Military Background Research Articles

Military, Work, and Health Characteristics of Separated and Active Service Members From the Study for Employment Retention of Veterans (SERVe)

The Study for Employment Retention of Veterans (SERVe) is focused on improving the health, well-being, and employment retention of military service members who are now civilian employees. The SERVe sample was comprised of employed post 9/11 service members who represent 3 categories of service members: (a) separated active duty service members (n = 235), (b) separated National Guard/Reservists (NG/R; n = 171), and (c) actively drilling NG/R (n = 87). We did not include currently serving full-time active duty military because they are not represented in the current civilian workforce, which is the focus of SERVe. Survey responses reflecting a description of military, work, and support characteristics, as well as physical and psychological health indicators, were collected from a total of 493 employed service members from 35 organizations. Separated and active service members had similar military backgrounds and reported similar work characteristics. However, there were significant differences in social support and health indices, such that separated veterans reported less support and worse physical and psychological health on many indicators compared to active NG/R. This study of employed service members is among the first to examine and show significant health and well-being differences between those who separated from military service and those still serving in the NG/R.

Создание Третьей Бригады Легионов Польских. Обстоятельства создания и обзор снаряжения = Sozdaniye Tret'yey Brigady Legionov Pol'skikh. Obstoyatel'stva sozdaniya i obzor snaryazheniya

The aim of this work is not be exhaustive, but merely a subjective show the history of military formations existing in the years 1915-1917 he was the Third Brigade of the Polish Legions. On the basis of archival materials and scientific literature the author presents the constitution of the unit, which played an important role in the struggle for Polish independence in the First World War. The work is presented in both aspects of the purely military and political background related to the struggle for Polish Legions character. Initially, the author puts forward for consideration a preliminary reflection. Then present the formation of Polish organization of shooting in Galicia. In the next part discusses the circumstances surrounding the creation and the beginnings of the Polish Legions and the genesis of the Third Brigade of the Polish Legions. At the end of the focuses its attention on uniforms and equipment Legions.

WICS Model’s Impact Upon Successful Military Leaders

Abstract What does actually define successful leadership? We all know that one of the fundamental principles of the inter-personal connections represents the similarity reasoning - which means that we are attracted to people like ourselves. Applying this principle to the military organizational background, it can be observed that former leaders who occupy a decision-making position in an organization seek for future appointed leaders with similar ideas and competencies. This can only be achieved through a profound process of individual evaluation, based on the standardization in the military. Nevertheless, it has been frequently demonstrated that standardized tests may not properly dignify the leader’s skills. Therefore, we can avoid being deprived of our personal aptnesses by expanding our knowledge in the matter of successful leading skills through accepting and implementing innovative leadership perspectives such as the one WICS model presents. The abbreviated model involves the harmonious transposition of specific components that define successful leaders through the synthesis of the intelligence, creativity and wisdom.

Peculiarities of Ukrainian-British Diplomatic Relations During the Ukrainian Revolution (1917-1921)

This article analyzes the foreign policy of Great Britain to Ukraine in 1917-1921 years. Features of relations between England and the Ukrainian governments during national liberation movement are shown. The impact of Great Britain on the political formation and the development of Ukrainian statehood is revealed International, political and military background of the Ukrainian-British rapprochement in revolutionary days is clarified . It is indicated that an important factor shifted foreign policy orientation towards the Entente was the participation of the Ukrainian delegation under the leadership of I. Korostovetzin in the conference of Entente states in Iasi in early November 1918. It is established that interest in Ukraine and its struggle for statehood was shown by foreign diplomats accredited to the government of UРR. Consular offices of the Entente (including Great Britain) and neutral states continued their activities in Ukraine. It is shown that Great Britain and other Entente powers ignored the legitimate right of the Ukrainian people for national independence and the unity of its lands.

