laser weapons, to shoot down ballistic missiles and high-power microwave weapons designed to destroy electronic equipment. This technology was adapted by US Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) to construct new or adapted non-lethal delivery systems, which could be used in military operations. Until late 1990s several types of electromagnetic weapons were created and taken into account for practical use. The most important were: Active Denial System and electromagnetic pulse generators devices, for example E-bomb, which was probably used against Iraq in 2003 war.

Strategic Narratives and US Surrogate Warfare

The way US rationales for delegating military tasks to proxy forces are communicated and perceived contributes to strategic outcomes.

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The presented method provides the possibility of quantitative assessments and forecasts, current and expected capabilities and efficiency of solving tasks by NGU military units in regions of responsibility in accordance with the type of military units, conditions and NGU tasks in peacetime, and also allows you to perform the marked assessments in a special period in the interests of justification of decisions making.The National Guard of Ukraine (NGU) is a military formation with law enforcement functions. In peacetime, NGU performs two groups of basic functions: - protection of public order, nuclear installations of nuclear power plants and other important state facilities and cargo, diplomatic and other representative offices of foreign states in Ukraine;- participation in events and operations - for the protection of the state border, the destruction of illegal armed criminals and groups, the restoration of law and order, the elimination of consequences of emergency situations, as well as participation in international peacekeeping operations.In a special period, the third group of functions is added to the listed functions — the conduct of military (combat) actions and territorial defense in cooperation with the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The entire range of functions in the NGU structure is entrusted to linear military units of five types: 1) the protection of important state objects, special cargo; 2) protection of diplomatic missions, consular offices of foreign states, representative offices of international organizations in Ukraine; 3) protection of public order; 4) operational appointment; 5) special purpose subunits (detachments).The number of personnel appointed to solve tasks within each function is determined by policy documents,Preliminary estimation of the effectiveness and reliability of the expected results of the tasks, as a rule, are not carried out due to the lack of the necessary indicators, criteria, models and methods for calculating them. The presented in the article method of mathematical modeling and evaluation the efficiency and ability to perform the service and combat tasks by subunits, units and formations of National guard of Ukraine, provides the possibility of quantitative assessment and forecasts, current and expected capabilities and efficiency of solving tasks by NGU military units in regions of responsibility in accordance with the type of military units, conditions and NGU tasks in peacetime, and also allows you to perform the marked assessments in a special period in the interests of justification of decisions making.

Demographic Statistics among Pashtuns in Early Modern Period

The article explores rare specimens of demographic statistics extracted from the seventeenth century works in Pashto and Persian which were composed in the Pashtun tribal territories. The study’s major source is the collection of historical accounts and genealogical records written by the Khaṫak tribal rulers Khushḥāl Khān (d. 1689) and his grandson Afzal Khān (d. circa 1740/41). These writings have survived in “The Khaṫaks’ Chronicle” — the archive of the Khaṫak chieftains included by Afzal Khān as a supplement into his historiographical compilation “The Ornamented History” (Tārīkh-i muraṣṣaʿ). Other sources are the poetical works of Khushḥāl Khān and the book in Persian by the theologian Akhūnd Darweza (d. 1618/19 or 1638/39) “An Account of Pious and Wicked” (Taẕkirat al-abrār wa-l-ashrār) which contains a report on the census conducted in the Yūsufzay tribe in the second quarter of the sixteenth century. The researched material includes data on the number of people in particular tribal units, birth dynamics, infant mortality and external negative factors, such as epidemics and natural disasters, that continuously affected demographic situation. The extant sources also shed light on family and matrimonial relations among Pashtuns in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The facts examined in the article indicate that Pashtun tribal rulers were well familiar with the basics of practical demography which they needed to monitor the number of tribesmen while accomplishing specific administrative, military and economic tasks. The demographic notes left by the Khaṫak chieftains are to be considered among the most unique documents on the history and the culture of Pashtun tribes in early modern times.

