Mild Category Research Articles

INCREASING THE KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS AND FAMILIES ABOUT THE PROBLEMS THAT OFTEN ARISE IN NEWBORNS THROUGH THE PROGRAM KIPRAH INDONESIA RRI MALANG

Newborns are prone to health problems due to a weak body defense system. Some problems that commonly arise in neonates include diseases in the mild category (which are common), for example: jaundice (physiological jaundice), vomiting, seborrheic dermatitis, oral trush, diarrhea, fever, diapper rush (diaper rash), miliariasis, constipation, and others. One of the preventive efforts to prevent complications in newborns is by providing health education aimed at increasing public knowledge about problems that often arise in newborns so that they can identify and take appropriate anticipatory and handling steps from existing problems. Community service activities are carried out through talk show activities in the form of questions and answers between radio broadcasters and speakers regarding the theme of activities that have been previously determined and broadcast live streaming on the Youtube channel of RRI Malang in the Kiprah Indonesia program. The activity was carried out on September 5, 2022 with a duration of time during live Youtube, which is about 60 minutes. Community participation from the talk show is indicated by the total viewers on the You tube page of RRI Malang, which is 69 times watched and 10 “like”. Providing education in this community service activity is expected to affect the behavior of mothers and families in the detection and treatment of problems that often arise in newborns.

Pencegahan Anemia Pada Remaja Putri, Mahasiswa FKM Universitas Cendrawasih

Anemia is a problem health global society that occurs in developing countries as well as developed countries. The effect of anemia on everything age have consequence big for health man as well as burden social economy. The impact of anemia on adolescents is existence lateness growth physical, disorder behavior as well as emotional that can affect the process of growth and development cell lowering brain _ power stand body, easy weak and hungry, concentration study disturbed, and lack of productivity. Anemia that occurs with age teenager could continue until age adults who can contribute high maternal and infant mortality rates _ premature birth, and LBW. Remember the impact that can caused if somebody have anemia, it is very important to do effort prevention of anemia. Efforts that can conducted is through screening for anemia inadolescents princess and education about prevention of anemia. This activity was held in the Hall of the Faculty of Public Health Uncen on Wednesday, September 28, 2022 with participants teenager Princess aged 15-24 years. The results of this screening activity are: most participants _ 20 years old that is as much as 49.50%, and the incidence of anemia was found in the mild category as much as 7.93% and most do not suffer from anemia (92.07%).

The Effect Of Learning Stress In The Faculty Of Medicine On The Arising Of Acne Vulgaris In Students Of The Faculty Of Medicine YARSI University And Its Review From The Islamic View

Stress is an emotional mental disorder that a person faces because of pressure. Stress is an emotional mental disorder that a person faces because of pressure. Psychosocial stressors can cause physical pain, such as headaches, dizziness, pimples, and so on. The purpose of this research is knowing the effect of stress studying at the Faculty of Medicine with the emergence of acne vulgaris in students of the Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University. The type of research that will be used in this study is the observational analytic method. The population in this study were students of class 2020 and 2021 at the Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University. Determination of the sample to be carried out is by simple random sampling. This study used univariate and bivariate analysis methods. Univariate analysis to describe the characteristics of respondents, the incidence of learning stress and acne vulgaris. The results showed that respondents who experienced academic stress based on the Scale for Assessing Academic Stress questionnaire were 62 students (39.5%). Respondents who suffered from acne vulgaris based on the Global Acne Grading System questionnaire were 133 students in the mild category and 5 students in the moderate category. The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between stress and the incidence of acne vulgaris in Yasri University Medical Faculty Students Class of 2020-2021. In Islam, everyone will not escape from being given trials by Allah SWT. So in facing trials a Muslim needs to have patience and always think positively.

A Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions and its Impact on Quality of life in Psychiatric Patients at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Background: In recent times, emphasis on pharmacovigilance (PV) is elevated due to increased cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) coming into notice. Psychotropic medications that are the mainstay of treating psychiatric patients are linked to various adverse drug reactions. The given study lays accentuation on determining the pattern of ADRs due to the use of antipsychotics and antidepressants. Objectives: In this study, we aim to determine the incidence of ADRs and their effect on the quality of life (QOL) of the patients after the ADR (s). Methodology: This is a prospective observational study of a total of 300 subjects receiving antipsychotics and/or antidepressants. They were screened for possible ADRs. Possible risk factors for the development of ADRs were also assessed. The difference in the pattern of ADRs in patients prescribed with Antidepressants (ADs) and/or Antipsychotics (APs) was observed. The average number of APs and/or ADs per prescription was calculated. The causality and severity assessment of the observed ADRs was done by the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Center (WHO-UMC) scale, Naranjo’s algorithm, and Hartwig–Siegel scale, respectively. Lastly, the impact of ADRs on the QOL of the patients receiving APs and/or ADs was evaluated. Results: The prevalence of ADRs in patients receiving APs and/or ADs is 24.33%. Olanzapine is the most commonly prescribed AP while sertraline is the most commonly prescribed AD. Olanzapine and sertraline are responsible for the highest number of ADRs as AP and AD, respectively. Females are found to be at higher risk for developing ADRs. Multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy are also considered to be possible risk factors. The average number of APs and/or antidepressants per prescription is 1.94 drugs. APs are found to be responsible for a higher number of ADRs in comparison with ADs. The maximum number of ADRs falls into the possible criteria of causality assessment by the WHO-UMC scale and Naranjo’s algorithm. All the observed ADRs fall into the mild and moderate category of severity by the Hartwig–Siegel scale. The ADRs have a significant impact on the physical health and psychological domain of QOL assessment. Conclusion: The need for PV is highlighted by the results obtained in this study. Intense monitoring and increased awareness can help improve the rate of ADR (s) occurrence in patients receiving psychotropic medications. As a result, the impact of ADRs on the QOL of the patients can also be reduced.

The Effect of Istighosah's Devotion to Reducing the Anxiety Level of Santri in Facing Life's Problems

This research aims to determine the effect of istighosah's solemnity on the level of anxiety in facing life's problems. This type of research is correlational quantitative. The research was conducted on all students of the Jagad 'Alimussirry Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya. The data were obtained from questionnaires filled out by the research subjects ( self-rating scales ) and then analyzed using quantitative methods to obtain an overview of the level of istighosah and the level of anxiety of students in facing life's problems. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the level of solemnity in carrying out istighosah experienced by Jagad 'Alimussirry Islamic Boarding School students in facing life's problems with a significance value of 0.038 <0.05. The average level of concentration of students in carrying out istighosah is moderate and the level of anxiety in facing life is in the mild category. Santri who have a high level of concentration in carrying out istighosah have a high level of anxiety in dealing with light life problems, while students who have a low level of specialization have a high level of anxiety in facing heavy life problems.

Penerapan Teknik Mobilisasi Dini terhadap Penurunan Skala Nyeri pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta

Background: Sectio caesarea is an effort to deliver with a surgical procedure through the technique of making incisions in the abdominal wall and uterus to remove babies with a fetus weighing more than 1000 grams or gestational age > 28 weeks Niklasson, (2020). The current trend of sectio caesarean (SC) deliveries is not only for emergencies. The trend of deliveries by caesarean section has led to an increase in caesarean sections in a number of hospitals, both in private hospitals and government hospitals. Ayuningtyas et al., (2020). Purpose: To find out the results of the implementation of whether there is a decrease in pain intensity in post sectio caesarea patients by providing early mobilization techniques at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Methods: Using a case study design, the subject was 1 post Sectio Caesarea mother who was treated in the ponek room of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Measuring instrument for the level of pain using the Numeric Rate Score (NRS) pain scale. The application is carried out for 3 consecutive days, 1 day is done once with a duration of 15 minutes. Findings: before the implementation of early mobilization exercises on pain scale 6 respondents was included in the moderate pain category, whereas after the implementation of early mobilization exercises on pain scale 2 respondents included in the mild pain category. Implication: Application of early mobilization techniques to mothers after 6-8 hours after Sectio Caesarea there was a decrease in pain scale after being given early mobilization therapy in post sectio caesarea patients at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta

Effectiveness of Homoeopathic Medicines in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria

Background: Chronic urticaria is occurrence of wheals more than twice a week for a period of six weeks or longer. It is a vascular reaction of the skin characterised by the appearance of wheals, which are elevated whitish reddish plaques, generally surrounded by a red halo and associated with severe itching, stinging or burning sensations. Generally the lesions increase in frequency after adolescence, with highest incidence in persons in 3rd decade of their lives. Non- sedating anti-H1 antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment; when ineffective higher dosages are tried, though all are associated with a lot of side effects ranging from arrhythmias to osteoporosis when used for a long period.
 Objectives: The aims and objectives of the present study were to understand the clinical presentation of CU and to assess the effects of constitutional homoeopathic remedies in the treatment of chronic urticaria based on the Urticaria Activity Score (UAS), and to study their effects on the quality of life of the patients before and after treatment, using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
 Materials and Methods: It was a prospective non-randomised uncontrolled observational study; sample size was 30; case taking of all the patients was done based on standard case taking proforma, consent was taken from each patient,a questionnaire of 22 points was used to elicit significant aspects of the nature of urticaria, all the patients were prescribed medicines depending on individual case; follow-up was done every 30 days from first prescription. At each visit, scoring of clinical symptoms was done with the help of UAS. Prognosis was made by comparing the different scores at each visit. Lastly, quality of life assessment was done before and after treatment using DLQI.
 Results: According to severity based on the Urticaria Activity Score, before treatment 10% patients were in mild category, 60% patients in moderate category and 30% in severe category. After treatment, 63.33% patients were in mild category and 36.67% in moderate category. The t-value was 10.56(p=0.001) for UAS. Based on DLQI, 6.67% were in large effect group, 63.33% in moderate effect group, 26.67% in small effect group and 3.33% in no effect group.
 
 KEYWORDS: Chronic Urticaria, Homoeopathic treatment, Urticaria Activity Score (UAS), Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI)
 Conflict of interest: None
 

Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms and Functional Status among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: Medical students may be at a higher risk for developing CTS due to the repetitive nature of their work and prolonged use of computers. This survey investigated the severity of CTS symptoms and functional status among medical students.
 Methodology: Among medical students, a quantitative observational cross-sectional survey was carried out in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 112 students of both gender, aged between 19 to 27 years, participated in this study. A demographic questionnaire and a Boston carpel tunnel syndrome questionnaire were used, and questions related to moderate and strenuous exercise were included in the survey. 
 Results: The functional status of a medical student is categorized as 22.3% in the asymptomatic category, 40.2% in the mild category, 19.6% in the moderate category, and 17.9% fall in the severe category. An association was found between symptom severity and prolonged hand use & functional status. The study results provide insights into the risk factors and potential preventive measures for CTS in this population.
 Conclusion: The study has collected data on the prevalence of CTS among medical students, the severity of their symptoms, the impact of CTS on their academic performance, and the factors associated with the development and severity of CTS among medical students. Our survey results show that medical students of the study site have not been classified as high-risk.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw pada Siswa Kelas VII.A SMP Islam Khadijah Bagik Nyaka

This kind of study is regard to Classroom Action Research (CAR) which the target are 29 female student’s seventh grade A Class Islamic Junior High School Khadijah Bagek Nyaka. This study aim to find how far of study result development Social Science subject with applicate Study Mod Cooperative Jigsaw Type. This study conducted in 2 cycle, from action result that conducted is approved able to increasing study result with reaching classical completeness set in 85 %. Classical completeness 48,82 % obtained in the first cycle with average value 67,59. They able to increased it at seconf stage by 96,55 % with average 86,90. From activity side there are enhancement as well, its obtained in the first cycle from mild active category to very active category. Result of this study provide that applicate of Study Mod Cooperative Jigsaw Type able to increasing student study result in Social Science subject with completeness reach 96,55 %.

PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST HAIR TONIC COMBINATION Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) ESSENTIAL OIL AND VCO (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL) WITH CYCLING TEST METHOD AND IRRITATION TEST ON THE RABBIT

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) and VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) essential oils contain cinnamaldehyde and lauric acid which have potential for hair growth, they can affect the physical stability of hair tonic preparations. This study aims to determine the physical stability and determine the effect of the irritation effect on hair tonic preparations of a combination of cinnamon essential oil and VCO. Cinnamon essential oil hair tonic preparations were made with a concentration of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), and 5% (F3) and then tested for physical characteristics including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, density test, and viscosity. Evaluation of physical stability was carried out using the cycling test method. Data were statistically analyzed using One Way Anova. The results of the irritation test were analyzed descriptively using the primary irritation index obtained from the appearance of erythema and edema on the rabbit's skin. Observation of the physical stability test on organoleptic and homogeneity showed that formula I had a cloudy white color, a characteristic cinnamon aroma, a slightly thick liquid, and was homogeneous; formula 2 and 3 has a clear color, characteristic of cinnamon aroma, slightly viscous and homogeneous liquid; stable pH in formula 2; stable density in formulas 1, 2 and 3; and stable viscosity in formulas 2 and 3. The results of the hair tonic irritation test showed that the primary irritation index for F1, F2, and F3 was 0.0; 0.3; 0.3 and it can be concluded that F2 and F3 can irritate with very mild categories.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA MAHASISWA KEPANITERAAN KLINIK DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 TAHUN 2022

