Mild Retardation Research Articles

DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM KEMANDIRIAN PERAWATAN DIRI ANAK RETARDASI MENTAL RINGAN DI SLB-C YKB GARUT

Self-care is one of the important things that must be obtained by children of mental retardation, but there are still many families who do not provide support, emotional, informational, appreciation, instrumental, and social. The purpose of this study is to find out how family support that can be given to children with mild mental retardation in self-care independence in SLB-C Garut Karya Foundation (YKB). This study uses quantitative descriptive method, the population of all parents who have mild mental retardation children in SLB-C YKB Garut as many as 39 people, the sampling technique is a total sampling of 39 respondents, data collection using a family support questionnaire, with the validity test results obtained the results of r count 0.975 ? r table 0.444, and the results of the reliability Alpha Cronbach 0.980. The analysis used is univariate to describe the types of family support. The results showed that family support in children with mild mental retardation related to self-care independence around (51.3%), and families who did not support as much (48.7%). In research conducted at SLB-C YKB Garut shows that most families support, both in emotional support, informational support, appreciation support, social support and instrumental support. Therefore, with good support can help children mentally retarded to increase their independence. Intervention from nurses as health workers is needed to provide education to parents related to the support that must be given to children with mild mental retardation, to increase their independence in self-care

Психодиагностика полового самосознания и установок межличностного взаимодействия в практике принудительного лечения больных с педофилией и коморбидными психическими расстройствами

This article presents the results of a study that assesses the dynamics of the parameters of sexual awareness in mentally sick patients (sexual criminals with pedophilia and comobrid mental disorders in the process of compulsory treatment). 52 patients were examined before and after the course of treatment (psychopharmacological effect combined with antiandrogens and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy); among which there are 32 subjects with heterosexual pedophilia, 11 subjects - with homosexual pedophilia, 9 subjects - with bisexual pedophilia; 22 subjects (43,3 %) diagnosed with schizophrenia, 18 subjects (34,6%) - with organic personality disorder, 12 subjects (23%) - with mild mental retardation. Methods used: “MiF” - a modified gender identity test; “TsTO” - “Color Test”; "Coding"; Vagner Test (a computer version of the HAND test) and the Drawing Test “Man. Woman. Child». The identified changes make it possible to detect actual targets for psychotherapeutic intervention and can be taken into account when determining the risk of recidivism and of patients’ danger degree.

Экспериментальное изучение особенностей морально-нравственных представлений и морально-нравственной регуляции поведения детей с интеллектуальной недостаточностью

The article focuses on the problem of development of moral sphere of personality of children with intellectual disability (mild mental retardation) in the context of development of their life competence. Personal outcomes are considered as one of the most important indicators of the formation of life competence. Particular attention is paid to the moral development of children with intellectual disability. The results of an experimental study of the characteristics of moral perceptions and behavior of younger students with mental retardation of 9-10 years old brought up in different conditions - family and institutional are presented. Students of a comprehensive school with a normotypic development were also involved. The sample was 76 people. A study was made of the moral position, and on this basis the prediction of one's own behavior and the behavior of others in solving moral dilemmas, as well as the actual behavior of the child in a situation of moral choice.

May solid food refusal and other non-specific neurological symptoms be an early symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency in complementary feeding period?

Aim: In this study, we showed an early symptoms of VB12 deficiency in infancy complementary feeding period (CFP) without hematologic findings. Vitamin B-12 (VB12) deficiency can result in severe neurological degeneration within the first year of life. In literature, symptoms of VB12 deficiency in infant were described with hematologic findings which were like a pernicious anemia. Material and Methods: A 104 of 1,848 mother-infant pairs admitted for well-child visits between January 2018 and December 2018 were included in the study. All babies were diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency. All baby-mother pairs were monitored during the CFP were included in the study. Overall, 83 mother who met the inclusion criteria and who agreed to participate in the study and their babies, were included in the study.Results: The cause of follow-up of these children was refusal to breastfeed and irritability in 21 infants (25.3%). There were 19 infants (22.9%) with solid food refusal, 16 infants (19.2%) with sleeping problems, and 16 infants (19.2%) with failure to thrive. In the remaining 11 infants (13.2%), there were mild hypotonia, microcephalia, vomiting, and growth retardation. The mean age for the development of these symptoms was 5.5 ± 1.7 months, while the mean age of being diagnosed with VB12 deficiency was 6.4±1.2 months. Conclusions: In this study, symptoms of VB12 deficiency without any hematological symptoms and not caused by other organic causes, and arising during the period of transition to complementary feeding, were demonstrated. Physician must be aware of early findings of VB12 deficiency before severe neurological findings and hematological sypmtoms.