Consultants with Military Background

The smallest of the nation's uniformed armed services, the United States Coast Guard's basic missions relate to maritime safety, mobility, and security; national defense, and natural resources protection. It is responsible for enforcement of maritime laws and marine environmental pollution response. The Coast Guard offers many career opportunities for enlisted personnel, including Marine Science Technician (MST). MSTs conduct marine-safety activities such as investigating pollution incidents and monitoring pollution clean-ups. Possible scientific duties include responding to oil and hazardous-materials spills, observing and forecasting weather. An increasing number of civilian employers are becoming more aware of the unique strengths former military personnel can bring with them to a consultant position. A consultant is someone who has expertise in a specific area or areas and offers unbiased opinions and advice for a fee. There are many reasons why the private and public sector need consultants for problem solving. One very important reason; Government regulatory compliance. Government regulations at all levels are constantly changing, and companies are frequently not prepared or trained to comply. Consultants may be retained to provide expertise to assist a company in complying economically, efficiently, and with the least amount of trauma to the organization. They can also be hired to provide in-house training to keep staff informed of new management and supervisory techniques or technical knowledge and to improve employee safety. Successful consultants often possess certain attributes. They can be identified with good physical and mental health, professional etiquette and courtesy, stability of behavior and self-confident. In addition to these skills, here are two military-related attributes that most companies find attractive and will help any organization simplify the task at hand. Loyalty to the Team. Military personnel bring with them an intrinsic understanding of how loyalty adds to team proficiency and builds trust in a work environment. For business leaders looking to make an improvement in their company, military personnel often outperform other candidates as proven team players, as demonstrated by hard work, motivation, and dedication. Reliable Work Ethic. Knowing the importance of adhering to a schedule and consistently performing well at work demonstrates professional maturity. One of the most difficult challenges to hiring professionals is being able to accurately judge candidates in these areas. Through service, training, and lifestyle, former military personnel will typically have the work ethic that any business owner would be thrilled to replicate in all of the organization's employees.

Fellow Athletes or Fellow Soldiers? συναθλέω in Philippians 1.27 and 4.3

There is no agreement between interpreters as to whether the verb συναθλέω in Phil. 1.27 and 4.3 presupposes an athletic or a military metaphor. Given that first-century athletes were unlikely to compete as a team, the prefix συν- often puzzles those who interpret συναθλέω as an athletic term, and it is also one of the reasons why others opt for a military background. While the use of the verb alone does not provide any certainty as to the presupposed imagery, in this article I argue that the presence of the prefix συν- does not preclude athletics as a plausible option. Even though team sports were not part of official athletic contests, based on epigraphic evidence I suggest that, in spite of fierce competition, there may have existed a sense of fellowship between ancient athletes in the Roman period. In addition, it is likely that it was enhanced by the existence of a ‘worldwide’ athletic association.

Military top executives and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from China

This study, conducted in the context of China, investigates how the military experience of top executives influences their corporate philanthropy. Using a data set of 12,437 firm-year observations from China’s A-share firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2004 and 2013, we found that firms run by military top executives significantly donate less than those led by non-military top executives. Moreover, the reduction effect of military experience on corporate philanthropy is found to be more pronounced for firms located in regions with less developed markets, especially when firms’ chairmen have military background. This may be because military top executives are reluctant to illegitimately use corporate philanthropy due to a strong sense of ethics gained from their military service experience. These results are robust after adopting the propensity score matching (PSM) method to tackle the potential sample selection bias. Our findings provide a new interpretation of military experience and have important implications for understanding corporate philanthropy in China and in emerging markets in general.

La "praefectura fabrum", i "collegia fabrum" ed un prefetto tergestino

Since the book that H. Maue devoted to the praefectura fabrum in 1887, the relationship between the post of ‘prefect of the engineers’ and the collegia fabrum has been a matter of scholarly discussion. The debate hinges on two inscriptions concerning L. Papirianus, praefectus fabrum Romae et Tergeste, and on the widely held belief that there were (at least) two different kinds of praefectura fabrum: a military post awarded by imperium-holding magistrates to individuals with a military background, and a command over the collegia fabrum, assigned by the emperor to the members of the civic elites recruited across the Empire. The scholarly view that juxtaposed the praefectura fabrum with the collegial magistracies was intended to solve the puzzle of the role of the praefectura under the Principate, when it was often associated with prominent municipal careers. This interpretation, however, is untenable for a number of reasons: notably the different institutional nature of the praefectura fabrum and the praefectura collegii fabrum, and the picture conveyed by the epigraphic evidence for both posts. This paper offers a re-examination of the available documentation, and proposes a new interpretation of the Papirianus inscriptions.

