Military Planning Research Articles

선도 기술 적용을 위한 한국군 무기체계 소요기획 발전방향 연구 : 기술주도, 기술견인, 수요주도, 수요견인을 중심으로

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the current Korean military's demand planning and weapon system acquisition method was suggest to improve measures for cutting-edge technology applied weapon system. Currently, the problem of the Korean military weapon system acquisition system is the demand-oriented planning and acquiring. The demand-oriented weapon system has the advantage of securing the weapon system that the military needs, but it lacks flexibility considering the shortened life-cycle of technology and changes in the security environment. In particular, more innovative planning is needed to solve the problems of troop reduction and insufficient quantitative and qualitative military power compared to neighbor countries. To do so, it is essential to secure a qualitative advantage by developing leading technologies and securing a weapon system to which leading technologies are applied. In this study, demand-push, demand-pull, technology-push, and technology-pull frameworks, which are methods of market innovation, were introduced to analyze military's planning and acquiring weapon systems. A theoretical framework was presented so that the weapon system planning and acquisition methods could be classified and analyzed in more detail. In addition, an institutions were proposed to develop future weapon system with leading technologies.

Notional Spread of Cholera in Haiti Following a Natural Disaster: Considerations for Military and Disaster Relief Personnel.

Cholera remains a significant public health threat for many countries, and the severity largely varies by the population and local conditions that drive disease spread, especially in endemic areas prone to natural disasters and flooding. Epidemiological models can provide useful information to military planners for understanding disease spread within populations and the effectiveness of response options for preventing the transmission among deployed and stationed personnel. This study demonstrates the use of epidemiological modeling to understand the dynamics of cholera transmission to inform emergency planning and military preparedness in areas with highly communicable diseases. Areas with higher probability for a potential cholera outbreak in Haiti followed by a natural disaster were identified. The hotspots were then used to seed an extended compartmental model, EpiGrid, to simulate notional spread scenarios of cholera originating in three distinct areas in Haiti. Disease parameters were derived from the 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti, and disease spread was simulated over a 12-week period under uncontrolled and controlled spread. For each model location, scenarios of mitigated (intervention with 30% transmission reduction via international aid) and unmitigated (without intervention) are simulated. The results depict the geographical spread and estimate the cumulative cholera infection for each notional scenario over the course of 3 months. Disease transmission differs considerably across origin site with an outbreak originating in the department of Nippes spanning the largest geographic area and resulting in the largest number of cumulative cases after 12 weeks under unmitigated (79,518 cases) and mitigated (35,667 cases) spread scenarios. We modeled the notional re-emergence and spread of cholera following the August 2021 earthquake in Haiti while in the midst of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This information can help guide military and emergency response decision-making during an infectious disease outbreak and considerations for protecting military personnel in the midst of a humanitarian response. Military planners should consider the use of epidemiological models to assess the health risk posed to deployed and stationed personnel in high-risk areas.

THE IDENTITY OF THE PROJECT OF THE FUTURE IN POST-WAR UKRAINE

The Ukrainian nation in the conditions of war is united around a common patriotic platform in achieving victory over the infernal racist enemy and forming a project for the future. In his annual message on the internal and external situation, President Volodymyr Zelenskyi clearly articulated that the future will be Ukrainian.
 The subjectivity of Ukraine, which was won through bloody battles, leaves no doubt that the values of civilization are defeating totalitarianism. The Russian- Ukrainian war accelerated Ukraine's acquisition of the identity of the future project associated with the European integration vector of development. The article examines the procedurality of the integration choice, the origins associated with Euromaidan and the transformation of the resistance identity.
 The article analyzes the destabilization of the domestic political situation in the post-Maidan period, provoked by pro-Russian forces, in particular, due to the politicization of regional controversies in the humanitarian sphere: regarding language, culture, Ukrainian and Russian narratives of historical memory. Despite the hybridity of the confrontation with Russia, the state information policy was not focused on the systematic development of the national security strategy. Ukraine's information policy acquired an active-offensive character already in the conditions of a full-scale military invasion by the aggressor state of Russia.
 Ukrainian and Russian war narratives radically differ in the interpretation of manifestations of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Falsification and concealment of crimes by the Russians do not stop Ukraine and the civilized world (relevant institutions) from documenting them for future international tribunals. The data of sociological polls regarding the attitude of Ukrainian citizens towards everything Russian, together with the soviet-communist, as towards something unequivocally hostile, are given.
 Urbicide committed by racist criminals in Ukrainian cities is considered as a separate topic of the article. Russia destroyed its future with military plans for the physical and spatial destruction of Ukraine and Ukrainians. The Ukrainian identity of the future project based on democratic values and shared experience is the identity of a nation of heroes, fighters, and global leaders.

ENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF MILITARY TRANSPORTATION IN THE EVENT OF FAILURE OF TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to conduct an analysis of the organization of the continuity of military transportation in the conditions of the conduct of hostilities by the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Currently, the issue of the interaction of different types of transport in the conditions of failure of important transport infrastructure facilities is important. Methodology. To date, the Armed Forces of Ukraine have created a system of transportation of material resources, which mainly meets the needs of the troops involved in the execution of tasks in combat operations. An analysis of the organization and implementation of military transportation was carried out to find out ways to solve problematic issues related to the implementation of military transportation during the preparation and conduct of combat operations, which affect the quality of their implementation. Findings. In the case of the destruction of certain transport facilities (railway bridges), the military transport plan is refined with the dispatch of military echelons by detour routes. If it is not possible to continue transportation by rail, the military echelons are unloaded and regrouped in the assembly areas to continue moving on their own to the destination areas or to new loading areas. The basis for the development of the technological process of the TTA (temporary transshipment area) operation should be the schedule of feeding and cleaning of cargo and empty trains at the unloading (loading) station. Originality consists in solving the problem of choosing the optimal option for the transfer of military echelons and transports through the TTA. One of the most important elements of the TTA is the adjacent water area with ferry crossings (floating bridges) from river floats. Carrying out calculations for the transfer of troops and cargo through the TTA provides an opportunity to choose the option of rational use of road and pipeline transport, as well as minimal expenditure of motor resources when routing military echelons from the unloading station to the loading station. Practical value. According to the conducted analysis, recommendations were given regarding the preservation of the network of logistical support of units in a special period, specifically the survivability of transport facilities. It is possible to formulate further directions of scientific research, to create a rational system for the location of technical cover units of the most vulnerable transport objects, as well as for their rapid restoration in case of destruction.

THE ROLE OF UKRAINIAN SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES WITHIN THE WAR IN UKRAINE

: The analysis of Ukrainian special operations forces’ capabilities is an important endeavor in studying the development of the war from Ukraine – as a consequence of the Russian Army invasion, in February 24, 2022. The actions of the Ukrainian elite military forces contributed to the failure of the initial Russian military planners’ strategic aims. National Ukrainian Army initiated the preparations to defend against an invasion force of the Russian Federation Armed Forces of 200,000 militaries, grouped in tactical units around the Ukrainian borders. Special operations Ukrainian forces had the significant role of stopping Moscow’s objectives established at the beginning of the Russian invasion and of obtaining these remarkable results within the fights against the Russian army’s units; they stood out especially within the planned action of defeating the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv. The role of Ukrainian special operations forces within the war in Ukraine consisted in bold actions behind the adversaries’ lines, resulting in destroying certain command points and in eliminating several important commanders from the command chain of the Russian Federation invasion forces. Ukrainian special operations forces engaged efficiently the fight with the Russian elite forces that landed in the neighborhood of Kyiv and also blocked the military actions that intending to get the control over certain strategic objectives. Interrupting the logistic flow of the Russian Armed Forces, destroying the Russian logistic centers from Ukrainian and Russian territory, as well as organizing resistance cells for guerrilla fight within the Ukrainian territories occupied by the Russians are among the successful missions of the Ukrainian special operations forces. The endeavor of the current article is to analyze the Ukrainian special operations force’ transformation process since 2014 – an evolution from a structure specific for the „Spetsnaz” and Soviet Union (U.R.S.S) to the current capabilities and modern endowment, driven upon a development & training program, commonly developed with special forces units from NATO armies.