Organization of learners’ with mild mental retardation educational activities in the process of working on an arithmetic problem in grades 1-4

Organization of learners’ with mild mental retardation educational activities in the process of working on an arithmetic problem in grades 1-4

The Association Between Ginseng and Mania: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Ginseng has long been used as a tonic and panacea, a dietary supplement, or a therapeutic agent in different countries. Among many common side effects for this herbal, the affective disorder is one of the rare ones. Case presentation and Intervention: We present a case of mania with psychotic features. The patient was an 18-year-old male who consumed Asian red ginseng for five months to treat his overweight. His physical examination was normal except for mild mental retardation. Mental status examination revealed increased psychomotor activity, anxious mood, unstable affect, irritability, aggression, pressured speech, grandiosity, auditory hallucinations, and persecutory delusions. After the admission, he was ordered to stop ginseng taking and supportive care and treatment with risperidone, lorazepam, and valproate sodium started. After 15 days, all symptoms were treated. Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of herbal and dietary supplements, physicians and health care providers should be concerned about the side effects of these products, such as mania and psychosis.

THE ACQUISITION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE BY STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY IN AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The aim of the research: to investigate development opportunities of the acquisition English by the students with intellectual disability of class 6 and 9 and to analyze results of research and work out conclusions. It was analyzed information from literature sources about the organization of the learning process for students with intellectual disability and the feature of teaching English to students with intellectual disability in the theoretical part of the research. The empirical part of this paper was conducted during a year (from May 2018 to May 2019). The participants in this study are nine males and females with mild retardation.

Findings from ACGH in patient with psychomotor delay-case report

Initial testing of children with psychomotor delays considers karyotype analysis and metabolic tests. However, introduction of Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (ACGH) has become the standard method of diagnostics worldwide. ACGH is a highly sensitive method which enables detection of unbalanced chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidies. In this case report, a patient is a sixteen year old girl born to unrelated parents with mild mental retardation and psychomotor delay, hyperacusis, epilepsy, silent nasal speech, clinodactyly of the V finger on left hand, as well as low set ears. Patient had a karyotype interpreted as normal using GTG band analysis. Array CGH was performed using Agilent SurePrint G3 custom CGH+SNP Microarray 8x60K (UCSC, hg19, NCBI Build 37, February,2009). Results were analyzed by CytoGenomics 3.0 Agilent software. Results of aCGH revealed clinically significant duplication of 17q25.1-q25.3 region with the size of~7.96Mb. Within the duplicated region 217 genes are present, of which 36 are described as OMIM morbid. Duplications of similar size are described in DECIPHER date base in patients with psychomotor delay, hyperactivity and neoplasm of CNS. Besides duplication, a ~755kb clinically significant deletion was detected in the 17q25.3 region. Deletion involves 18 genes of which 2 are described as OMIM morbid: TBCD (MIM604649) and ZNF750 (MIM610226). Patient with similar deletion was described in DECIPHER date base with notable psychomotor delay. Based on these results FISH analysis is recommended for both parents in order to determine the possible carrier of inversion in the region of 17qter.

Diagnostics of social self with younger schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities

Diagnostics of social self with younger schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities

Pathogenic Characteristics of a Porcine Astrovirus Strain Isolated in China.

