Military Communication Networks Research Articles

A 930 m/180 Gbps*User Underwater Coherent Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access Network Based on Hybrid 256-Differential Pulse Position Modulation and Weighted Modified Prime Code Sequence

Currently, there are three types of optical communication networks based on the communication channel between the transmitter and receiver: the optical fiber channel, visible light channel, and optical wireless channel networks. The last type has several advantages for underwater communication, wireless sensors, and military communication networks. However, this type of optical network suffers from weather conditions in free-space communications and attenuation owing to the scattering and absorption mechanisms for underwater communication. In this study, we present a new transceiver architecture of a coherent optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) system based on a hybrid M-ary differential pulse position modulation scheme and a spreading code sequence called weighted modified prime code for underwater communication to minimize channel dispersion, increase the transmission rate per second, enhance the network bit error rate (BER) performance, and improve network security. Using an OCDMA system, we can simultaneously expand the network coverage area and increase the number of users sharing the network over the same channel bandwidth. The simulation results in this study proved that the proposed system can accommodate 1310 active users and a network throughput of 180 Gbps*user over a transmission distance of 930 m without any repeater at a 10−9 BER performance, compared to the 45 Gbps*user network throughput and 100 m transmission distance reported in the literature.

The Military Communication Network in the Portile de Fier under the Teutonic Order, 1429–c. 1435

Analiza privind eficienţa unui sistem defensiv include cu necesitate examinarea sistemului său de comunicaţii întrucât acesta face legătura dintre aproape toate componentele operaţiunilor, cum ar fi comanda și controlul, logistica, spionajul etc. În cazul Ordinului Teutonic din prima jumătate a secolului al XV‑lea, acesta includea mesajele scrise și comunicaţiile prin mesageri. Sistemul, pe care Ordinul îl instalase cu doar un secol înainte în organizaţia sa religioasă Ordensstaat din Prusia, a devenit mult mai sofisticat. Acest fapt a permis administrarea unui teritoriu care se întindea pe o mie opt sute de kilometri pătraţi, la data maximei sale evoluţii, în 1400, precum și să facă recrutări în afara graniţelor sale și să poarte cruciade de amploare în regiunea baltică. Cu toate acestea, spre sfârșitul anilor 1420, o nouă oportunitate s‑a creat la graniţa sudică a Regatului Ungariei, care a permis Ordinului Teutonic să vină cu logistica și experienţa sa militară pentru a face faţă forţe‑ lor Imperiului Otoman în zona Porţilor de Fier. Comunicaţiile au fost incluse în această competenţă dat fiind faptul că forma lor exista deja și funcţiona cu succes. Articolul de faţă încearcă să analizeze sistemul comunicaţional adus de forţa expediţionară a Ordinului Teutonic în această zonă de frontieră agitată, prin comparaţie cu sistemul existent deja la Porţile de Fier, la standardul stabilit în cadrul Ordensstaat. Acest ţel va fi atins prin analiza‑ rea corespondenţei scrise de și către conducătorii forţei de expediţie, pe baza documentelor care s‑au păstrat în diferite arhive din Europa centrală.

Analysis of mathematical models of mobility of communication systems of special purpose radio communication systems

The object of research is the military radio communication system. One of the problems in improving the effectiveness of military radio communication systems is the correct description of the movement process in them. Efficient routing protocols are only possible if reliable information on network topology for network nodes is available. Thus, with this information, packets can be forwarded correctly between the sender and the recipient. Given that the mobility of individual nodes is insignificant in special wireless networks, nodes in the network show the mobility properties of a group of nodes. This observation is directly related to the very existence of military wireless networks with the ability to organize themselves, that is, to support group cooperation and group activities. In this work the problem of analysis (decomposition) of the mobility models of military radio communication networks with the possibility of self-organization is solved. The classification of mobility patterns, the description of individual mobility models and the analysis of various aspects currently available, as well as those properties lacking in the attempt to simulate the movement of individual nodes, have been carried out. During the research, the analysis of random, semi-deterministic and deterministic models was carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of the above models have been identified. In the course of the research, the authors of the work used the main principles of the theory of mass service, the theory of automation, the theory of complex technical systems, as well as general scientific methods of knowledge, namely analysis and synthesis. The research results will be useful in: ‒ synthesis of mathematical models of node mobility; ‒ evaluation of the effectiveness of the science-based tool for assessing the mobility of nodes; ‒ validation of recommendations to improve the efficiency of mobile radio networks; ‒ analysis of the radio-electronic situation during the conduct of military operations (operations); ‒ creating advanced technologies to improve the efficiency of mobile radio networks.