Abuse or Reuse? Attitude of „Private Owners” Towards Public Space in Late Antiquity

The Late Antique roman-byzantine society is a constantly changing world. A new political and military background also calls for economic, social and cultural changes. In such an instable world the abuse was inevitable. The existing historical research focused mainly on the abuses of public authorities and even on imperial abuses. This paper is a research on the abuse of private owners against the public property. Using archaeological and historical evidences there had been identified two kinds of abuses: invasion of the public property and the use of spolia. This paper is divided in two parts, analysing those two kinds of abuses. The main primary sources which the author used in this paper were the laws combined in the Theodosian Code and also in the Iustinian Code which showed us the perspective of state regarding the abuse of private owners who affected the integrity of the public domain. Studying them we came to the conclusion that the state failed to stop those abuses and ended up by accepting these behaviours. This new kind of attitude of individuals toward urban landscape may show us a new perspective of how the „city” is understood. The consequence of this new behaviour is dramatic for the image of urban landscape in Late Antiquity.

ARMY AND SOCIETY IN ISRAEL: PAST, PRESENT AND VECTORS OF THE FUTURE

Israel is largely considered to be a nation greatly marked by the vital role of the military that ensures the very existence of the state whose independence is something that most of the neighboring nations in the Middle East region still cannot accept. Naturally, the Israeli political elite is traditionally believed to be made up of mostly retired high-ranking military personnel. However, that view has nothing to do with the actual strategic and political reality. Over the last forty years, the Israel Defense Forces have not been involved in any war against foreign states and their regular armies, and due to various circumstances, one in two Israeli citizens does not actually serve in the military. Currently, the Israeli government officials maintain unprecedentedly stable and cooperative ties both with their American and Russian counterparts. The main threat to the national security is no longer a full-scale war but rather the terrorist activity perpetrated by illegal, mostly (but not exclusively) Islamist armed guerilla groups. High-ranking military personnel are still highly regarded in the Israeli society, though their social status has lowered dramatically in the recent years. Only one of the ten incumbent members of the Security Cabinet turns out to be a retired General Staff member who still happens to hold a civilian office within the government; moreover, none of the possible candidates for prime minister has an advanced military background.

Conflict and compatibility

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze perspectives of law enforcement officers with combat deployment experience, other military background, and no military service regarding the meaning, relevance, and consequences of the military model of policing. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from an online survey of police officers throughout a rural Northern New England state. A t-test compared the difference of means on 25 items measured as military attributes and as relevant to policing and an ANCOVA analysis examined the relationship between military service status and the meaning, relevance, and consequences of the military model. Findings Officers gave statistically lower ratings to the relevancy than they did to the military character of most of 25 stipulated attributes of the military model, particularly the use of force, but indicated that the military model had positive consequences on both police personnel and the community. There were few differences between officers of different military background regarding the meaning, relevance, and consequences of the military model. However, significantly different ratings given to empowerment of those at lowest levels, to the relevancy of military leadership, and to the effects of military organization and style on the ability to deal with stress were largely attributable to those with combat deployment experience. Originality/value This is the only study to use more accurate measures of the relevance of the military model and to empirically examine how police officers themselves, particularly with different military service background, evaluate constituent aspects of the military model.

David Graeme Sinclair

David Graeme Sinclair was a big man in many ways. Standing 6’5” and with a military background of more than 16 years, he had a commanding physical presence. Having grown...

Changing Uniforms

Most academic attention regarding military influence on policing has focused on critiques of the military model of policing and police militarization and has neglected to examine the relationship between the two institutions and the transferability of attributes and skills from the military to police. Military service itself, when examined, has been treated as an undifferentiated concept that has not distinguished the effects of organizational structure, leadership, and myriad roles and experiences on policing. This study, using data from a survey of law enforcement officers throughout a New England state, compares and analyzes how law enforcement officers and supervisors with and without military background and with and without deployment experience differ in their perspectives regarding both the positive as well as negative aspects of combat deployment on policing. As such, it has significant implications for both the reintegration and recruitment of combat-deployed veterans into police organizations.