Astroviral infection is considered to be one of the causes of mammalian diarrheal diseases. It has been shown that astrovirus infections cause varying degrees of diarrhea in turkeys and mice. However, the pathogenesis of porcine astrovirus is unknown. In this study, the virulence of a cytopathic porcine astrovirus (PAstV) strain (PAstV1-GX1) isolated from the PK-15 cell line was tested using seven-day-old nursing piglets. The results showed that PAstV1-GX1 infection could cause mild diarrhea, growth retardation, and damage of the villi of the small intestinal mucosa. However, all the above symptoms could be restored within 7 to 10days post inoculation (dpi). To evaluate the innate immunity response of PAstV in vivo, the alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression in piglets infected with PAstV1-GX1 was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mRNA expression levels of the IFNβ and ISG54 were found to be significantly elevated in virus-infected piglets. In contrast, expression of IFNλ was downregulated in piglets infected with PAstV1-GX1. In addition, the mRNA expression of the tight junction protein 1 and 2 and zonula occludin 1, which are associated with the intestinal barrier permeability, were affected after PAstV1 infection. The present study adds to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PAstV and has established an animal model for further study of pig astrovirus infection.

Integrated modeling and electrochemical study of Myrobalan extract for mild steel corrosion retardation in acidizing media

In the present study, the corrosion inhibitory impact of Myrobalan aqueous extract was investigated via several experimental (electrochemical and surface) and computer modeling (Monte Carlo (MC), molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT)) studies. Also, the functional groups of Myrobalan extract were characterized by UV–Vis and FT-IR techniques. Results provided by EIS analysis demonstrated 91% efficiency for 1 M HCl aggressive solution protected by 800 ppm Myrobalan extract. The Tafel polarization studies illustrated the suppression of the cathodic/anodic reaction in HCl medium filled with Myrobalan extract. Furthermore, SEM, AFM, and contact angle experiments were carried out for steel surface morphology investigations. The interactions between the inhibitor molecules and metal surface were investigated by different adsorption isotherm models. It is inferred the anti-corrosive molecules interacted with divalent iron cations following a Langmuir isotherm. Moreover, the results of computer modeling studies based on classical simulations and first-principles computations ensured the adsorption of extract molecules on the target metal substrate.

Eraser Rhinolith: A Case Report

Abstract- Nasal foreign bodies are usually received in otolaryngology practice. Although more frequently seen in pediatric patients, also they can affect adults, specifically those with mental retardation or any psychiatric problems. We presented an unusual case of the nasal foreign body, an eraser rhinolith in a 17-year-old boy with mild mental retardation presented with long-lasting nasal obstruction but no chronic infection or epistaxis. Computed tomography revealed a peripherally calcified sub-mucosal round mass in the left nasal cavity. After surgery, a round shape foreign body that looked like an eraser piece was removed from the nasal cavity. Rhinolith can present just with nasal obstruction. With properly diagnosed and appropriate surgery, all rhinoliths can be removed and complication of extraction can be minimized

Pendekatan Whole Word dan Strategi VAKT untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Fungsional Membaca dan Menulis Permulaan pada Anak dengan Retardasi Mental Ringan

This qualitative case study aimed to develop the functional reading and writing skills of mild mentally retarded children through whole word approach and VAKT strategy. The subject in this study was selected through the procedures of subject determination in qualitative research proposed by Sarantakos (1993, in Poerwandari 2005), namely: 1) not directed to the large number of participants but in typical cases according to the specificity of the research problem, 2) not directed to representation in terms of numbers or random events, but to context matches. Based on the above explanation, the researcher then determined the general criteria of the subjects / participants of the study as follows: 1) Subjects were children aged between 6-8 years old who were in kindergarten (group B) or elementary school (first grade or second grade), 2) subjects were children with mild mental retardation who have difficulty in developing functional reading and writing skills. Methods of data collection in this study were conducted through observation, interviews, and informal assessments, as well as documentation of field notes during data mining. Data analysis was performed by comparing the initial condition of the subject before stimulation implemented with the final condition of the subject after the stimulation completed. The results of data analysis indicated that the whole-word approach and VAKT strategy can be applied to develop the early functional reading and writing skills in children with mild mental retardation

