Mild Steel Samples Research Articles

Influence of direct current (DC) on hardness of weld stainless steel coating – A model for mild steel repair

This paper presents the effects of TIG direct current (DC) on the hardness of mild steel samples coated with stainless steel. The coating was undertaken using TIG welding using stainless steel welding rods. The hardness of the coated samples was analyzed using a Digital Rockwell hardness Tester. The hardness test was carried out across the coated samples from the substrate to the coating region. The data obtained when hardness was measured is presented and discussed in this article. The relationship between DC welding current and hardness is also discussed. From the results, the hardness of the coated samples increased from the substrate towards the coating surface. It was also shown that hardness and DC current of the TIG system exhibit an inverse relationship.

Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel Coated with Phthalimide-Functionalized Polybenzoxazines

Herein, we synthesized two new phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomers, pPP-BZ and oPP-BZ, through Mannich reactions of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (pPP) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (oPP), respectively, with p-toluidine and paraformaldehyde. The structures of these two monomers were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to study the polymerization behavior and thermal stability of the monomers and their corresponding polybenzoxazines. Poly(pPP-BZ) and poly(oPP-BZ) were formed on mild steel (MS) through spin-coating and subsequent thermal curing polymerization. We used various corrosion testing methods to examine the effect of the curing temperature on the corrosion resistance of the coated MS samples in 3.5 wt.% aqueous solution of NaCl. Among our tested systems, the corrosion rate reached a low of 2.78 µm·Y−1 for the MS coated with poly(pPP-BZ)180 (i.e., the coating that had been cured at 180 °C); this value is much lower than that (4.8 µm·Y−1) reported for a maleimide-based benzoxazine compound (MI-Bz)/33 wt.% ACAT (amine-capped aniline trimer) blend. Thus, the incorporation of the imide functional group into the PBZ coatings is an effective strategy for affording high-performance corrosion resistance.

Construction of a high-potency anti-corrosive metal-organic film based on europium (III)-benzimidazole: Theoretical and electrochemical investigations

A series of unique metal–organic films (MOFs) with excellent corrosion protection properties were constructed over the mild steel (MS) surface through covalent bonding between the benzimidazole (BM) molecules and europium (Eu) cations. The corrosion resistance of the MS samples protected by BM:Eu film was evaluated by electrochemical and morphological approaches in 3.5% NaCl solution. The interactions between BM and Eu were investigated by Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Also, the π-π*/n-π* electro-transitions in the BM:Eu molecules in NaCl solution were proved by the UV–Vis technique. The FE-SEM images and GIXRD spectra showed the BM:Eu film deposition over the MS surface. Besides, in the presence of BM:Eu the amount of iron oxide drastically decreased. The Tafel curves demonstrated the mixed corrosion inhibition mechanism of the BM:Eu mixture on MS surface in saline solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis results evidenced about corrosion inhibition efficiency of about 97% for the MS sample subjected to the 3.5% NaCl solution containing 200:600 ppm BM:Eu inhibitors. In addition, the theoretical insights including quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular dynamics (MD) computations, supported the adsorption of europium/benzimidazole molecules on the MS adsorbent.

Pyrrolidine-based quaternary ammonium salts containing propargyl and hydrophobic C-12 and C-16 alkyl chains as corrosion inhibitors in aqueous acidic media

A new series of industrially relevant pyrrolidine based quaternary ammonium salts containing propargyl motif and hydrophobic C-12, C-16 alkyl chains were synthesized in excellent yields and evaluated for mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl. FT-IR, NMR, and TGA were analyzed to characterize these corrosion inhibitors. The performance of these corrosion inhibitors was examined by gravimetric weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The surface morphology of mild steel samples was studied by UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results revealed that the inhibition capabilities of corrosion inhibitors N, N-dipropargylpyrrolidium bromide (DPPB), N-dodecyl, N-propargylpyrrolidium bromide (DDPPB), N-hexadecyl, N-propargylpyrrolidium bromide (HDPPB) are concentrations, immersion time and temperature-dependent, and found to be very good inhibitors even at a meager concentration of 60.3 μmol L−1 with an efficiency value 92.6, 93.7, and 96.2%, respectively. The inhibition efficiency order of these corrosion inhibitors, as shown by gravimetric and electrochemical studies, is as follows: HDPPB > DDPPB > DPPB. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from gravimetric weight loss, PDP, and EIS measurements are in good agreement. The thermodynamic parameters such as Ea, Kads, ΔG°mic, and ΔG°ads were determined. As compare to ΔG°mic, the more negative ΔG°ads values suggested favorable adsorption over the micellization. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of DPPB, DDPPB, and HDPPB were found to be 35.5, 31.8, and 30.0 mmol L−1. At CMC, the percent surface coverage was ≈90%, revealed that the monolayer formation by the inhibitor molecules at the metal/solution interface is almost complete before the concentrations reach their CMC values. Electrochemical studies suggested that corrosion inhibitors DPPB and DDPPB act as a mixed type with predominantly cathodic inhibitors, while HDPPB serves as a cathodic inhibitor. Surface analysis by UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, and XPS supported the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface. The DFT analysis is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained results on the molecular structure and adsorption strength.