The clinical clerkship is one part of basic medical education and is an advanced stage to complete the medical professional education program. In dealing with COVID-19, medical personnel are at the forefront. It is not an easy thing to organize clinical clerkship activities for Medical Professional Education Students while continuing to stay at the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical clerkship students will sacrifice time, thought, and energy to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This condition places clinical clerkship students under the threat of psychological disorders such as anxiety. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of anxiety in clinical clerkship students in the COVID-19 pandemic era in 2022. The method used was cross-sectional on clinical clerkship students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura, with a total sample of 114 respondents. The analysis used is univariate analysis. The questionnaire used in this study was the SAS/SRAS (Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale) questionnaire. The results showed as many as 35.1% of students experienced moderate anxiety and 16.7% of students experienced severe anxiety. The results of the research based on gender found that male respondents had a mild level of anxiety, namely 19 people (16,7%), and female gender had an anxiety level in the moderate category, reason, 36 people (31,6%). The results also show that based on where they live with their parents, most of them have an anxiety level in the moderate category, as many as 31 people (27,2%) and those who live alone (not with their family) most of them have an anxiety level in the mild category, namely as many as 25 people (21,9%). Based on the location of the rotation, the respondents were located at RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy mostly has an anxiety level in the severe category, namely as many as 19 people (16,7%); at Regional Special Hospitals (RSKD) Maluku Province mostly has an anxiety level in the mild category, namely 4 people (3,5%); at Regional General Hospital dr. H. Ishak Umarella mostly has an anxiety level in the moderate category, namely as many as 5 people (4,4%); at Al-Fatah General Hospital mostly has an anxiety level in the mild category, namely 6 people (5,3%); at Level II General Hospital Prof. dr. J. A. Latumeten Ambon mostly has an anxiety level in the moderate category, namely 7 people (6,1%); as well as the respondents whose rotation locations is at Sumber Hidup-GPM Hospital, most of them had a moderate level of anxiety, namely as many as 8 people (7,0%).

Comparison of stratification techniques for optimal management of patients with chronic low back pain in spine clinics

Identifying optimal stratification techniques for subgrouping patients with low back pain (LBP) into treatment groups for the purpose of identifying optimal management and improving clinical outcomes is an important area for further research. Our study aimed to compare performance of the STarT Back Tool (SBT) and three stratification techniques involving PROMIS domain scores for use in patients presenting to a spine clinic for chronic LBP. Retrospective cohort study. Adult patients with chronic LBP seen in a spine center between 11/14/18-5/14/19 who completed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as part of routine care, and were followed up with completed PROs 1-year later. Four stratification techniques, including SBT, and 3 PROMIS-based techniques: the NIH Task Force recommended Impact Stratification Score (ISS), symptom clusters based on latent class analysis (LCA), and SPADE symptom clusters. The four stratification techniques were compared according to criterion validity, construct validity, and prognostic utility. For criterion validity, overlap in characterization of mild, moderate, and severe subgroups were compared to SBT, which was considered the gold standard, using quadratic weighted kappa statistic. Construct validity compared techniques' ability to differentiate across disability groups defined by modified Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire (MDQ), median days in the past month unable to complete activities of daily living (ADLs), and worker's compensation using standardized mean differences (SMD). Prognostic utility was compared based on the techniques' ability to predict long-term improvement in outcomes, defined as improvement in global health and MDQ at 1-year. There were 2246 adult patients with chronic LBP included in our study (mean age 61.0 (SD 14.0), 55.0% female, 83.4% white). All stratification techniques resulted in roughly a third of patients grouped into mild, moderate, and severe categories, with ISS and LCA demonstrating substantial agreement with SBT, while SPADE had moderate agreement. Construct validity was met for all techniques, with large effects demonstrated between mild and severe categories for differentiating MDQ, ADLs, and worker's compensation disability groups (SMD range 0.57-2.48). All stratification techniques demonstrated ability to detect improvement by 1-year, with severe groups experiencing the greatest improvement in multivariable logistic regression models. All four stratification techniques demonstrated validity and prognostic utility for subgrouping patients with chronic LBP based on risk of long-term disability. ISS and LCA symptom clusters may be the optimal methods given the improved feasibility of including only a few relevant PROMIS domains. Future research should investigate multidisciplinary treatment approaches to target mild, moderate, and severe patients based on these techniques.