Novel Missense ALDH3A2 Mutation in a Patient with Sjögren–Larsson Syndrome

AbstractAn 11-year-old boy presented with toe-walking, hyperkeratosis of the skin, dysarthric speech, and mild mental retardation. On neurological examination, mild fasciculation in the eyelids and bilateral end-point nystagmus were noted. Speech quality was dysarthric, muscle tone, strength, and deep tendon reflexes increased tone, reflexes, and mild weakness (4/5), and bilateral Babinski sign was noted in the lower extremities. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed a T2-signal increase in the right temporal lobe. Sjögren–Larsson syndrome based on clinical and neurological findings was confirmed with the identification of a homozygous c.983T˃C(p.Met328Thr) mutation in the ALDH3A2 gene; both parents were heterozygous for the same mutation.

Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD-II): A rare case report

Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD-II) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, post-natal growth deficiency and microcephaly. Individuals affected by this disease present at an adult height of less than 100 cm, a post-pubertal head circumference of 40 cm or less, mild mental retardation, an outgoing personality and skeletal dysplasia, renal, hematopoietic abnormalities, cerebral vascular anomalies (aneurysm and Moyamoya disease). It is an autosomal recessive syndrome with equal gender occurrence involving the DNA damage-response PCNT gene. Here is an interesting case report of a 15-year-old boy, who presented with growth failure since age of one year, noticed by his parents with history of low birth weight (1.5 kg), delayed developmental milestones, microcephaly, low IQ and difficulty in walking due to short left leg. He had bird like head with beaked nose, crowding of teeth and malocclusion. Complete blood picture and hormonal analysis are within normal range except low growth hormone, typical radiographic features including severe scoliosis and dislocation of hip correlated with MOPD-II. Growth hormone therapy was thought to be ineffective. Genetic counselling is important to prevent the occurrence of MOPD-II.
 Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 254-256

Mental and behavioral disorders in the population of homeless patients admitted to hospital emergency departments

Abstract The aim of the study is to identify the most common mental and behavioral disorders diagnosed in homeless patients admitted to hospital emergency departments and to identify performed medical procedures including diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this range. Material and Method:Data from information systems of three hospitals concerning stays of homeless people in ED in Bydgoszcz in 2013-2015 were analyzed. As any as 3133 stays were identified. The data was compiled using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and Statistica 10 statistical software package. Results: Diagnoses in the category of mental disorders and behavioral disorders constituted 23.3% of diagnoses made in the studied population, of which two thirds were psychiatric disorders and behavioral disorders caused by alcohol use. Specific personality disorders (5.84%), schizophrenia (3.82%), and mild mental retardation (2.24%) were diagnosed in patients. One tenth of all the ICD-9 procedures performed were the procedures of the category 94- Procedures related to mental condition Conclusions: Mental and behavioral disorders are one of the main reasons for admission of homeless people to hospital emergency departments. Most diseases is diagnosed in facilities where psychiatric consultation is possible, as well as where the number of procedures related to mental condition performed is the highest. Homeless patients suffering from mental and behavioral disorders are rarely admitted to hospital wards for hospitalization. Psychiatric care for homeless patients admitted to emergency departments is an ad hoc intervention and depends on the availability of a psychiatrist. Providing homeless patients with access to a psychiatric diagnosis at ED level would affect the quality of psychiatric care and would contribute to the improvement of mental health of homeless people.

