Military Reserve Research Articles

PTSD Among Body Handlers: The Role of Task-Related Characteristics, Coping, and Well-Being

In this study, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined among 161 Israeli military reservists who were recruited to gather and identify the bodies and body parts of civilians and soldiers killed in the October 7th, 2023 Hamas terror attack on Israel. The aims were to examine PTSD levels as well as the associations between demographic variables, task-related characteristics, coping strategies, well-being, and odds of being diagnosed with PTSD. Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), 20% of the participants were found to have PTSD. Logistic regression indicated that a one-point increase in emotion-focused coping via distancing increased the odds of a PTSD diagnosis by 3.76 times; a one-point increase in perceived task difficulty increased the odds by 1.81; and a one-point decrease in well-being increased the odds by 1.06. A significant interaction showed that problem-focused coping was associated with a higher risk of PTSD among younger participants but a lower risk among older ones. Additionally, well-being served as a protective factor for those who perceived the task as mentally difficult. The study points to the high traumatic potential of handling bodies. It also indicates that the use of distancing oneself from one’s emotions is highly non-adaptive.

A Study on the Foreign Female Military Reserve System and Its Implications for Korea

A Study on the Foreign Female Military Reserve System and Its Implications for Korea

Establishing Effective Reserve Components: Lessons Learned from Russia

This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to explore lessons that can be drawn from Russia's experience in building an effective military reserve component. The article discusses the importance of establishing a robust and effective reserve force in Indonesia, drawing lessons from Russia's experiences and strategies employed by other nations. It emphasizes the need for a well-structured organization, clear command structures, efficient hierarchies, and regular training programs. The integration of technology and information systems, as well as the provision of welfare and incentives, is also highlighted as essential components for enhancing the effectiveness and readiness of Indonesia's reserve forces. The document also emphasizes the necessity of clear regulations and policies to provide a strong legal framework, ensuring the operational effectiveness and integrity of Indonesia's reserve forces. Additionally, it underscores the importance of integrating reserve components with regular forces through joint exercises, standardized doctrines, and operational procedures. The document concludes by emphasizing the opportunity for Indonesia to design a resilient reserve force by learning from Russia's challenges and strategies employed by other nations, ensuring the creation of a large, effective, well-trained, and deployable reserve force to balance and strengthen the overall national defense system.

Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and severity of disease in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19: a cross sectional study

IntroductionProper nutrition can play an important role in preventing and improving disease progression in patients with COVID-19. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) is one of the most common measures used...

Empire after Empire: Military Legacy and the Creation of Nation States

This article considers the transfer of the military imperial heritage into new hands after 1917, which was especially in demand since this transition took place in an environment of aggravated political, ethnic, and religious conflicts. The most important role in this process was played by the bearers of army practices – soldiers, officers, and generals of various nationalities. A long war was accompanied by a separation of command personnel: military leaders who had not proved their professional worth gave up leadership positions to those who had proved themselves better in leading troops. Breaking the established hierarchical patterns, the turbulence of the revolutionary era allowed many ambitious and talented military leaders to occupy high positions, which was impossible in normal circumstances. The high administrative burden that lay on the generals and officers of the Russian imperial army and the experience of running a military economy prepared them for the role of statesmen in the new states that arose from the ruins of the Russian Empire. Military reserves concentrated in front-line areas made it possible to resolve issues of material support for the national armed forces.

Medical, social and psychological characteristics of conscription-age residents of the Orenburg region of Russia