Why do they serve? Changes and differences in motives of Danish soldiers deployed to peace-keeping and peace-enforcing missions

This paper investigates what motivates young people to volunteer for peace-keeping or peace-enforcing missions and how their motives change between pre- and post-deployment. Data include information about social and military background, and motives for more than 600 soldiers, 444 of whom answered the survey both before and after deployment. Soldiers are deployed to different missions under the same circumstances. To conceptualize motives among soldiers, we use factor analysis and find three factors: challenge, self-benefit, and fidelity. Challenge represents an occupational orientation; fidelity, an institutional orientation; and self-benefit, a desire for adventure. Exploiting the within-subject design of our data, we find that pre- and post-deployment motives vary significantly according to the type of mission and soldiers’ previous experiences (first-timers or experienced soldiers). Our results suggest that after the mission, peace-keepers are generally more disappointed than peace-enforcers. Our results also show that self-benefit motives are important for younger soldiers with only a high school education, and that this group usually serves as peace-enforcers during their gap year.

Charles Lee: Self Before Country

Charles Lee: Self Before Country

Are Inmates With Military Backgrounds “Army Strong?”

We use data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities 2004 to examine the relationship between prior military service and misbehavior for a nationally representative sample of incarcerated inmates. Our regression analyses, based on 18,185 respondents across 326 prisons, suggest that inmates with military backgrounds tend to fare better than others across 12 negative prison outcomes. In contrast, we do not find much support for the argument—implied by violentization and other theories—that inmates with military backgrounds fare worse than others, with the exception of high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and violent victimization. Supplementary analyses also show conditional patterns based on exposure to combat as well as honorable versus dishonorable discharge.

Are Belgian military students in medical sciences better educated in disaster medicine than their civilian colleagues?

IntroductionHistorically, medical students have been deployed to care for disaster victims but may not have been properly educated to do so. A previous evaluation of senior civilian medical students in...

Military Top Executives and Corporate Philanthropy: Evidence from China

This study, conducted in the context of China, investigates how the military experience of top executives influences their corporate philanthropy. Using a data set of 12,437 firm-year observations from China’s A-share firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2004 and 2013, we found that firms run by military top executives significantly donate less than those led by non-military top executives. Moreover, the reduction effect of military experience on corporate philanthropy is found to be more pronounced for firms located in regions with less developed markets, especially when firms’ chairmen have military background. This may be because military top executives are reluctant to illegitimately use corporate philanthropy due to a strong sense of ethics gained from their military service experience. These results are robust after adopting the propensity score matching (PSM) method to tackle the potential sample selection bias. Our findings provide a new interpretation of military experience and have important implications for understanding corporate philanthropy in China and in emerging markets in general.

Maneuvering Route Safety Planning for Military Vehicles during Wartime

Maneuvering route planning for the military vehicles during wartime is a noteworthy problem in the field of military transportation. Existing research paid little attention to security of vehicles, which we consider as a non-ignorable aspect with the military background. Based on scenarios, we build a k-th shortest paths planning model aiming at vehicles safety improving. A genetic algorithm with specific encoding rules is proposed. And two groups of computational experiments based on the real road network of Fujian, China are performed. The results of the experiments show this is an effective algorithm to improve the vehicles’ safety during maneuvering.

The Suez crisis: A new start for Italian foreign policy?

In the mid-1950s, Italy was seeking greater political autonomy from the United States and the Atlantic Alliance with regard to the Mediterranean Sea and the Middle East. This foreign policy approach took the name of 'Neo-Atlanticism,' a term invented by Giuseppe Pella in 1957. Under this framework, Italy tried to extend its political, economic, and cultural influence in the Middle East, relying on good relations with the Arab countries and the fact that it had not operated as a colonial power. The Suez crisis in 1956 represented the turning point in Italian foreign policy: the Italian government sought to play an active role in the controversy, presenting itself as the most credible and reliable mediator and aiming to enhance its international profile. However, Italy's willingness to present itself as a medium power was not supported by a sufficiently strong economic, political, or military background. Moreover, internal rifts and personal rivalries within the ruling government party, the Christian Democracy, as well as growing discontent among Italy's Western partners, made Italy reconsider its position with regard to the Suez crisis.