Russian Military-industrial Complex Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ УЧАСТИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО ОБОРОННО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА НА МИРОВОМ РЫНКЕ ВООРУ-ЖЕНИЯ И ВОЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

The article explores and outlines the participation of the Russian military-industrial complex (DIC) in expanding the range of foreign trade activities and developing the economy of the Russian Federation by producing and releasing for these purposes various types of modern, in-demand and competitive military, civil and dual products on the world and domestic commodity markets. appointments. A definition of the global market for military products (MP) is given, its geography, characteristics, trends and operating features, the implementation of international legal regulation, the value of annual trade turnover, the presence of official and illegal schemes for the sale of weapons and military equipment, and the reasons for the emergence of the latter are revealed. The geography and indicators of the participation of the Russian Federation in this market for the period 2015–2022 are given, its rating among the states that are the main exporters of weapons and military equipment, as well as comparison with the USA and EU countries - the main exporters to the world market of weapons, military equipment and others types of military products, the ratio of their exports to military expenditures and to the gross domestic product. The authors present a correlation regression analysis of the main factors influencing Russia's posi-tion in the world market for weapons, military equipment and other types of military products, including an analysis of the Russian share in global arms exports, as well as an analysis of the share of arms and military equipment exports in Russia's total ex-ports. The conclusions summarize the results of the study, indicating the real, signifi-cant contribution of the Russian defense industry to the development of foreign trade activities and the country's economy in the context of sanctions restrictions and in-creasing global risks.

Expert evaluation of dual-use technical products

Subject. Progressive and accelerating economic growth of the Russian military-industrial complex needs additional extra-budgetary revenues, which can be obtained using the creation and market sale of dual-use technical products used in the military and civilian spheres. Objectives. The great number of dual technical products, and the complexity of comprehensive assessment of the possibility of their commercialization necessitates creation of special system-wide information and analytical tools. Methods. For objective economic assessment of this type of products, we developed a conceptual method based on their preliminary clustering (grouping) and systematic classification, taking into account the conditions and possibilities of commercial distribution. Results. We identified the main features of clustering and classification of dual products, i.e. the rate of obtaining additional financial profit and economic return from commercial sales, the amount of necessary investments, risky situations and uncertainties. We developed a method to evaluate their commercial and technical potential. The expert assessment of this type of products helps specify and clarify the possibilities and the most effective directions of their commercialization already at the preliminary stage of the systems analysis, identify additional methods for their further and more accurate analysis. The developed expert assessment method can be used in the military-industrial complex, and by high-tech enterprises producing civilian products. Conclusions. The proposed expert assessment of dual-use technical products will enable to develop a system regulation for performing a pre-investment assessment of future sales of technical products, increase the productivity and profitability of defense enterprises.

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРО-ВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ОБОРОННО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМ-ПЛЕКСА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВОЗРАСТА-НИЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ

The article examines the modern composition of the Russian military-industrial complex (DIC). A structural and logical diagram of its participation in increasing the efficiency of foreign trade activities and in the innovative development of the country's economy has been developed. The indicators of exports of weapons and military equipment of the Russian Federation on the world market for military products in 2012–2022 are given in value terms. The patterns and features of the development and functioning of the defense industry as a multifunctional macrosystem of military-industrial production are revealed, the need for their com-prehensive consideration in the development and implementation of strategies, programs and plans for state military-industrial construction. The main features and directions of development of the defense industry in the context of increasing global risks are revealed. The conclusions summarize the research results and pro-pose their use in further scientific research into the issues of defense industry and in the educational process of higher education.

Hybrid assessments of the progress of hybrid economic systems

Subject. The article addresses the development of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex, improvement of the combat capability of the Armed Forces. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of military component as a separate parameter of the gross domestic product determining the probability of the country's survival. Methods. The study employs tools of economic and mathematical modeling. Results. We developed a probabilistic statistical model of the economic system, which will improve the feasibility of managerial decisions, taking into account the military component. Conclusions. The findings of the study can be taken into account in the implementation of Russia's defense capability strengthening programs.