Assessment of adaptation of infants born with different types mild intrauterine growth and development retardation

Objective. To estimate adaptation of an organism of the babies born with different types of light severity of a delay of pre-natal growth and development.
 Material and methods. 609 children are examined. Since the birth under observation 141 children, from them are born in the result of the complicated pregnancy and childbirth, including with asymmetric type of light severity of a growth inhibition and development of a fruit – 57 (Group 1a) and with symmetric – 15 (Group 1b) and without that – 69 (Group 2) from mothers with the burdened somatic and obstetric and gynecologic anamnesis. Children are full-term, mature, looked round in 1 (131), 3 (118), 6 (109), 12 (110 children) months. Outcome recording methods were a comprehensive case history analysis, physical examination, assessment of cardiointervalography and body adaptation to the environment. Distribution-free statistical analysis methods.
 Results. At children in Groups 1a and 1b satisfactory adaptation of an organism to conditions of the environment took place at the birth of 28. 07 and 26. 67%, in 1 month of 32. 69 and 35. 71%, in 3 months of 31. 11 and 25%, in 6 months of 51. 16 and 46. 15%, in 12 months of 48. 78 and 36. 36%. Tension and an overstrain of adaptation is recorded at 22. 81 and 40%, 36. 54 and 28. 57%, 33. 33 and 41. 67%, 30. 23 and 23. 04%, 19. 51 and 18. 18%. Unsatisfactory adaptation is defined at 42. 11 and 13. 33%, 21. 15 and 21. 43%, 24. 44 and 16. 67%, 11. 63 and 23. 04%, 21. 95 and 18. 18%. Failure of adaptation is revealed at 7. 02 and 20%, 9. 62 and 14. 29%, 11. 11 and 16. 67%, 6. 98 and 7. 69%, 9. 76 and 9. 09% of children respectively.
 Conclusion. Study of characteristics of body adaptation to the environment in the scientific community is a perspective area, and any practical application (starting with perinatal centres) of assessment of body adaptation to the environment with follow-up groups identification and further determination during critical periods of growth and development (outpatient monitoring) justify patient-specific approach to outpatient follow-up of infants born with different types of mild intrauterine growth and development retardation.

Pelatihan Membuat Karya Seni Mozaik untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Sosial Siswa Tunagrahita Kelas V SLB Negeri 2 Buleleng

This study aims to determine the social attitudes in participating in making mosaic artworks for fifth grade mental retardation students in SLB Negeri 2 Buleleng. This research is a qualitative research that describes the social attitudes of mentally retarded students in participating in the making of mosaic artwork. The population in this study were fifth grade students at SLB Negeri 2 Buleleng. The samples taken in this study were 7 students consisting of mild and moderate mental retardation. The method of data collection in this study using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate an increase in students' social attitudes seen from the average initial score obtained 37.1 and after training in making activities of mosaic arts in groups showed an average of 87.1.

Interactive Video Improve the Brushing Skills of Mild Mentally Disabled Students

Mentally disabled people have self-development skills that are useful to improve children’s independence and can reduce dependence on others. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of interactive video media on the brushing skills of mild mental retardation students. Research methods using QUASI experiment non-randomized with the approach of one group pretest and posttest design. The results showed that the use of interactive videos improved the brushing skills of mild mentally retarded students. Students with mild intellectual disabilities are encouraged to watch interactive videos of tooth brushing skills so that they can improve children’s independence.

METODE DRRILL DENGAN MEDIA SCRAPBOOK MENINGKATKAN KONSENTRASI BELAJAR PADA ANAK RETARDASI MENTAL

Background: One disorder in children with mental retardation is an affective function disorder which is associated with concentration of mind. This is one of the symptoms of aberration in children developments, which makes it difficult for the child to concentrate. Therefore, an intervention is needed that triggers an increase in the concentration of learning, that is the drill method with scrapbook media. Purpose: This research aims to determine the effect of the drill method with scrapbook media on increasing concentration in children with mental retardation in SLB-C Widya Bhakti Semarang. Methods: This research use Pre-Experimental one group pre and post-test without control group design. The study sample was 30 mild mental retardation children in SLB-C Widya Bhakti Semarang on 4 - 12 February 2019. The sampling technique use purposive sampling and analysis of data processing use the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of analysis using Wilcoxon test showed p value = 0.000 which proved that there were significant differences between before and after the treatment of the drill method with scrapbook media on increasing the concentration of learning in children with mental retardation in SLB-C Widya Bhakti Semarang. Conclusion: It is expected that the school can provide teaching through methods and media that are more interesting and innovative so that the learning concentration of children with mental retardation can increase.