Inverse analysis for simultaneous estimation of temperature dependent thermal properties of isotropic materials

In this article, an inverse analysis for simultaneous estimation of temperature dependent thermal conductivity (k(T)) and specific heat capacity (Cp(T)) of isotropic solids is presented. The unknown thermal properties are assumed a parametric variation with temperature and these parameters are then estimated from the solution of inverse problem. Pseudo-experimental temperature data are used to study the robustness of the present inverse parameter estimation solution strategy. Due to lack of sensitivity and existence of correlation among the unknown parameters, the solution to inverse problem is carried out with Levenberg–Marquardt, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and hybrid GA and it is found that hybrid GA is more suitable for this parameter estimation problem. The proposed inverse approach is also extended to real-time experiments involving heating of mild steel (MS) and stainless steel (SS304) samples with concentrated solar thermal energy source. The estimated constant k and Cp for MS are found to be 52.6 W/m-K and 507.24 J/kg-K respectively which are within 10% deviation from the literature data. Similarly, the estimated k and Cp of SS304 at 360 K are found to be 16.75 W/m-K and 512.7 J/kg-K with an absolute deviation of 6% and 4% respectively from literature data.

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion using Magnolia kobus extract in sulphuric acid medium

Magnolia kobus DC. (M. kobus), a prominent Southeast Asian flowering plant species, was investigated for its inhibition efficiency against mild steel corrosion in 1 M H2SO4. The extract (M. kobus) was identified to have 145.80 μg/g of myricetin and 102.32 μg/g syringic acid as prominent components, with a total phenolic content (TPC) of 95.26 mg/g and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 25.38 mg/g. The mass-loss measurements showed that 500 ppm of M. kobus extract was able to inhibit corrosion, with an efficiency of 95.01% at 303 ± 1 K. Reduction of dissolved iron content in the inhibited solution than in the inhibitor free solution observed in Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) revealed the corrosion mitigating effect of inhibitor on mild steel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis of the protected and unprotected mild steel samples indicate adsorption of M. Kobus on the electrode surface. UV–vis and FT-IR studies complement the above results. The electrochemical studies indicated that M. kobus functioned as a mixed-type indicator and myricetin along with other plant components present in the plant extract contributed to the inhibition process.

Facile and low-cost green synthesis of eco-friendly chitosan-silver nanocomposite as novel and promising corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in chilled water circuits

New promising samples of silver nanoparticles: (SNPs)-chitosan (CT) nanocomposite (NC) abbreviated as (SNPs-CTNC) have been synthesized and characterized using the novel green chemistry approach. All the synthesized formulations showed innovative corrosion inhibition for the mild steel samples in the cooling water system. The experimental conditions for the green synthesis of eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using chitosan (CT) biopolymer as both reducing and protecting coating agent for SNPs have been optimized. The synthesis route presented herein was performed by the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) by CT in an autoclave reactor vessel under 1 bar applied pressure at the reaction temperature of 120 °C and various contact time (2, 4, 8, and 16 h) between (AgNO3) and chitosan (CT). The four prepared samples of SNPs-CT NC have been abbreviated in terms of the reaction or the contact time as (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 16 h). The four SNPs-CT NC samples were characterized using: UV–Visible spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SNPs coated by chitosan biopolymer showed good antimicrobial activity, and have extremely fine particle size approaching that of the quantum dots nanoparticles. The particle size distribution of all the prepared nanocomposite samples lies around the nanometer scale range of 3–6 nm. The corrosion rate of the standard corrosion coupons of mild steel in the industrial chilled water in the absence and the presence of different concentrations of SNPs-CTNC samples were measured by the gravimetric method as well as the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and DC-potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The inhibition efficiency (%IE) of SNPs-CTNC achieved up to 97–98% at the concentration of 150 ppm SNPs-CTNC of all the prepared samples (from chemical gravimetric weight loss results). The inhibition efficiency (%IE) of the best performance SNPs-CTNC sample (8 h) showed inhibition efficiency above 80% at 100 ppm (as evident by the further electrochemical techniques: impedance and potentiodynamic polarization results). Both the inhibition efficiency and the antimicrobial activity of SNPs-CT NC samples remained unchanged on aging for twelve months storage where: The percent inhibition efficiency of all SNPs-CTNC samples remain above the percentage of 93% on aging for this relatively long storage time period, the sample 2 h showed the most constant inhibition efficiency (97.6% for the fresh prepared sample and 97.5% for the twelve months aged sample). In addition, the scanning electron (SEM) micrographs have been showed that: A clean and bright metal surface was maintained after the exposure to the chilled water in the presence of SNPs-CTNC along the immersion time of one year. The nanocomposite samples acted by spontaneous physisorption on the metal surface as indicated by the negative value of ΔG°adsorption (equals −18.002 kJ·mol−1). The adsorption data represented in the surface coverage (θ) were found to be linearly fitted well to Langmuir adsorption isotherm with positive and relatively large value of the binding equilibrium constant (K) (43.6) that represented the strong attraction forces between the adsorbed nanocomposite particles and the metal surface. The mode of the adsorption of these nanocomposite particles on the metal surface has been interpreted in terms of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged colloidal SNPs and the positively the charged metal surface.