Opportunities for the development of banking potential in the conditions of functioning of Novikombank

The purpose of the work is to study and identify the specifi cs of the banking potential of JSC JSCB "Novikombank" as a reference bank for the development of the Russian industrial complex. The results of Novikombank’s interaction with line ministries and departments, companies in the real sector of the economy, including organizations of the Rostec State Corporation, are summarized and systematized. On the basis of the study, the conclusions are summarized that the new model of fi nancial development of JSC JSCB "Novikombank" makes it possible to improve the processes of harmonization of the principles of lean production and consumption in the industrial production of "Rostec" Group organizations. The calculations of the dynamics and structure of the key performance indicators of Novikombank, including: the analysis of the quality of bank assets and loan portfolio. At the same time, the results of the rating assessment of the creditworthiness of JSC JSCB "Novikombank" according to accredited rating agencies presented in the article are of great importance. Conclusions and scope of the results: Formulated the definition of Novikombank’s banking potential as "a set of economic, fi nancial and managerial advantages of banking activities focused on credit diversification and balanced fi nancial intermediation in the provision of state support measures to the subjects of Russian industry". The article draws a number of conclusions about the further improvement of the banking potential of Novikombank, which has incentives for fi nancial growth through the use of internal reserves to optimize the loan portfolio. Eff ective redistribution of cash fl ows allows the bank under study to diversify the instruments of fi nancial support for manufacturing companies that contribute to the increase in gross value added when creating civilian products and products of the Russian military-industrial complex.

О ЗАДАЧАХ КООРДИНАЦИОННОГО СОВЕТА

In October of 2022 the Decree of The President of The Russian Federation V.V. Putin about the creation of The Coordinating council at The Government of The RF for guaranteeing of needs arising at the course of carrying out the special military operation was published. This important act put down the start of recreation of the system of dirigiste vitonomy around the Russian military-industrial complex with the aim to provide Russia deliverance from the global interstate nomos-segregation exploitation and sovereignization of Russian vitonomy. It is clear that The Coordinating council should decide the task of harmonizing the recreated system of dirigiste vitonomy with the earlier recreated system of liberalist vitonomy to direct the joint creativity of both systems in the indicated direction. This crucial situation forces the authors to turn again to the most important theme about the necessary harmonicas combination of systems of dirigiste and liberalist vitonomy in modern Russia.

MODELS OF NETWORK COOPERATION OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF DIVERSIFICATION OF THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA

The article presents an analysis of the models of cooperation between organizations of the Russian military-industrial complex. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign forms of cooperation between organizations of the defense industry, scientific organizations and organizations of the real sector of the economy has been carried out. Models of cooperation relations of organizations of the military-industrial complex are considered, the main participants of cooperation relations in the holding structures of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex are presented, formulations of the goals and objectives for building models of network cooperation are proposed. The results of the analysis of the consortium model of cooperation are presented, taking into account the tasks of diversification of the military-industrial complex. The comparative advantages of models of cooperation between Russian enterprises and enterprises of the countries of the European Union are considered. A comparative analysis of cluster and consortium models of cooperation has been carried out, a classification of forms and criteria for network cooperation of organizations of the military-industrial complex in the process of diversification has been developed, taking into account the current regulatory framework. The article systematizes the goals of cooperation between defense industry enterprises in the context of diversification and civil-military integration: technology transfer in the creation of innovative high-tech civilian and dual-use products, the development of new technologies, the commercialization of technologies and products, the development of a new line of activity and / or specialized competencies, a full-scale launch of dual and civilian products on the market, the development of territories; in addition, the components of models of network cooperation are proposed. As part of the development of scientific and methodological approaches, the requirements for building models of network cooperation between defense industry organizations are formulated.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ БОЙОВОЇ МАШИНИ ПІХОТИ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

The analysis of concepts and technologies of improvement and transformation of infantry fighting vehicles at the present stage of development is carried out. The problem of inconsistency of combat capabilities of modern infantry fighting vehicles with their original purpose, the so-called problem of passivity, is covered. A detailed analysis of the characteristics of modern and promising infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers is presented in order to assess their combat and technical characteristics. According to the results of the analysis, it is indicated that none of the considered samples of combat armored vehicles is fully applied to autonomous or joint actions along with tanks due to insufficient level of protection, limited capabilities or complete passivity of the landing party. Particular attention is paid to the study of ways of constructive transformation of the infantry fighting vehicle on the platform of the T-64 tank of domestic production. Compromise approaches to the layout of modern infantry fighting vehicles with an optimal combination of fire capabilities, security, mobility and improving the maintainability and operational qualities of the combat vehicle are proposed. A well-founded analysis of the existing models of heavy infantry fighting vehicles in service in the armies of different countries has been carried out. Tactical and technical requirements for a promising heavy infantry fighting vehicle of domestic production based on the T-64 tank are substantiated. Conceptual directions of transformation of the infantry fighting vehicle in modern conditions of conducting military operations are defined. Ways of modernization of samples of armored combat vehicles on the basis of developments of the Kharkiv design bureau on mechanical engineering named after A.A. Morozov with the introduction of the Russian military-industrial complex. Keywords: infantry fighting vehicle, combat capabilities, security, combat effectiveness, enemy, tank, concept, design, transformation.