Russian military perspectives on the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence

Abstract The refusal of Alexander I to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in support of the Greek Uprising in 1821 provided Russian military men with a possibility to reflect on the past Russian–Ottoman wars and prepare the best strategy for future confrontation. One of the aspects of this reflection was the growing interest of Russian military planners in the ethno-confessional composition and political attitudes of the local population in the territory of the prospective war theater. This article argues that increased attention to the population reflected the desire of the tsarist planners to avoid excesses of a “people’s war” rather than to unleash its destructive potential. Despite a strong emotional response that the Greek War of Independence provoked among the Russian military, their perspectives on the Ottoman Empire during the 1820s were for the most part quite restrained and conservative.

The Soviet military-industrial complex in 1945–1950: crisis or conversion transition (historiographical aspect)

The paper presents an analysis of the historiography of the military-industrial complex development in the USSR in 19451950. Attention is focused on determining the main approaches to the development of the military-industrial complex in the years of post-war economic recovery. The results of the study show that the characterization of the situation in which military production found itself since the second half of 1945, as a crisis, has no sufficient grounds. Most of the problems experienced by the Soviet military-industrial complex took place during the Great Patriotic War and even earlier. The transition to a peaceful life only aggravated them. Changes in the military-industrial complex system after the war were not related to the crisis, but to the conversion transition, which was accompanied by significant investments in new industries rocket science, nuclear industry, radar. On the other hand, the conversion process was characterized by an increase in the share of civilian output and a reduction in defence products. Modern Russian historiography shows that the approach to managing the economy of military production and planning underwent changes. The requirements for the quality of weapons in connection with the increase in their service life became tougher. It is proved that one of the promising directions in historiography at the present stage is the plot of interdepartmental conflicts in the military-industrial complex system and ways to resolve them.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Military Operations Planning

The military operations planning is one of the major functions of military staffs. The increasing complexity of the contemporary operating environment requires new approach to the understanding of the situation and realisation of a viable plan. The aim of this paper is to scrutinise the potential usage of future Artificial Intelligence tools in the process of military operations planning. The main question is whether Artificial Intelligence in its current state can be applied in military operations planning. To answer this question the paper provides a short overview of military operations planning, a summary of military-related Artificial Intelligence research and existing solutions, then identify criteria and field of application for future Artificial Intelligence-driven tools. Analysing the topic gives some insight into this possible way of increasing the effectiveness of the planning groups, thus contributes to finding more effective solutions for emerging complex and comprehensive problems.

Present Danger: Nuclear Power Plants in War

After Russia’s unprecedented seizure of Ukraine’s nuclear plant at Zaporizhzhya, the United States needs to adjust its military planning and policies to cope with hostile military forces’ targeting, seizure, and garrisoning of armed forces at large, operating nuclear plants and clarify its policies regarding possible US targeting of such plants. This article is the first to analyze these concerns. It compares Russia’s assaults with previous strikes against research reactors and nonoperating nuclear plants in the Middle East and clarifies what new military measures and policies will be needed to cope with military operations against large, operating nuclear plants. US Army and Pentagon officials, as well as military

The politics of understaffing international organisations: the EU Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC)

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that staffing of international organisations (IOs) is politics. Understaffing of IOs, by contrast, has hardly received scholarly attention. By drawing upon the principal-agent model and refining the concept of “principal slack”, we explain why member states – as principals – might not provide the required resources to an IO and its substructures. We focus specifically on the case of the European Union’s (EU) Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), which was established in June 2017. The MPCC has since then been hindered by systematic understaffing. Our analysis reveals that understaffing of the MPCC results from member states’ individual cost calculations, which are determined by national resource constraints and concerns over control. A limited pool of resources stretched thinly across rivalling institutions is a central problem to the MPCC’s development, exacerbated by rapidly growing expectations and the largely voluntary nature of staff provision. These are considerable obstacles to the EU’s ambition to become a credible and responsive security provider.