Relevance. With the army and navy forces understaffed with physically strong and healthy young recruits, the problem is currently being considered at the state level; the lack of military reserve forces is a major problem for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.The objective is to assess the health status, lifestyles, quality of life, ethic and professional aptitudes of potential conscripts in the Orenburg region in the course of preliminary military training. Methods. Reports and accounts of enlistment commissariats across Orenburg municipalities were studied from 2012 through 2021. The study focused on the Orenburg region residents of conscription age, who underwent an anonymous social and demographic survey. Quality of life indicators were estimated by MOS SF-36, whereas dedicated personality and aptitude testing was used to assess neuropsychic stability and cognitive abilities.Results and analysis. In 2012 the Orenburg region had 21,600 residents of conscription age, with 65.1% considered healthy and apt for military service. Almost one in three conscripts was unfit for military service due to health issues. Due to demographic challenges in the region, the number of conscripts decreased year to year, resulting in a 30% drop-down by 2021 according to forecasts. This situation undermined military service conscription goals. Therefore, efforts were undertaken to mainstream healthcare and fitness initiatives among the youth, as well as actively promote healthy lifestyles and sports, which eventually allowed to attract more newly drafted conscripts. Thus, in 2021 the rate of conscripts considered healthy and apt for military service stood at was 77.7%.Conclusion. Analyses of medical, social and psychological characteristics of Russian nationals of conscription age provides evidence for appropriate decision-making to maintaining the combat abilities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

ОКРЕМІ РИЗИКИ МОБІЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ЗАКОНОПРОЄКТІВ ТА ЇХ МОЖЛИВИЙ ВПЛИВ НА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВОЄННОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the draft laws No. 10378, 10378-1, 10378-2, 10378-3, 10378-4 and No. 10449 registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in December 202 ‒ January 2024, aimed at improving the existing mechanisms of mobilization and increasing the military reserve for the defense forces. The registered mobilization bills identify certain risks that may negatively affect the state of military security and defense capability of the country in the future. The risks of expanding the possibilities of conscription during the mobilization of convicts, suspects, and those accused of committing criminal offenses, as well as the risks of demobilization, have been identified. Proposals for amendments and additions to the draft law No. 10449 of 30.01.2024, the Law of Ukraine "On Military Duty and Military Service", and the Criminal Code of Ukraine were formulated to minimize the impact of these risks on the state of military security of Ukraine.

Beyond the Call of Duty: Exploring the Motivations, Challenges and Contributions of Aging Volunteers in Military Reserves

Military reservists play a vital role in defense, often balancing their civilian and military responsibilities. This study aimed to investigate the motivations, challenges, and contributions of aging reservists, assessing the impact of their service on personal development and military efficacy. The research sought to identify support factors and strategies for better integration into the military reserves. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative research design, the study collected data through in-depth interviews, providing insights into the motivations and challenges faced by aging reservists. Based on the findings, these individuals are primarily driven by personal satisfaction, a sense of duty, and continuous professional growth. Despite physical challenges and the need to balance various commitments, they demonstrate resilience and contribute significantly through knowledge transfer and mentorship. Moreover, aging reservists are crucial for military effectiveness, benefiting from and necessitating strong support systems for their continued service. It was recommended to establish health and wellness programs, mentorship initiatives, improved access to medical care, enhanced legislative policies, and recognition programs. Additionally, vocational training relevant to military and civilian roles and community-based integration programs are advised to maintain an effective reserve force and support national defense readiness.

Dedication Beyond Years: An Investigation of Aging Military Reservist Volunteers in Training

This study explores the impact of aging on the physical and cognitive capabilities, as well as the motivational factors, of military reservist volunteers in Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The objective is to assess how these factors affect the performance and motivation of aging reservists. Employing a descriptive correlational research design, the study examines the relationships among variables influencing reservists' effectiveness. The findings indicate a moderate decline in aging reservists' physical attributes, including strength, agility, and flexibility, and a similar trend in cognitive functions like memory and decision-making. However, these reservists effectively adapt their practices to mitigate aging impacts. Motivation is influenced significantly by both intrinsic factors, such as career advancement, and extrinsic factors, like the sense of comradeship, with the latter exerting a slightly greater influence. The study recommends that the Department of National Defense and the Armed Forces of the Philippines adopt adaptive training programs and cognitive enhancement workshops for aging reservists. Additionally, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority and other educational bodies should develop veteran-focused programs and educational incentives to support career advancement and lifelong learning. The Department of Social Welfare and Development can further support aging reservists through community development projects, leveraging their experience and fostering a sense of purpose and community engagement.