Fabrication of hollow carbon spheres doped with zinc cations to enhance corrosion protection of organosilane coatings

Hollow carbon spheres (HCS) are spherical forms of carbon materials that can be used as nanocontainers due to their empty cores. In this work, zinc cations were doped in HCS (Zn@HCS) from an aquatic solution of zinc nitrate salt. Corrosion inhibition of released zinc cations in saline solution on bare mild steel samples was assessed by EIS, polarization, and electrochemical noise measurements. The sample surfaces were characterized through FTIR spectroscopy and grazing incidence XRD analyses after exposure to the test solutions. The results showed improvement in the corrosion resistance in the presence of Zn@HCS in a long immersion period. Zn@HCS were also incorporated in organosilane coating up to 5%. The EIS results showed a significant improvement in corrosion resistance of the samples at 2.5% wt. of Zn@HCS. FESEM and Raman mapping inspections of reinforced silane coatings approved morphological alteration of the coating surface in the form of severe heterogeneity and crack formation at 5% loading of Zn@HCS probably due to inappropriate nanocontainer dispersion.

Synthesis and characterization of highly hydrophilic self-associating terpolymers: Rheological, thermal, and corrosion protection studies

In this study, water-soluble terpolymers containing highly hydrophilic monomers of acrylamide and maleic anhydride and highly hydrophobic monomers of styrene were synthesized (ASM) through the one-step inverse emulsion polymerization. Protonnuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) were performed to investigate the chemical structures and structural transformations of ASM. Thermal stability and thermal decomposition steps of ASM were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An Ubbelhode capillary viscometer and a rheological mechanical spectrometer (RMS) were employed to obtain the specific, relative, and intrinsic viscosities and rheological properties of ASM solutions at different temperatures and in the presence of different concentrations of salts. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) test and the capillary viscometry method were utilized to obtain the molecular weight of ASM chains. The obtained results showed that the shear viscosity of ASM solutions increased by the increment of the temperature and salts’ concentration. Long-term thermal stability of the ASM solutions was assessed by an aging test in which long-lasting exposure endurance attained and the shear viscosity increased after the thermal aging due to the branching of ASM chains through ring-opening anhydride reactions. Corrosion protection properties of mild steel samples immersed in terpolymer solutions before and after aging at 150 °C were studied via the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests. Corrosion protection properties of solutions were enhanced after the thermal aging. The inhibition efficiency of ASM and thermally aged ASM (A/ASM) were obtained ~52% and ~94%, respectively.

Efficient selection of independent components for inspection of mild steel sample using infrared thermography

Non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) plays a vital role in industrial quality control and structural health monitoring. Among various NDT&E approaches, infrared thermography plays a crucial role due to its merits such as fast, remote, safe, and easy to implement in testing and evaluation of various materials. This Letter presents the statistical post-processing approach for pulse compression favourable frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for inspection of mild steel samples having flat bottom hole defects. Furthermore, a detailed analysis has been carried out using independent component analysis and provides insight for choosing the number of independent components and number of eigenvalues to be retained in the whitening procedure.