Development of Defense Dronebot Integrated Control System

With the development of advanced information technology, the current battlefield is in need of a new way of fighting that situation judgment-determination-response can proceed simultaneously. The dronebot combat system developed so far is not enough to satisfy the new paradigm combat system. This is a time when it is desperately necessary to establish a network capable of performing situation judgment-determination-response. There is a need to establish an integrated control system capable of efficiently operating and controlling the defense dronebot combat system and visualizing the dronebot. The infrastructure network is essential to establish an integrated control system for managing the dronebot combat system. To build an integrated defense system for defense drones, the current paper aimed to establish a simultaneous infrastructure network system (a dronebot combat system, PS-LTE (disaster network), TICN (military tactical communication network)). Especially, it is necessary for setting such integrated defense system for defense drones. In the sense, the contribution of this study is to suggest the direction of development of a control system and controls and integrates various drones in the South Korean Army that set up a dronebot specialized unit in the future.

A Snap-Stabilizing m-wave Algorithm for Tree Networks

Abstract In this paper, we propose the first efficient, reliable and safe snap-stabilizing $m$-$wave$ (multi-initiator wave) algorithm implementing concurrent waves started by multiple initiator processes in tree networks. Unlike its self-stabilizing counterpart and broadcast algorithms, the proposed algorithm is a reliable and safe $m$-wave algorithm, i.e. it implements an $m$-wave such that after it is started in an arbitrary initial configuration or after faults, the first $m$-wave started is guaranteed to reach all system processes as per its specification. In addition, the proposed $m$-wave algorithm increases the efficiency of the broadcast compared to a $1$-wave algorithm by allowing the broadcast to be initiated by multiple processes. Our proposed algorithm is safe in the sense that after initiating an $m$-wave, it completes as per the specifications. Additionally, it is reliable as the algorithm guarantees that each process receives at least one broadcast from an initiator process. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the broadcast completion time compared to that of its single counterparts. Solutions to global-snapshots, distributed broadcast and various synchronization problems can be solved efficiently using waves with multiple concurrent initiators. In addition, the proposed algorithm has applications in mobile wireless sensor networks, VANETs and military communication networks.

Repair Strategy of Military Communication Network Based on Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

After the military communications network is attacked by the enemy, in order to ensure that the information flow in the command and control organization can continue to be transmitted smoothly, the damaged network topology needs to be repaired in a timely and effective manner. The problem of repairing military communication network under the circumstance of nodes are hit in the network is described. This paper propose a method to repair damaged network by adding edges to the damaged network topology, which aims at maximizing network invulnerability. Network topological connection cost is based on average connection degree. The repair model is established with the consideration of connect cost limit and network connectivity. The model solving method based on discrete artificial bee colony algorithm is designed. Finally, proposed repair method is tested and compared with other three edge addition repair methods with a specific case of network. The experimental results show that the proposed method could enhance damaged network's invulnerability and outperforms the compared methods.

Method for Determining the Parameters of Interference Affecting the Input of the Repeater Trunk

Military satellite communication networks operate under the influence of enemy radio suppression systems. To suppress the network, it is necessary to put a deliberate interference either at the entrance of the trunk of the communication repeater, or at the entrance of satellite communication stations operating in this network. Taking into account the peculiarities of building a satellite communication network, the most likely effect is the radio-electronic suppression complex at the entrance of the repeater trunk. The article presents a method for determining the parameters of interference affecting the input of the repeater trunk

Data Mining Methods for Communication Technology

The aim of the project was to analyze the behavior of military communication networks based on work with real data collected continuously since 2005. With regard to the nature and amount of the data, data mining methods were selected for the purpose of analyses and experiments. The quality of real data is often insufficient for an immediate analysis. The article presents the data cleaning operations which have been carried out with the aim to improve the input data sample to obtain reliable models. Gradually, by means of properly chosen SW, network models were developed to verify generally valid patterns of network behavior as a bulk service. Furthermore, unlike the commercially available communication networks simulators, the models designed allowed us to capture non-standard models of network behavior under an increased load, verify the correct sizing of the network to the increased load, and thus test its reliability. Finally, based on previous experience, the models enabled us to predict emergency situations with a reasonable accuracy.