Stress exposure status and associated factors among Chinese People's Armed Police personnel: A cross-sectional study.

MG (Mass gathering) deployment is one of the primary duties of Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) personnel. Due to prolonged and repeated deployments in difficult conditions and harsh climates, military personnel are exposed to multiple stressors. This study aims to understand the stress exposure status of armed police personnel during MG deployment and to explore its influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among PAP in 2021. We used a cluster random sampling to select 960 PAP personnel. Binary logistic regression was used to examine whether the stress exposure status was associated with factors such as demographics, health service utilization, and MG deployment. Among 960 PAP personnel,83% of PAP personnel participated in MG in the past month, and 23.1% of PAP personnel suffered stress. The chi-square test showed that there were significant differences in MG'cycle time (p < 0.05). The binary logistic regression results showed that satisfaction with medical skills (p = 0.008), satisfaction with health environment (p = 0.031), satisfaction with medicine (OR = 0.640, 95%CI:0.436,0.938), and seeking health services (OR = 5.36, 95%CI:2.316,12.402) were associated with stress exposure status. However, age, and length of military service did not have any association with the stress exposure status of PAP personnel in this study. This study demonstrated that stress exposure status among PAP personnel was associated with MG deployment, and health service utilization. These findings can help policy-makers and clinicians to relieve the stress of the armed police personnel, as well as provide a basis for developing military health service security plans.

Pemilihan Pangkalan Induk Skadron Pesawat Tempur TNI AU dengan Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process

Determining a location where the facility will be built is one of the important factors in the business and military planning process. Indonesia, as a country that has a large area, has problems in determining the right location to place its squadron of fighter aircraft in the national defense system. This study uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to solve this problem. There are five criteria considered in this study, namely deterrence strategy, counterbalance strategy, flight support facilities, base support facilities and the environment. This research is aimed at getting six out of 10 Indonesian Air Force air bases that meet the requirements to be placed in a squadron of fighter aircraft. The six air bases selected were SPO (15.17%), RSN (15.16%), HND (12.25%), HLM (12.16%), ABD (10.09%) and IWJ (10.07% ).

Present Danger: Nuclear Power Plants in War

After Russia’s unprecedented seizure of Ukraine’s nuclear plant at Zaporizhzhya, the United States needs to adjust its military planning and policies to cope with hostile military forces’ targeting, seizure, and garrisoning of armed forces at large, operating nuclear plants and clarify its policies regarding possible US targeting of such plants. This article is the first to analyze these concerns. It compares Russia’s assaults with previous strikes against research reactors and nonoperating nuclear plants in the Middle East and clarifies what new military measures and policies will be needed to cope with military operations against large, operating nuclear plants. US Army and Pentagon officials, as well as military and civilian staff, will discover ways to mitigate and reduce future military harm to civilians in war zones and understand the operational implications of military assaults on and seizures of civilian nuclear facilities.

