Military Race Research Articles

The Role of IT in the Political and Socio-Еconomic Development of Russia

The coronavirus pandemic, which shocked the world economy, revealed the weakness of the existing world economic system and led to an intensified struggle between global actors — China and the United States. In such circumstances, information technologies have proved to be a key technology in the fight against coronavirus and a necessary condition for winning the economic and military race. Russia, due to its geopolitical position, has to take a position in this struggle for world domination. If you want to be a winner’s side, it is necessary to carry out long-term planning of the economy, digitize public services. It requires a whole range of measures aimed at developing the domestic IT industry. Finally, the implementation of these measures will have a direct impact on Russia’s geopolitical role in the new world order.

Institutionalizing the Global Order of Peace

Far from being an obsolete and unsubstantial premise for shaping the 21 st century reality, the global order of peace paradigm is a necessary tool for the pursuit of some major targets in building a non-conflict type of society. This paradigm is adequate to fulfill the basic international needs of this century: stability, mutual trust and a general will to reduce the military race (and focus on creating complex new architectures of global security and reinforcing the binding spirit of the old 20 th century international treaties, instead). Conceiving and implementing new institutions, designed especially for responding to the global, asymmetrical crisis and conflicts of 21 st century (such as urban terrorism, migratory massive fluxes, climate changes and rapid global responses to global or major natural /technological catastrophes and pandemics etc.) entail preparing adequately for the un-conventional order of 21 st century. Despite claims of necessity to return to the benefits of the Westphalian old formula, the 21 st century real order will never be again a classical, predictable, simple order of nations-states, built according to the traditional Westphalian model. Instead, we will be forced to face a dynamic, even turbulent, chaotic and multi-layered order, changing permanently its belts of security and prosperity, from one region to another. It is a changing order and nobody can predict where this order will move its chain of stability and prosperity, also due to the lack of adequate, global, un-conventional institutions. How to cite: Antonescu, V. M. (2017). Institutionalizing the Global Order of Peace. Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty, Section: Law, V (2), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw.1

Russo-Ukrainian Gas War: The Lack of a Common Strategy Jeopardizes European Unity

Despite low attention level in Western media, Ukrainian crisis is not just a local issue, and it is going to jeopardize European integration process due to geopolitical key position of Ukraine in natural gas delivery system. In facts, besides military race, carrying real dangers, a parallel gas war is staging in Ukraine, where U.S.A. - new hydrocarbon exporter thanks to revolution - is trying to break the Russian monopoly on Europe, by opening new energetic supply routes, in order to prevent Russia to use this strategic tool to control Europe countries. However, the low price of oil barrel is going to jeopardize U.S.A. plans. In the meantime, Ukraine is close to default due to debt crisis. The decrease of domestic production of energy - caused by political and geopolitical reason related to civil war and annexation of Crimea to Russia - worsens the crisis and prevent Ukraine to free from energetic dependence from Russia, a Moscow's tool to influence internal situation. Russia is trying to overcome Ukrainian bottleneck by opening new routes for Europe, in order to keep monopoly in energetic European marketplace avoiding access of U.S.A. shale gas. In this scenario, the main problem for Europe is the lack of a common strategy: divided in Russian-friendly countries, anti-Russian and lone wolves, European countries pursue their own energetic policies, weakening European Union and threating to bring Europe to a new division in spheres of influence.

“The Most Progressive and Forward Looking Race Relations Experiment in Existence”: Race “Militancy”, Whiteness, and DRRI in the Early 1970s

At the end of the 1960s, the United States military was rocked by race-related violence and riots. Growing fears of black “militancy” eventually compelled the military's largely white leadership to implement policies aimed at ameliorating racial disparities. One of the most significant changes was the establishment of the Defense Race Relations Institute (DRRI) and the requirement that all troops partake in race relations education. Largely overlooked in histories of military race relations and rarely viewed in terms of its place in the larger landscape of US race relations, DRRI was founded to train the military's race relations educators. Its original curriculum and methodology, during the years 1971–74, represented a radical response to the problems of racism in the military, and central to its framework was a critique of whiteness as a nexus of racialized power. This paper attempts to present a complex understanding of the motivations involved in the founding of the DRRI as it historicizes the military's quest to contain race “militancy” through the establishment of DRRI.

Race Relations Within the US Military

Sociologists now often say that the US military is a model of good race relations. Although there is no denying progress made in military race relations, especially since establishment of the all-volunteer force, this review challenges that comfortable claim as research done over the past two decades supports it only in part. Instead, we conclude that disparities in military allocations of goods and burdens sometimes disadvantage racial minorities. This conclusion rests on a review of institutional analyses in five arenas to which researchers have paid close attention: racial patterns in enlistment, officer promotion rates, administration of military justice, risk of death in combat, and health care for wounded soldiers. Although not a direct or intended result of military policy and practice, in three of five cases there was evidence of racial bias and institutional racism. Further work is needed to identify mechanisms through which the bias and racism arose.

The Evolution of a Stereotype: The Royal Navy and the Japanese ‘Martial Type’, 1900–1945

The Japanese were a race who considered themselves to possess a mission in the world, and were a military race from beginning to end. In a comparatively short space of time Japan had brought three wars to a successful conclusion.Admiral Earl Beatty, First Sea Lord (1919–1927), 3 July 1925it is on record that one young samurai… was so convinced at first that bravery by itself was sufficient to overcome the power of the western ‘barbarians’, that he swam out to Perry's flag-ship with his sword in his teeth, intending to fight the whole ship's company single-handed. This man was Yamagata, who died but recently.Captain M.D. Kennedy, Military Language Officer in Japan (1917–1920), 1928

Anti-Satellite Weapons and Arms Control: Incentives and Disincentives from the Soviet and American Perspectives

It has become fashionable to speak of the 'militarization of space' and the United States-Soviet 'military race in space/ To many, this must certainly conjure up images of Star Wars weapons nuclear torpedo-equipped spacecraft, orbital laser battle stations continually circling Earth as they stalk enemy targets above and below. In fact, neither the United States nor the Soviet Union maintains any weapons systems in space. Rather, the military platforms in orbit are what I would term space military support systems, that is, instruments for reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, communications, navigation, detection, tracking, and early warning. These systems have no capability (in and of themselves) to destroy or otherwise to interfere with any other object in space, on land, at sea, or in the atmosphere. Of course there have been, and are now, several experimental programmes in both the United States and the Soviet Union directed toward the development of space weapons systems. These would have a rudimentary ability to interfere with, or even destroy, other objects. Examples include: preliminary investigations on the possible utility and significance of orbital missiles and nuclear bombs, manned space bombers, and explosive and anti-satellite systems. More recently, there has been discussion of space-based lasers for anti-satellite, anti-aircraft, and ballistic missile defence, aircraft-launched direct-ascent anti-satellite missiles, and ground-

Military Race Relations: The Responsibility of Mental Health Professionals

Military Race Relations: The Responsibility of Mental Health Professionals