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The process of building of the security and defense sector of Ukraine is accompanied by an integrated approach to strengthening the combat capability of military formations. The forms and methods of combat operations are changing, combat technology is becoming more and more complex, but a person remains the decisive part in performing military-combat tasks. At the same time, the critical importance in neutralizing and mitigating the impact of military threats on Ukraine's national security continues to depend on the high morale and psychological of military personnel and the psychological readiness of the personnel of the security and defense sector of Ukraine to fulfill the tasks and their resilience to combat stress. For the successful accomplishment of the tasks, the forces of the security and defense sector of Ukraine should have a significant combat capability which includes the following main components: personnel, weapons, equipment, material resources. One of the most important is the servicemen, because only their successful activity ensures the reliable operation and use of weapons and military equipment. For qualitative performance of the set military and combat tasks, servicemen must have a set of necessary professional qualities, which in aggregate constitute a and psychological state. An analysis of modern legal and regulatory documents showed that there are different approaches to the content and structure of the concept of moral and psychological state of personnel and the difference in its evaluation and formation. The and psychological of a serviceman is the current of the human person's psyche, which is caused by the influence of the internal (professional qualities and individual psychological features of the person) and external (social, political, material and technical and natural) factors, which reflects his readiness to perform the service -battle tasks in the usual and extreme conditions, the components of which are the military-professional and psychological potentials of the serviceman. In our days, practical approaches to assessing the and psychological as the most important component of the military potential of military formations are based on the use of appropriate methods, which are set out in the legal and regulatory documents of the forces of the security and defense sector of Ukraine.

СПОСІБ ВЕДЕННЯ ТЕХНІЧНОЇ РОЗВІДКИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ

The organization of technical intelligence, as a component of the technical support for the performance of military and combat tasks by units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine, does not fully meet the requirements of the present. In the course of conducting technical intelligence the object mode of intelligence organization is used. Ground intelligence agencies operating autonomously are used for conducting technical intelligence. The above-mentioned approach does not allow fully covering all the necessary objects and requires periodic redistribution of the already involved forces and means for solving suddenly emerging problems. The article discusses and introduces the implementation of a systematic way of conducting technical intelligence using unmanned aerial vehicles. The performed mathematical modeling of this method allows using quantitative indicators to substantiate the advantages of the systemic method of conducting technical intelligence in comparison with the object one. The use of a systematic method of conducting technical intelligence using unmanned aerial vehicles will increase the efficiency, the number of detection objects and the reliability of the necessary intelligence data. The implementation of a systematic way of conducting technical intelligence will enhance the autonomy of the use of technical intelligence units, the full coverage of the area of performance of military service in depth, the reduction of the time cycle of technical intelligence management and, most importantly, the achievement of a high degree of efficiency in providing information in a single system of intelligence of units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine.

МЕТОДИКА ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ТА МОДЕЛЬ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО КОМАНДУВАННЯ ДЛЯ УМОВ НАДЗВИЧАЙНОГО СТАНУ

The process of making managerial decisions under conditions of the state of emergency becomes severely limited in time and requires the management bodies to continuously receive and process a large amount of information. Therefore, the determination of the rational composition and functional structure of the control system of the military command in emergency situations and recommendations for its use to increase the effectiveness of the forces still remain relevant. For this purpose, a methodology has been developed that makes it possible to justify and choose the structure of the control system of the military command in the context of a state of emergency.The methodology is based on the well-known method of searching for rational relationships between elements of a control system. This methodology, based on the determination of the functions of the military command, the composition and tasks of the information-control system of the group that is being created, the expected load on the control system while ensuring the actions of law enforcement forces in emergency situations, allows obtaining a mathematical description of the functional structure of this system. The indicators of the control system are considered the operational readiness of the system, efficiency, soundness of decisions, adaptability to the conditions of the situation, continuity, stability and stealth of management.The content of the developed methodology provides:determining the functions, tasks of NSU forces under the conditions of emergency, composition, content and list of functions;clarification of the content of management information;search for rational connections between the elements of the control system;modeling of functioning of control system;control system evaluation.The developed mathematical model of the structure of the control system of the military command to perform tasks in the state of emergency allows you to automate the process of formation of the control system of the military command and provide requirements for its capabilities and effectiveness.

ОСНОВИ ВІЙСЬКОВО СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ ТА АРМІЯХ ПРОВІДНИХ КРАЇН СВІТУ

The article discusses the content of the military-social work of the Ukraine Armed Forces as a moral and psychological support component. The functions, tasks and content of military-social work are revealed. The understanding of the military-social work content has been supplemented and expanded. A comparative analysis of the social workers and volunteer activities in the Ukraine Armed Forces and the foreign countries armies was carried out.The specialization of the social worker was marked as a complex of social-legal, economic and vigorous calls, conducted by the state, government bodies, commanders and headquarters of all regions, and all of them, member of the group of services. The military social work main tasks are highlighted: protection of social norms and guarantees of military personnel in accordance with existing legislation; implementation of measures to reduce the social tension of military collectives; research of social processes in military collectives; creation of prerequisites for the formation and maintenance of high combat activity of personnel; adaptation of military personnel to changing conditions, work with families of military personnel. The fact that in the Armed Forces of Ukraine military-social work is primarily informational, advisory in nature, rather than the practical implementation of measures to ensure the social protection of the state's military personnel, has been ascertained.