Voyages of a 17th-Century Map of Buenos Aires: From Spies and Sailors to Printers and Scholars

The proposed paper will present the long and rich life span of a city map of Buenos Aires and its changing settings, by following the many editions of a map first drawn by a French military engineer, Barthelemy de Massiac, that stayed as a prisoner in the city between 1660 and 1662. This example helps to further questions referring to the problem of stability / instability of maps. How do copies and adaptation to different supports or media affect their alleged unicity? How do they travel and what are the effects of their journeys? The problem may be addressed on the basis of the works on sociology of culture and science by Pierre Bourdieu, and on the history of the book and print culture by Roger Chartier. Although they don´t specifically study maps, their views add to the social and cultural approach to maps of the now classical critical studies in history of cartography by John B. Harley and David Woodward, among others. In this respect, Bourdieu stressed that ideas, books especially (as well as, it can be added, images and maps), travel without their context of production, through appropriations, translations and editions that sustain their circulation in space and, I also add, in time. The work of Roger Chartier also offers ground for this claim, as do his more recent work about images and their life in manuscripts, print and digital records and production. On a more epistemological perspective, attention to these changing supports, media and audiences contributes to rethink Bruno Latour’s definition of maps as immutable mobiles that sustained the making of modern science. I intend to address these issues presenting an example of the many copies, versions, printing of a map and its consequent storing, selling, circulating, archiving and studying, that show both the persistence and mutability of maps in shifting scenarios and readership. Briefly, the map drawn in 1669 by de Massiac lived a broad and long life, travelling from drawing desk to shelves, from print to books, from geography to antiquarianism and tourism, from urbanism to history, along at least 15 different versions and supports made until 1981, always surrounded by doubts about its trustworthiness yet at the same time used as a virtual logotype for the earlier stages of the city of which no other plans survive. Much later, pursue in French archives helped restore its original status as part of a military plan. The significance of recovering its original condition is more fully grasped when we put it into the perspective of its changing appropriations and journeys in time, place and varying scholarship.

A Comparative Analysis of the Soviet Military City Plans of Tel Aviv, Israel and Copenhagen, Denmark (1985)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Soviet military city plans of Tel Aviv (Israel) and Copenhagen (Denmark), that both date from 1985. It presents a methodological framework to examine and compare the quality and completeness of thematic information included in the plans, particularly the strategically important objects (which are identified, numbered and colour coded according to their function). Our results indicate that the Soviet city plans do not include all military sites located in the areas they cover. In addition, several sites are erroneously included in the lists of strategically important objects and the lists also include obsolete information on sites that were no longer in military use. Ultimately, our analysis found no substantial difference in thematic accuracy between the two plans.

Complex Mountain Road Extraction in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images via a Light Roadformer and a New Benchmark

Mountain roads are of great significance to traffic navigation and military road planning. Extracting mountain roads based on high-resolution remote sensing images (HRSIs) is a hot spot in current road extraction research. However, massive terrain objects, blurred road edges, and sand coverage in complex environments make it challenging to extract mountain roads from HRSIs. Complex environments result in weak research results on targeted extraction models and a lack of corresponding datasets. To solve the above problems, first, we propose a new dataset: Road Datasets in Complex Mountain Environments (RDCME). RDCME comes from the QuickBird satellite, which is at an elevation between 1264 m and 1502 m with a resolution of 0.61 m; it contains 775 image samples, including red, green, and blue channels. Then, we propose the Light Roadformer model, which uses a transformer module and self-attention module to focus on extracting more accurate road edge information. A post-process module is further used to remove incorrectly predicted road segments. Compared with previous related models, the Light Roadformer proposed in this study has higher accuracy. Light Roadformer achieved the highest IoU of 89.5% for roads on the validation set and 88.8% for roads on the test set. The test on RDCME using Light Roadformer shows that the results of this study have broad application prospects in the extraction of mountain roads with similar backgrounds.