Sejarah Masa Kemajuan Islam Pada Masa Bani Umayyah

The Umayyad Dynasty was a dynasty based in Damascus which was formed after the end of the Shiffin field. The Umayyad Daulah was founded by someone named Muawiyah Bin Abi Sufyan and originated in 41H/661M. He was governor during the reign of Umar bin Khattab and Usman Bin Affan. When he was still governor, he was already a military reserve which would allow him to maintain his position in the future. This includes the time when he was governor of the Umayyads, where his greatest contribution was in the fields of politics and government. This method uses a method library approach. This article aims to explain the history of the Umayyad Dynasty, starting from the period in which the Umayyad Dynasty was formed, ending with the period of progress and ending with the period of decline of the Umayyad Dynasty, so that everyone, including scholars, can understand and increase knowledge about the history of the Umayyá dynasty from formation time to the end. The method used is called bibliography, and refers to several conceptual summaries.

North Carolina's Reserve Component-connected Children: Are Our Schools Prepared to Meet Their Needs?

Children who have a parent serving in one of the military Reserve Components have access to fewer support services than their active-duty counterparts. They also have unique circumstances that need recognition by school administra-tors, nurses, and counselors. This paper suggests ways the state of North Carolina can improve support provided to these children and their parents.

Damage, recovery, and the geographies of military–civil entanglements

ABSTRACT This paper explores two forms of entanglements between military and civilian phenomena and activities, in contexts of recovery from damaging events. One concerns global civil–military entanglements in low earth orbital space, where recovery from damage is necessary for sustaining the civilian and military service support systems on which we increasingly depend. The other uses the damage caused by the UK state’s regimes of financial austerity to highlight how gendered, spatialized forms of personal labour through military Reserve forces sustain recovery. Both suggest ways in which military and political geography and geographers can find new ways of thinking through civil–military entanglements.

Procedure for the structural synthesis of the logistic support system to the air force grouping of the armed forces of Ukraine in preparation for combat operations

This paper considers elements of the methodology for the structural synthesis of the logistic support system of the Air Force grouping of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the preparation for combat operations. Contradictions between the growing need for military units in material and technical means and the limited capabilities of the existing system of logistical support of the troop group predetermined the relevance and practical focus of this study. Measures have been devised that affect the logistical support of the troop group. It is proposed to implement a mixed centralized-decentralized principle of building a logistics support system based on «material support clusters», which could ensure timely and complete delivery of material and technical means. During the research, it was established that reducing the response time to changes in the volume of supplies of material and technical means in military units would ensure the continuity of the operation of weapons and military equipment, and this would give signs of the adaptability of the proposed logistics support system. It is theoretically justified that the use of the proposed methodology could affect the actual availability of established military reserves of the troop group and obstacles that prevent timely replenishment of daily expenses and losses. The remoteness of military units and separate units from provision agencies and the limited means of transporting material and technical means were taken into account. The calculations of the efficiency assessment of the developed structure of the logistic support system allow us to draw conclusions about its superiority over the existing one by 14–17 % by ensuring the continuity of combat operations. The idea and elements of the devised methodology could be used in the calculations of transport tasks of civil enterprises

Early predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories in U.S. Army soldiers deployed to the Iraq war zone.

The course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms varies among veterans of war zones, but sources of variation in long-term symptom course remain poorly understood. Modeling of symptom growth trajectories facilitates the understanding of predictors of individual outcomes over time. Although growth mixture modeling (GMM) has been applied to military populations, few studies have incorporated both predeployment and follow-up measurements over an extended time. In this prospective study, 1,087 U.S. Army soldiers with varying military occupational specialties and geographic locations were assessed before and after deployment to the Iraq war zone, with long-term follow-up assessment occurring at least 5 years after return from deployment. The primary outcome variable was the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version summary score. GMM yielded four latent profiles, characterized as primarily asymptomatic (n = 194, 17.8%); postdeployment worsening symptoms (n = 84, 7.7%); mild symptoms (n = 320, 29.4%); and preexisting, with a chronic postdeployment elevation of symptoms (n = 489, 45.0%). Regression models comparing the primarily asymptomatic class to the symptomatic classes revealed that chronic symptom classes were associated with higher degrees of stress exposure, less predeployment social support, military reservist or veteran status at the most recent assessment, and poorer predeployment visual memory, ORs = 0.98-2.90. PTSD symptom course varies considerably over time after military deployment and is associated with potentially modifiable biopsychosocial factors that occur early in its course in addition to exposures and military status.