Exploiting High Millimeter Wave Bands for Military Communications, Applications, and Design

Military communications networks can leverage much of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technology being investigated and developed for 5G cellular but require special attention to the unique military requirements. This paper highlights the special communications' requirements of specific military local area networks and discusses how higher band mm-wave technology can contribute to high data rates and simultaneously achieve covertness. Adaptive tuning for varying atmospheric absorption meets the military requirements for quickly adjusting covert communication zones to accommodate potentially rapid movements of network nodes, dynamic output power constraints, and changing environmental conditions.

Routing of Military Communication Networks Based on Cloud Genetic Algorithm

Routing of Military Communication Networks Based on Cloud Genetic Algorithm

군용 통신망에서의 주파수 및 편파 지정 알고리즘 튜토리얼

본 논문에서는 군용 통신망에 대한 주파수 지정 문제를 그래프 이론 관점에서 접근하여 해결하는 방법을 소개한다. 선행 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘을 본 문제에 맞게 구현하였으며, 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하여 얻은 해의 성능이 최적의 값에 거의 근접함을 증명하였다. 또한, 이중 편파 안테나의 편파를 동시에 배정하여 주파수 지정 문제 해의 성능을 극대화하는 알고리즘을 소개하였다. In this paper we introduce a graph theory approach to solve the frequency assignment problem(FAP) for military communication network. Prior algorithms are implemented adaptively to the problem, and enhanced algorithms are proposed to show that their results approximately approached the optimum performance. We also proposed polarization assignment algorithms to enhance the FAP performances.

Linear Time Algorithm for Network Reliability Problem

This paper deals with the network reliability problem that decides the communication line between main two districts while the  districts were destroyed in military communication network that the  communication lines are connected in  districts. For this problem, there is only in used the mathematical approach as linear programming (LP) software package and has been unknown the polynomial time algorithm. In this paper we suggest the heuristic algorithm with  linear time complexity to solve the optimal solution for this problem. This paper suggests the flow path algorithm (FPA) and level path algorithm (LPA). The FPA is to search the maximum number of distinct paths between two districts. The LPA is to construct the levels and delete the unnecessary nodes and edges. The proposed algorithm can be get the same optimal solution as LP for experimental data. ▸

The Application Research on the TD-LTE Technology in Military

TD-LTE technology can be introduced to improve the performance of military wireless communication system greatly for its better capability of broadband transmission while existing military wireless communication network cannot meet with the increase and further requirements of military task types. The technical characteristics and advantages of TD-LTE are analyzed, the problem of security, anti-jamming and mobility which are to be solved if TD-LTE technology applied in military are mainly studied, and the technical solutions are given.

A Regulative Arithmetic on the Contingency Communication in the Damaged Military Communication Network

Military communication network plays a very important role in modern warfare, so it is inevitably damaged by the adversary. In this paper, basing on the condition of the military communication network having been damaged, the demand of regulating the capabilities of some lines in the damaged network was first discussed. Then, according to this demand, the thought of regulating the capabilities of some key lines in the damaged network was explained. Finally, the main steps of a regulative arithmetic was presented. A calculated example indicates that the regulative arithmetic is with simplicity and practicality.

군 통신망 응용서비스를 위한 트래픽 클래스 분류 방법

군 통신망 응용서비스들을 위한 트래픽 클래스 분류는 NCW (Network Centric Warfare)를 위한 망자원의 효과적인 관리를 제공하기 위한 주요 요구 조건들 중의 하나이다. 많은 표준들과 기관들에서 트래픽 클래스 구분을 제시하고 있으나, 상용 서비스에 초점이 맞추어져 있고 군 특성을 반영하지 못하고 있다. 더욱이 다양한 군 통신 응용서비스들이 제시되고 있으나, 트래픽 분류에 대한 불분명한 기준에 의하여 기관들마다 서로 다른 분류가 이루어지기도 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Y.1541을 기반으로 하는 다양한 상용 표준들과 DoD (Department of Defense)의 제안을 기반으로 군 통신 응용서비스에 트래픽 클래스를 부여하고 전달요구 조건을 설정하기 위한 방법론을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 기존 상용 표준들에서 분류한 트래픽 클래스 체계와 DoD 와 FCS (Future Combat System)에서 제시한 군 응용트래픽 클래스 체계를 대상으로 하여 타당성을 검증하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 기존의 또는 새로운 군 통신 응용서비스에 대하여 기계적이고 일관된 트래픽 클래스 부여가 가능하여, 한정된 군 통신 네트워크 자원을 효과적으로 운용하도록 하는 데에 기여가능 할 것으로 기대한다. Traffic classification for application services in military communication networks is one of the core requirements to provide efficient resource management for NCW operations. Though several standards and organizations provided their own traffic classification methods, the methods have been mainly focused on commercial services, but not reflected military specifics. In addition, though various military application services have been emerged, some of those services have been classified into different traffic classes due to implicit criteria for the classification among organizations. In this paper, we propose a methodology to classify traffic classes and to determine delivery requirements for military application services based on various standards by DoD as well as several commercial standards based on Y.1541. The validation of the proposed methodology was carried out by comparing the results by proposed one with the traffic classification suggestions by existing commercial standards, DoD and FCS. We expect that the proposed methodology can contribute to achieve efficient operations of limited military network resources, since the proposed method can provide systematic and consistent way to assign traffic classes for new and existing military applications services.