Acute coronary events in SARS-CoV-2 - causal or incidental?

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus can damage respiratory, cardiovascular system by various mechanism which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in moderate to severe cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study including 60 patients of age ≥18 years of either gender presenting to GTB Hospital diagnosed as positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and/or Rapid Antigen Test and belonging to moderate and severe category without any prior history of respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal illness, long-term corticosteroid, or immunomodulator use. The cardiac involvement was assessed by history, clinical examinations, and investigations. Results: Cardiovascular involvement was present in 25% patients. Cardiac involvement included ACS including ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (3.3%), non-STEMI (10%), unstable angina (1.67%), left ventricular hypertrophy (8.3%), bundle branch block (3.3%), atrial fibrillation (1.67%), and bradycardia (1.67%). Raised cardiac enzyme levels positively correlated with ECG abnormalities. Respiratory involvement was seen in 85% of patients. among which 56.7% patients in severe category, 41.67% patients in moderate category, and 1.67% patients in mild category as per CTSI scoring. There was lung parenchymal involvement with ground glass opacities in bilateral lungs (68.3%), lobar consolidation (6.7%), cavitatory lesion (5%), pulmonary edema (5%), pneumothorax (3.3%), emphysematous changes (3.3%), and bilateral pleural effusion (3.3%). Conclusion: ACS occurs frequently in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and it is associated with complications such as congestive heart failure, bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, and heart block.

Revisiting the Classification of Moderate and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Based on the Admission Glasgow Coma Scale Score

Abstract Objective We study the clinical relevance of classifying traumatic brain injury (TBI) into moderate and mild categories based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission with respect to the treatment intensity and 6-month mortality and morbidity rates. Methods Analysis of patients from a prospectively maintained database admitted at a level I trauma center from 2013 to 2019 with an admission GCS score between 9 and 15 and a minimum follow-up of 6 months post-TBI was done to study the treatment intensity and 6-month morbidity and mortality rates for each GCS score from 9 to 15. Results In all, 2,060 patients met the study criteria, of which 1,684 were males (81.7%). Road traffic accident was the most common cause of TBI (83.7%). There was a significant linear increase in the proportion of patients who had good outcomes with increasing GCS scores from 9 to 15 (p ≤ 0.001). When the variables in each GCS score were compared with a GCS score of 15, there was an increase in the odds ratio of mortality and poor outcome with decreasing GCS scores (p ≤ 0.001). Patients with a lower admission GCS score required more intense treatment in the form of surgery and ventilation (p ≤ 0.00001). There was a higher incidence of pupillary asymmetry in patients with lower GCS scores (p ≤ 0.00001). Conclusions The classification of TBI patients into moderate and mild based on the GCS score at admission is not of any practical value, and TBI patients may be more usefully classified based on the admission GCS score into severe and not severe groups.

A Comparison Between Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Spine MRI in the Diagnosis of Non-compressive Myelopathy: Which Is More Accurate?