Development of camouflage fabric based on continuous thermochromic and electrothermal material

In order to solve the problem of single-color change when thermochromic materials are used at present, this study designs continuous thermochromic camouflage fabric based on the subtractive color matching of dyes, which provides the basis for realizing the integrated transformation of the three camouflage color systems of jungle color, desert color and ocean color. In this study, the electrothermal fabric with silver-coated fiber as the electrothermal element is combined to achieve the purpose of controllable heat source in the process of use, and the electrothermal color change double-layer fabric that can continuously change color through electrothermal control is prepared. Under the voltage of 4 ∼ 6 V, the color change layer fabric can reach the temperature of 34 ∼ 44 °C, and the first color change occurs when the voltage is greater than 4 V but less than 5 V, and the second color change occurs when the voltage is greater than 5 V, realizing continuous thermal color change. It has certain fabric flexibility and wearability, and can supply heat source by itself to meet the demand of product color change at any time. This has reference significance for the development of military camouflage textile products, and provides convenience for the reduction of military reserves in combat.

‘Military timescapes’: The corporeal experience of time in an Israel defense forces reserve combat unit

This article explores the concept of time among combat reservists in the Israel Defense Forces. Most ethnographic studies of temporality tend to focus on how time’s passage is measured or ‘reckoned’ within varying cultural contexts. In contrast, this article looks to the more corporeal and embodied aspects of the human experience of time. It argues that within Israeli military contexts time is experienced as a near material-like substance that imposes itself – in a very physical way – upon the bodies of combat soldiers. In this sense, the ‘military timescape’ is experienced as a sort of malleable substance that the physical donning of a military uniform can transcend, alter, and refract. A detailed ethnographic exploration of time’s corporeal dimensions offers anthropologists a temporal, as opposed to a spatial, paradigm for engaging with some of the unique sociocultural phenomena of militarism and of military reserve service more specifically.

401 Global Neurosurgery Advances from Trenches to Bedside: Lessons from Neurosurgical Care in War, Humanitarian Assistance, and Disaster Response

INTRODUCTION: War has influenced the development of neurosurgery. Armed conflict and mass casualty events, including Humanitarian Assistance Disaster Relief (HADR) missions, require military surgeons to innovate to meet extreme demands. Neurosurgeons serving in the military have provided a pragmatic template for global neurosurgeons to emulate in humanitarian disaster responses METHODS: We performed a narrative review of the literature examining the influence of wars and mass casualty disasters on contemporary global neurosurgery practices. RESULTS: Wartime innovations that influenced global neurosurgery include the development of triage systems and modernization with airlifts, implementation of ambulance corps, early operation on cranial injuries in hospital camps near the battlefield, use of combat body armor, and the rise of damage control neurosurgery. Workforce shortages during wars and disasters have promoted task-shifting and task-sharing in low-resource settings that catalyzed the establishment of the physician associate profession in the United States (US). Neurosurgical care has been utilized by the US as a form of "soft power" during natural and humanitarian disasters. Low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) face similar challenges in developing trauma systems and obtaining advanced technology, including neurosurgical equipment like battery-powered computed tomography scanners. These challenges— ubiquitous in low-resource settings— have underpinned innovations in triage and wound care, rapid evacuation to tertiary care centers, and minimizing infection risk. CONCLUSIONS: War and mass casualty disasters have catalyzed significant advancements in neurosurgical care both in the pre-hospital and inpatient settings. Most of these innovations originated in the military with subsequent spread to the civilian sector as military neurosurgeons and civilian neurosurgeons, who are military reservists, returned from the battlefront or other low-resource locations. LMICs have, by necessity, responded to challenges arising from resource shortages by developing innovative, context-specific care paradigms and technologies.