Current trends in enterprises staffing of the Russian Defence Industry Complex: Personnel training system᾿s problems and solutions

The personnel support system has always been the main element of the change and development of the country’s Defence Industry Complex. The article defines the problems of staffing in the Russian Defence Industry Complex determines the directions of their solution in order to further maintain the highest level of defense of country. The article pays much attention to the study of the existing experience of the leading corporations of the Russian military-industrial complex in terms of creating a system for training highly qualified personnel, including the personnel of companies and corporations in the system of training and development, creating conditions for increasing the interest and involvement of young people in working at enterprises in this field.The paper presents issues that reveal the concept and construction of the national programme to improve the staffing of enterprises of the Defence Industry Complex, taking into account the requirements of today and tomorrow, defines organisational and methodological measures for the implementation of a set of tasks of digitalisation in training of personnel for the Defence Industry Complex. The authors convincingly prove that one of the main tasks in solving the problems of digitalisation and diversification of production is the task of raising the level of working personnel skills. The issue of labor in industry, primarily in the militaryindustrial complex, its quality and qualifications is quite acute.

The largest enterprises of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation: analysis of sales volumes, numbers, territorial placement in the country in 2020

The work noted the relevance of the development of the military-industrial complex of Russia. An analysis of sales volumes of a number of the largest enterprises of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation was carried out, as a result of which two leading organizations were identified. The value of the sales indicator for one analyzed enterprise was evaluated, indicating the reasons for the high results in three enterprises. Based on the analysis of data on the number, conclusions were made about the priority of large enterprises in the structure of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and about the rather serious attention paid by the state to the development of the military economy in modern conditions. When considering the territorial location of the analyzed enterprises, the employment of employees of large organizations of the MIC industries in various regions of Russia is clearly shown, which serves as one of the main factors in the development of the regional economy throughout the country. It was noted the place of the largest enterprises of the military-industrial complex in the ranking of the 100 largest military-industrial companies in the world, based on income from sales of military products by world manufacturers in 2020. The build-up of the country's military power directly depends on the potential of military-industrial complex enterprises and the directions of their development. In the ranking of the analytical company GlobalFirepower for 2020, Russia was ahead of China, but lost to the United States. There are different opinions about the objectivity of this and similar ratings. However, it is impossible not to pay attention to the values of those factors in the GlobalFirepower rating, which indicate insufficient attention to them from the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation at the present time.

Problems of import substitution at enterprises of the military-industrial complex

The article explores the problem of economic security of Russia in the conditions of the sanctions policy of the leading world states related to the implementation of the import substitution policy using the example of the electronic industry. In these political conditions, as soon as possible, with the participation of the head executors of the state defense order, lists of products to be primarily replaced were developed, and the government began to actively allocate budget funds for the development of similar products at the facilities of the Russian military-industrial complex. This direction of development is being implemented today in the import substitution program. Effective planning of import substitution measures is impossible without a comprehensive assessment of the dependence of defense products on the use of foreign components in it. Therefore, the article proposes a consolidated coefficient (indicator) of the level of import dependence of items of electronic equipment from the electronic component base of foreign production used in them. In addition, the principles of industrial development of the United States and China are outlined.

Diversification of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex in the current environment

Diversification of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex in the current environment

A comparative analysis of the corporate culture of foreign and Russian military-industrial complex enterprises

Subject. The military-industrial complex is a fundamental industry of the Russian economy. On the one hand, it ensures the national security, and, on the other hand, makes the military-industrial enterprises implement the culture, which is loyal to the State and society, being driven by sanctions and internal factors. Objectives. We herein conduct the comparative analysis of the corporate culture practices in Russia and leading countries exporting weapons in order to identify applications and concepts that exist in Russia. Methods. The study relies upon such methods as dialectical, structural analysis, traditional techniques for economic analysis and synthesis, and the modeling method. Results. We conducted the comparative analysis of the way the corporate culture of military enterprises evolves in Russia. We review global practices of using the model in the largest military corporations, discovered their similarities and differences of the applicable directions and concepts. Conclusions and Relevance. The human rights protection policy, corruption counteraction policy, discrimination counteraction, protection of information and assets, insider risk counteraction are implemented in a common and versatile manner. These approaches are used by major corporations in the USA, EU, United Kingdom and Russia. In the mean time, the Russian companies do not focus on special rights of minorities and inclusivity, which are so popular in the USA, EU, and the Commonwealth of States.

Technology transfer of the military-industrial complex as a factor in increasing the science intensity of the civilian industry

The high innovation potential of the Russian military-industrial complex can become a source of technology for the civilian industry. In the context of the diversification of the military-industrial complex, the development of an effective technology transfer can become one of the key elements in building a competitive Russian economy. The article contains a diagram of the mechanism for the innovative technology development and transfer between the military and civilian sectors. On the basis of this method, it is possible to build effective schemes for technology transfer and exchange and joint work of the military and civilian industries. The emergence of a technology broker, as an intermediary between the military-industrial and civilian complexes, will accelerate the development of active information and scientific exchange between these sectors, will make it possible to bring technologies to its implementation faster, and industries become more knowledge-intensive. Integration of the military and civilian sectors will help to reduce the technological gap within the country, lagging behind the world level.