Guest Editorial: Non‐Destructive Testing

Guest Editorial: Non‐Destructive Testing

Comparison of Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel Used in Nigeria

The paper presents the study of carburization of two samples of mild steel from Nigerian Spanish Engineering Limited (NSE) and Top Steel Nigeria Limited (TL) in Ikorodu Lagos, there heat treatment, that consists of annealing, tempering, normalizing and hardening process and the mechanical properties. The paper was aimed at investigating the mechanical properties and the impact strength of the heat-treated mild steel samples after carburizing, the two samples undergoes carburization within a temperature range of 850-950°C, then quenching process of different quenching method. After quenching all the samples, they undergo mechanical test (Yield Strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation) using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and impact strength. The heat treatment result shows a superior improvement on the mechanical properties of the two samples than As Received that shows more ductility toughness and strengths. From the observed result the mechanical properties of the two mild steels samples were found to be influenced by the carburization, whereby NSE present better result than TL with almost 15-20%. Conclusively, heat treatment process increases the mechanical properties of the mild steel, which gives a better construction when using the carburized mild steel.

Encapsulation of toxic heavy metals from waste CRT using calcined kaolin base-geopolymer

Hazardous materials like barium and lead present in discarded Cathode Ray Tubes, CRT's, may represent a big problem to the environment if they are not properly disposed. In the present study, solidification/stabilization of crushed waste CRT (CRT glass particles), through a calcined kaolin base-geopolymer as metal-immobilizer is presented. Two different compositions of raw materials using 5, 10, and 20% wt of CRT glass particles were studied. The geopolymers were analyzed by XRD, SEM, TG-DTA/DSC, FTIR, leaching tests. The microhardness of coatings on mild steel was tested. The results and the differences in properties are explained based on the microstructure evolution of the geopolymer with CRT glass particles. The results showed that low alkaline medium was effective in the encapsulation of toxic heavy metals from the CRT glass even though they were used as coatings on mild steel samples.

Probability of detection of deep defects in steel samples using Barker coded independent component thermography

Barker coded independent component thermography (BCICT) approach known for exploiting the pulse compression properties with independent component analysis method was used to examine a mild steel sample with drilled flat-bottomed holes at various depths. This Letter emphasises the application of the probability of detection (POD) as a predictive assessment tool for the efficacy of the different methods to detect the defects at varying depths. The results exhibited that the aspect ratio of the deep defect r 90 with 90% POD and r 90 / 95 for 90% POD with 95% confidence that can be detected using the BCICT approach are 3.161 and 3.835, respectively. Besides, a relation between the POD of the defect at different depths as a feature of the defect aspect ratio (diameter/depth) has also been presented.

Experimental studies on corrosion inhibition performance of acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone for mild steel in HCl complemented with DFT investigation

AbstractThe University of Technology in Baghdad addresses problems related to the corrosion of metals. In the present investigation, a thiophene derivative, namely, 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone (2-AT), was synthesized and examined as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a 1-M hydrochloric acid environment by using weight loss and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The inhibition efficiency of this inhibitor increases with increase in concentration, which offered an inhibition efficiency up to 96%. It was found that the inhibition efficiency decreases with long immersion time. The temperature effect on the inhibition performance was studied at various immersion times and revealed that the inhibition efficiency decreases with increasing temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of mild steel in the corrosive environment followed the Langmuir isotherm. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that the 2-AT molecules confirmed the presence of a protective layer on the surface of a mild steel sample. The density-functional theory as a quantum modeling technique which is used to study the electronic structure reveals that the obtained findings were found to be consistent with the experimental results.

Electrochemical Characterization of the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Saline Following Mechanical Deformation

Upgrading the corrosion properties of metallic materials has been the dream of many corrosion experts and material scientists. The present study investigated the influence of mechanical deformation by rolling process on the corrosion behavior of mild steel through an electrochemical process in a chloride-containing environment at room temperature. The microstructures before and after rolling and corrosion tests were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mild steels were first subjected to cold rolling with approximately 30% rolling reduction, and the corrosion resistance of both the unrolled and rolled samples was then determined. The polarization results revealed that the rolled mild steel sample possessed a corrosion potential of −0.118 V, reduced corrosion current density of 0.133 mA/cm2, higher impedance, and phase angle maximum. The grain refinement and the surface roughness are related to the deformation and corrosion mechanisms.