Udział 12 Szczecińskiej Dywizji Piechoty w akcji „Wisła”. Z warsztatów badawczych

Operation Vistula was one of the largest military and repressive operations carried out after the war by the Polish Army. It was attended, among others, by 12th Combined Infantry Regiment, which was formed on the basis of the 12th Szczecin Infantry Division. The 12th Combined Infantry Regiment was a military reserve of the Vistula Operational Group and from the first days of its operation it was used mainly against the Ukrainian Insurgent Army units manoeuvring in the field. The moderate successes achieved by the regiment compared to other units focusing on the displacement of civilians made the commander of the Vistula Operational Group, General S. Mossor, present this tactical unit as a model for other units. The source analysis carried out by the author forces us to revise this analysis of events. Compared with those of other units, the successes of the 12 Combined Infantry Regiment were not as great as Mossor claims, particularly when we consider that this unit was released from a time-consuming deportation action. The 12th division of the Polish Armed Forces is stationed in Western Pomerania to this day, continuing the tradition of the 12th Infantry Division of the Polish People’s Army. It is important to remember that participation in the largest repressive operation of Stalinist Poland brought no glory to this unit.

The justification of military reserve airfields in modern warfare, aspects, and characteristics of their design

With the end of the Cold War, the methods of warfare and the military's strategic policy objectives have changed in the European Union and thus in our country. Since the 1990s, thanks to the process of force re- duction and the peace settlement model of the European countries, the number of airports, barracks, armies, and the amount of equipment in the armies has also been reduced. Air Force plays a crucial role in the defence of a country. As their maintenance is extremely costly, the pro- tection of airfields and maintenance of aircraft and technical equipment combat-ready preserving is a priority task. During the Cold War, all coun- tries built and maintained reserve or emergency airfields, so that they could deploy their flying forces at short notice in the event of an expected or unexpected attack. Nowadays, most of these airports have been closed or are in civil use. In this article, the author seeks to answer the question of whether reserve airfields have a place and role in today's modern warfare in Hungary and examines aspects and characteristics of their design from the point of view of the aircraft in use today.

Всеобщее военное обучение в Казахской ССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945 гг.

The article attempts to eliminate historical gaps in the organization of universal military training in Kazakh SSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War. The Soviet historiography covered this problem insufficiently. The modern historiography draws on materials, which became available to researchers in the last decade. The source studies method has been used. As the Great Patriotic War began, the Red Army military reserve training became of mass proportions. The command staff was trained in military schools, junior officers were trained in reserve military units; there were schools of junior aviation specialists. Military departments of higher educational institutions trained officers, sergeants, and privates, while public organizations (Osoaviakhim, physical education societies, Red Cross) trained privates of their profile. There were certain requirements (entrance exams, schooling, health, etc.) for training in the above-mentioned fields. For training of the private corps in the Vsevobuch (general training program) only age mattered. The age requirement was from 16 for youth and up to 50 for reservists. Within the frameworks for implementation of the State Defense Committee resolution “On General Compulsory Military Training for Soviet Citizens” of September 1941, the organization of Vsevobuch in the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War is assessed. In the headquarters of the Central Asian, Ural, and South Ural military districts, responsible for the territory of the republic, there were established Vsevobuch departments for training of citizens under military commissariats of the Kazakh SSR. Vsevobuch was based on military training stations. In the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, it faced acute problems due to lack of combat experienced personnel to fill the posts of instructors and due to poor equipment. The study has permitted to assess the results of the Vsevobuch in the Kazash SSR. The studied materials prompt conclusions on coordinated work of the leadership of the Kazakh SSR, Kazvoenkomt, and military districts in the organization of the Vsevobuch. In total, about two million Kazakhs were trained for the Red Army, which was a significant contribution of the republic to Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War.