Energy Efficient Military Mobile Base Station Placement

This research deals with an energy efficient network for military mobile base station placement. The proposed method is based on minimizing the energy loss of military communication networks where the base station is moving along a preset path and the users are constantly moving in an independent speed and direction. It takes into account the free space loss and the knife edge effect for the energy loss to establish a path weight for the shortest path model. Then, it evaluates the neighboring points to the base station for the energy loss of the network in order to find the position at which the minimum energy loss occurs. The results show a clear energy saving advantage when compared to Lloyd-Max’s method.

Performance Analysis of a Master/Slave Switched Ethernet for Military Embedded Applications

Current military communication network is a generation old and is no longer effective in meeting the emerging requirements imposed by the next-generation military embedded applications. A new communication network based upon Full Duplex Switched Ethernet is proposed in this paper to overcome these limitations. To allow existing military subsystems to be easily supported by a Switched Ethernet network, our proposal consists in keeping their current centralized communication scheme by using an optimized master/slave transmission control on Switched Ethernet thanks to the Flexible Time Triggered (FTT) paradigm. Our main objective is to assess the performance of such a proposal and estimate the quality-of-service we can expect in terms of latency. Using the Network Calculus formalism, schedulability analysis are determined. These analysis are illustrated in the case of a realistic military embedded application extracted from a real military aircraft network, to highlight the proposal's ability to support the required time constrained communications.

Military communications

Since its introduction in the late 1990s, the concept of network-centric operations to enable information sharing has been a fundamental element of the vision of military organizations throughout the world. As the complexity of operational environments increases, military communications network technologies must provide key characteristics such as self-organization and decentralization, which will speed information flow and increase situational awareness. In addition, given the rapid evolution of commercial communications network technologies, and the applications and services that utilize them, military organizations are increasingly looking at adopting commercial communications technologies where practical. This is especially true in the mobile wireless communications that are at the heart of tactical military operations and have seen such rapid adoption in the commercial space. The five articles that make up this year's Feature Topic on Military Communications provide an excellent overview of these trends in military communications - increasing dependence on advanced technologies and leveraging of commercial technology where possible.

Using web services to realize service oriented architecture in military communication networks

The principles of network enabled capability highlight the need for seamless information exchange. The service oriented architectural paradigm has been recognized as one of the key enablers to achieve this. At the same time, Web services have become the de facto standard for implementing service oriented architecture. However, these technologies have been developed for environments with abundant data rates, environments which are very different from military tactical networks. In this article, we present possible solutions and remaining challenges on the way toward also realizing service oriented architecture on the tactical level. Our goal is to make it possible to take advantage of the benefits promised by this architectural paradigm at all military levels, ranging from strategic to tactical networks.

Network layer performance of a satellite network with dynamic link‐layer resource allocation

AbstractFuture packet switched military satellite communication networks are being designed with dynamic resource allocation on the up‐ and down‐links in order to efficiently utilize the limited Radio Frequency (RF) resources. The resource allocation algorithms must be designed to achieve good system efficiency and user performance in addition to optimizing link‐layer efficiency. An OPNET simulation environment is used to model and evaluate system performance for a satellite network with dynamically provisioned up‐ and down‐links under dynamic traffic and channel variations. Link‐layer resource allocation algorithms are developed and performance is evaluated in terms of application layer throughput, loss, delay, and jitter as well as system resource utilization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.