Preparation, characterization and anticorrosion behavior of Poly(o-anisidine)-SiO2 nanocomposites on mild steel

Polymers have exhibited a promising ability for the corrosion protection of metals. In the present study, poly(o-anisidine) (POA) nanoparticles and its nanocomposites with silicon dioxide (SiO2) like POA/SiO2 containing different compositions content of SiO2 (5%, 10% & 15% w/w) were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization. FT-IR spectra of POA/SiO2 composites indicate the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles in the polymer nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies was showed more crystalline behavior of polymer nanocomposites and the particle grain size was calculated using Scherer’s formula and it was found to be within nano range. The surface morphology of the polymer composites were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the incorporation of silicon and oxygen in the polymer nanocomposites. Further the synthesized polymeric composites were introduced into acrylic resin and the polymer/SiO2/acrylic hybrid materials were applied on the surface of mild steel sample. The corrosion efficiency and corrosion rate of the polymer nanocomposites were calculated for mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution using Polarization curve and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

Evaluation of Lavandula mairei extract as green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution. Experimental and theoretical approach

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel sample in hydrochloric acid solution was examined via weight loss and electrochemical measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The use of Lavandula mairei Humbert extract (LM) as an eco-friendly inhibitor of mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl solution has significantly decreased MS corrosion rate. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of LM concentration up to 92% obtained at 303 K for a 0.4 g/ L concentration. The adsorption of LM inhibitor on the mild steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Anodic Tafel slope digression and continuous CR lessening with the LM extract concentration increase, has validated the limited dissolution of mild steel. Theoretical approaches based on chemical quantum calculations and molecular dynamics simulation clearly explains the mode of adsorption of the majority molecule on the metal surface.

Assessment of lignin as a carbon source in intumescent coatings containing polyaniline

Lignin, a vegetable compound, is the second most abundant biorenewable and biodegradable polymer in nature. In this study, the addition of this compound to paints containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite as pigments was investigated to improve the fire protection performance of intumescent coatings. The combination of lignin with polyaniline (PANI) in the formulations was also evaluated, as previous studies have shown that PANI-based paints show promising results in intumescent coatings. For this purpose, the thermal protection of mild steel samples coated with these organic coatings was evaluated during a fire resistance test, with the sample exposed to a Bunsen torch. During the test, temperature data and thermography images for the steel surface were collected. The coatings were also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and microscale combustion calorimetry. It was found that all coatings formulated provided good fire protection to the steel substrate and the lignin could be a good option to replace nonrenewable sources in intumescent paints, since the sample coated with the paint containing 10 wt% lignin reached 230°C after 30 min of assay. In addition, when this compound was used in combination with PANI, the flame protection was even better. The best performance was observed for the paint formulated with combination of 10 wt% lignin and 10 wt% PANI-ES, whose metal substrate temperature was 170°C after 30 min of assay.

Construction of a unique anti-corrosion nanocomposite based on graphene oxide@Zn3PO4/epoxy; experimental characterization and detailed-theoretical quantum mechanics (QM) investigations

The highly crystalline zinc phosphate (ZnP) compounds were synthesized over the graphene oxide surface through one and two-steps in-situ methods (namely GO-ZnP I and II). FT-IR studies revealed that the CO peak weakened or completely removed in the GO-ZnP I, II samples. Raman spectroscopy results evidenced the higher ID/IG ratio for the unmodified GO than GO-ZnP I and II, confirming the zinc phosphate crystals growth on the GO surface. Results of XPS and Raman spectroscopy proved the GO-ZnP I and II crystals formation on the GO platelets. ICP analysis results depicted about 11.6 ppm and 10.7 ppm zinc ions presence in NaCl solution, evidencing the partial solubility of the GO-ZnP I and for GO-ZnP II particles. A smart self-healing nanocomposite coating with promising anti-corrosion effect and dual active/barrier functions was designed using GO-ZnP I and II nanosheets. EIS studies on mild steel samples exposed to the saline solutions containing GO-ZnP I and GO-ZnP II particles extract demonstrated inhibition efficiencies of about 76 and 69%, respectively. According to EIS analysis, the total resistance (Rt) values of 11480, 12048, 9105, and 7512 Ω·cm2 were recorded for the EP/GO-ZPII, EP/GO-ZPI, neat epoxy, and EP/GO samples, respectively, after 48 h of exposure to saline solution confirming the superior anti-corrosion performance of the scratched EP in the presence of GO-ZP particles. The GO-ZPII loaded epoxy matrix showed low-frequency impedance values greater than 1010 Ω·cm2 even after 39 days of exposure, indicating the superior barrier effect of the particles in the coating formulation. The EIS evaluation and accelerated salt-fog spray corrosion test results showed the effectiveness of GO-ZnP II and I composites (at 0.15 wt% loading) in epoxy coating active inhibitive/barrier performance promotion. Additionally, the theoretical density functional theory (DFT) results declared the zinc phosphate adsorption on the GO surfaces.