Non-compressive myelopathy is a neurological disorder due to pathological processes affecting the spinal cord in the absence of clinical and radiological evidence of spinal cord compression. Two commonly used diagnostic tools for non-compressive myelopathy are somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SSEPs are a neurophysiological tool used to assess the functional integrity of the spinal cord. MRI, on the other hand, is the mainstay imaging modality used for identifying compressive lesions and other structural abnormalities in the spinal cord.The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of SSEPs versus spine MRI in the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of non-compressive myelopathy using the Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) clinical severity score. Our study included 63 subjects. Whole spine MRI and SSEPs (median and tibial SSEP bilaterally) were done for all subjects; their results were compared according to their relation to the mJOAscore and classified into mild, moderate, and severe. The control group was examined to establish normative data for SSEPresults and compared with cases. Blood investigations such as complete blood count, thyroid function test, A1C, HIVtests, venereal disease research laboratory test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and antinuclear antibodytests were done. Blood tests for vitamin B12 levels were done for patients who were suspected of sub-acute combined degeneration of the spinal cord; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was done for patients suspected of multiple sclerosis (MS), acute transverse myelitis (ATM), or other inflammatory/infectious diseases. CSF was analyzed for cell count, cytology, protein, and oligoclonal bands (if indicated). No mild categories were registered in this study; 30%of patients were moderateand 70%were severe. Causes for non-compressive myelopathy in this study werehereditary degenerative ataxias in 12 (38.71%), ATM in 8 (25.81%), and MS in 5 (16.13%); other causes included vitamin B12 deficiency in 2 (6.45%), ischemia in 2 (6.45%), and an unknown cause in 2 (6.45%). SSEPs showed abnormal results in all patients (31; 100%) whereas MRI showed abnormality in only seven patients (22.6%). SSEPsensitivity for detecting severe cases was around 63.6% while that for MRI was 27.3%. The study concluded that SSEPs were more reliable for the detection of non-compressive myelopathies rather than MRI and correlated better with clinical severity. Performing SSEPs is recommended for all patients with non-compressive myelopathy, especially those with negative imaging.

Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Larva Spodoptera litura F. pada Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)

Green mustard farmers in the Beba area experienced a decrease in crop yields due to attacks by armyworm larvae. A study needs to be conducted to determine the average population and intensity of the attack by larvae of S. litura F. on mustard greens aged 6 DAP, 8 DAP, 10 DAP, and 12 DAP in the determined plots. The study was conducted in the Beba area, Oelami Village, South Bikomi District, from December 2021 to January 2022. The total observation sub-plots were 16 and the size of each sub-plot is 60 x 60 cm. The collection of S. litura F. and attack intensity observation were carried out starting from 6 DAP – 12 DAP at 06.00-08.00 am. The mean population of S. litura F. larvae obtained from mustard greens aged 6 DAP; 8 DAP, 10 DAP, and 12 DAP was respectively 0.029 DAP/clump; 0.154 head/clump, 0.632 head/clump, and 0.688 head/clump. The percentage of attack intensity on plants aged 6 DAP, 8 DAP, 10 DAP, and 12 DAP were respectively 0.041%; 0.097%; 0.23%, and 0.246%. The attack intensity category is still in the mild category. The highest average population of S. litura F. larvae and the highest percentage of attack intensity was at the age of 12 DAP.

Dhikr Relaxation Training in Pregnant Women Classes In Purbosari Posyandu Purbayan Village

Pregnancy is a vulnerable period with psychological disturbances in the mother. Anxiety can arise due to worries about the pregnancy and the fetus it contains. Especially when the Covid-19 pandemic emerged, causing anxiety for pregnant women, especially the fear of being infected with Covid-19. The aim of PKM (community service) activities is to improve skills in performing dhikr relaxation techniques in pregnant women. Method of Implementation: The partner for this PKM activity is the class of pregnant women at Posyandu Purbosari in Purbayan Village, Sukoharjo district. It is carried out by holding training using lecture and discussion methods, simulations and demonstrations. Then the pregnant women are accompanied to practice dhikr relaxation technique skills. The training conducted has been able to increase the ability of pregnant women to relax dhikr by 100%. The average anxiety level of pregnant women measured by the HARS scale is a score of eight, meaning that pregnant women are in the mild anxiety category. Based on the interview results, the majority of pregnant women said they felt calmer and more relaxed after doing dhikr relaxation exercises. Pregnant women are committed to continuing the practice independently using the dhikr relaxation guide video at their respective homes. Conclusion: Pregnant women are able to practice the dhikr relaxation method taught, feel more relaxed and calm after doing the training. The results of the evaluation in the last week showed that mothers were able to do dhikr relaxation exercises independently at their respective homes using the video guide provided.