Actual problems and limiting factors in the development of the Russian military-industrial complex

Research background: The completion of the ideological confrontation of socio-economic systems that occurred in the early 90s of XX century after the collapse of the USSR did not radically affect the development of the global defense industrial complex (DIC). Taking into account the place and role of national DICs in the economies of the world’s leading powers, we can only talk about the modification of their development in the new historical conditions. The defense industry complex in Russia, as before in the USSR, is one of the priority areas of the country’s development. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article was to study the current state of the Russian DIC, to analyse problems, limitations and prospects for its development. The hypothesis was put forward that the condition of the Russian DIC is currently determined by the whole complex of factors, both internal and external, and therefore the solution of these problems should also be comprehensive. Methods: The study was based on statistical analysis of information from both official databases (SIPRI, World Bank, Federal Government Statistics Service) and other open sources. Findings & Value added: The analysis showed that all corporations of the Russian DIC have positive dynamics in the value of their assets and generally demonstrate good financial stability under difficult external and internal economic and political conditions. At the same time, a number of problems requiring prompt resolution pose a threat to the successful development of the Russian defense industry in the near and distant future. The scientific value of research is determined by the comprehensive approach itself.

Development direction of the strategic management system of the Russian military-industrial complex

Problem statement. The main problem is that the existing methods and mechanisms of strategic management of the MIC are not in line with to the new harsh external conditions due to sanctions, with the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, with the need of MIC transition to innovative development, with the development of military-civil integration processes.Objective. Determining the principal ways to develop the system of strategic management of the MIC of the Russian Federation.Results. Typical approaches to the formulation and solution of the development problems of the strategic management system of the defense industry are described – conservative and pivotal, and the need to implement a pivotal approach is shown. The main ways of creating a promising defense industry management system that meets modern requirements are shown.Practical implications. The need to develop and implement at the state level a comprehensive large innovative and institutional project for reforming the management system for the MIC is determined.

MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Defence industry may be defined as a system of factories and organisations developing, manufacturing and selling military equipment, weapons and ammunition. In the case of the Russian Federation the terminology of “defence industry” and “military industry” is often used as an equivalent to the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC). The Military-Industrial Complex is a segment of the state industry involved in manufacture of the military equipment and performance of research-development projects in the defence sector. Typical feature of the Military-Industrial Complex is that the state is always its customer. Level of development for the Russian MIC plays a crucial role for maintaining the safety of the state and beside the supplies for the army it is responsible in a great degree for technical equipment of main segments of economy (medicine, transport, education, fuelenergetic complex, etc.). The governing board of the MIC in-cludes 18 persons led by the President of Russian Federation - Vladimir Putin.

Key Tools to Develop Digital Production in the Russian Military-Industrial Complex

Key Tools to Develop Digital Production in the Russian Military-Industrial Complex

ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ И ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ РАСХОДОВ НА ПРОВЕДЕНИЕ НИОКР ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТОВ КОНВЕРСИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ ОБОРОННО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

At the present stage of socio-economic development of the world community, the dominant paradigm has been the use of high technologies, new scientific knowledge, the introduction of innovations as the leading factors in ensuring effective economic growth and national competitiveness. The article shows the growing role of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex in modernizing the domestic economy and implementing its transition to innovative development through the implementation of conversion projects. The necessity of developing new and effective organizational and economic mechanisms and tools for converting R&D results that are adequate to modern conditions for their practical use by enterprises producing civilian products is substantiated. A solution to the problem of optimizing R&D expenses for the enterprises of the military-industrial complex is proposed by determining the price of scientific and technical products at the stage of their development, taking into account the possibility of their use in the implementation of conversion projects

SMALL ARMS OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION ARMED FORCES

Russia has been for many years one of main producers and exporters of arms and military equipment. But even if the Russian Military-industrial Complex still maintains a leading position, there is at least one domain where it was forced to quit positions kept during the Soviet Union and does not present any new achievements. The question refers to firearms where relatively low costs of manufacture are transformed on a few percentage share in the world arms trade. This market has a significant symbolic meaning for Russia despite of its modest financial dimension. Military operations require a deployment of infantry with its firearms, independently on state of the art technology of the arms used by the armies. Beside the armed forces, the firearms are used by special and antiterrorist services, police, border and coastal guards, and also by the structures dedicated for fighting the drugs trafficking.