Büyük Taarruz’un İletişim Stratejisi

A strategic mind that managed the whole process played an important role in the making of the National Struggle and its victory. This mind, which managed to unite the regional resistance movements in a single center and turn into a national will, ensured the final victory by spreading its effectiveness in the field of planning and management to every field.&#x0D; The phenomenon of communication is one of the key concepts of the Turkish National Struggle with its strategic understanding. A communication strategy based on planning and implementation has always existed in the National Struggle, which started with the departure of Mustafa Kemal Pasha to Samsun. Until the end of the war, the communication strategy was actively used together with the military, political and diplomatic fronts of the main strategy. This strategy makes itself felt by strongly accompanying the activities behind the war, diplomatic contacts, press and public relations.&#x0D; Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who used the press as an effective tool in enlightening the domestic and foreign public opinion during the War of Independence, ensured the organization of national resistance and the formation of national unity with his communication strategy. In addition to the military struggle, the legitimacy of the National Struggle was explained to the Turkish and world public opinion through communication policies during the period of diplomacy and propaganda wars.&#x0D; The Great Attack, which ended the occupation of Turkey and confirmed its national independence, is the last stage in which war and communication strategies are successfully carried out. Important decisions taken regarding communication in coordination with military action plans were decisive in the fate of the war.

Implementation of the infection control estimate: A case study on the use of a newly developed digital tool for outbreak management in the acute setting.

An Infection Control Estimate (ICE) Tool was developed based on a previously published concept of applying military planning techniques to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) management strategies in the acute healthcare setting. Initial testing of the outbreak management tool was undertaken in a large acute hospital in the North-West of England during a localised outbreak of COVID-19. The tool, developed using Microsoft Excel, was completed by trained IPC practitioners in real-time to log outbreak details, assign and manage meeting actions and to generate surveillance data. The ICE tool was utilised across five outbreak control meetings to identify and allocate tasks to members of the outbreak control team and to monitor progress. Within the meetings, the tool was used primarily by the trained IPC Specialist Nurses who were guided by and entered data into the relevant sections. Feedback indicated that the tool was easy to use and useful as the sole repository of outbreak information and data. Suggested improvements following the testing period were made and additional functionality was added. Utilisation of the ICE tool has the potential to improve our understanding of the efficacy of currently employed outbreak management interventions and provides a cognitive support and targeted education for teams responsible for the management of outbreaks. It is hoped that by guiding teams through an outbreak with prompts and guidance, as well as facilitating collection and presentation of surveillance data, outbreaks will be resolved sooner and risks to patients will be reduced.

An Australian Approach to Space Warfare

ABSTRACT Australia is currently experiencing a reinvigorated space program with a new space agency, significant industry investment in space ventures, and the Australian Defence Force embracing the military advantage conferred by space systems. Coincidentally, geostrategic instability has led Australia’s government to raise its military preparedness in the face of increased risk of state-on-state conflict. Accordingly, military planners are considering not only what future space capabilities are needed by Australia, but the prospect of space warfare and what the state should do to protect its equities in the space domain. We conclude that developing a stronger normative framework is the best option for the preservation and growth of Australia’s future space capabilities.

Efficient management agenda for performance-based logistics in fourth industrial revolution

The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient management plan for a performance-based military support project as a weapon system using Fourth Industrial Revolution technology, such as the launch of the Army TIGER Combat Group. According to the Ministry of National Defense, the performance-based military support project plans to expand various ranges and stages. Thus, more detailed management measures that combine value analysis and learning effects are significant. The results of this study are as follows. First, in preparing for the expansion of performance-based military support projects, a plan to use companies under the leadership of the military is proposed preemptively. Second, the performance-based military support application project using ABC analysis and portfolio technology and the scope of application for military service improvement is presented separately. Third, a plan to expand the quantity of maintenance equipment acquired is proposed to improve the agility of exhibition maintenance support. This is expected to stabilize supply to companies and reduce the cost and total cost of ownership for the military. Fourth, by adding qualitative indicators based on quantitative indicators, a system that enables South Korea to actively participate in maintaining equipment operations and relying only on companies. Rather than the vague expectation that performance-based military resources will effectively utilize civilian capabilities and reduce budgets, the military must develop management strategies to maintain its immediate dispatch attitude in wartime to restore resilience and achieve its core goal.