Incidence and Characterization of Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors to Recognize Syndemic Connotations in India: Single-Center Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Long COVID, or post-COVID-19 syndrome, is the persistence of signs and symptoms that develop during or after COVID-19 infection for more than 12 weeks and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis. In spite of health care recouping to prepandemic states, the post-COVID-19 state tends to be less recognized from low- and middle-income country settings and holistic therapeutic protocols do not exist. Owing to the syndemic nature of COVID-19, it is important to characterize post-COVID-19 syndrome. We aimed to determine the incidence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in a cohort of inpatients who recovered from COVID-19 from February to July 2021 at a tertiary-care center in South India. In addition, we aimed at comparing the prevalence of post-COVID-19 manifestations in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients, assessing the persistence, severity, and characteristics of post-COVID-19 manifestations, and elucidating the risk factors associated with the presence of post-COVID-19 manifestations. A total of 120 adult patients admitted with COVID-19 in the specified time frame were recruited into the study after providing informed written consent. The cohort included 50 patients requiring intensive care and 70 patients without intensive care. The follow-up was conducted on the second and sixth weeks after discharge with a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled in by the patient/family member of the patient during their visit to the hospital for follow-up at 2 weeks and through telephone follow-up at 6 weeks. The mean age of the cohort was 55 years and 55% were men. Only 5% of the cohort had taken the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Among the 120 patients, 58.3% had mild COVID-19 and 41.7% had moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. In addition, 60.8% (n=73) of patients had at least one persistent symptom at the sixth week of discharge and 50 (41.7%) patients required intensive care during their inpatient stay. The presence of persistent symptoms at 6 weeks was not associated with severity of illness, age, or requirement for intensive care. Fatigue was the most common reported persistent symptom with a prevalence of 55.8%, followed by dyspnea (20%) and weight loss (16.7%). Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.03-5.58; P=.04) and steroid administration during hospital stay (OR 4.43, 95% CI 1.9-10.28; P=.001) were found to be significant risk factors for the presence of post-COVID-19 symptoms at 6 weeks as revealed by logistic regression analysis. Overall, 60.8% of inpatients treated for COVID-19 had post-COVID-19 symptoms at 6 weeks postdischarge from the hospital. The incidence of post-COVID-19 syndrome in the cohort did not significantly differ across the mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 severity categories. Female sex and steroid administration during the hospital stay were identified as predictors of the persistence of post-COVID-19 symptoms at 6 weeks.

The effect of yoga movements in reducing complaints symphysis pubis dysfunction in pregnancy

<p><strong>Background: </strong><em>The incidence of Section Caesarea (SC) based on the results of the 2018, states that the highest prevalence is in the DKI Jakarta area with a </em>percentage <em>reached 31.3% while the Papua region </em>percentage is <em>only 6.7%. It is known that the causes of birth with CS include, a narrow pelvis, disproportion of the fetal head, malposition of the fetus, and disorders of the descent of the fetal head which often cause complaints of symphysis pubis dysfunction </em>(SPD). <em>Every pregnant woman needs to empower herself to increase her self-confidence in facing the pregnancy process until before delivery. Several studies have stated that practicing yoga during pregnancy can reduce pregnancy complaints. During the Covid-19 pandemic, pregnant women were limited to doing activities outside the home. In this case, independent yoga media is needed that is safe, easy to understand, and as a guide for pregnant women, both in the form of videos, flashcards, spin cards, and picture cards of practical yoga movements.</em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives</em></strong><strong>: </strong><em>To find out the effectiveness of yoga movements in dealing with complaints of symphysis pubis dysfunction in pregnancy.</em></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><em>This research method uses quasi-experimental research with a one-group pre-test design which reveals a causal relationship involving one group of subjects. Respondents consisted of 25 pregnant women entering the third trimester of pregnancy with the inclusion criteria of pregnant women experiencing dysfunction of the symphysis pubis before the intervention. The interventions that will be carried out are measuring pain scales, printing yoga movement cards, teaching, and doing yoga 4 times in 1 month.</em></p><p><strong>Results: </strong><em>It is known that the number of respondents who did yoga before the intervention was mostly in the mild pain category (36%) and moderate (28%). After the intervention, the majority of respondents were in the no-pain category (44%). Respondents with severe pain before intervention (16%) decreased to (8%) post-intervention. The results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test obtained p = 0.036 where this value is below 0.05, which means that there is an effect of yoga movements in reducing complaints of symphysis pubis dysfunction in pregnancy.</em></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><em>From the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is an influence of yoga movements in reducing complaints of symphysis pubis dysfunction in pregnancy. There were significant changes in pregnant women before and after the intervention. Therefore pregnant women are encouraged to do yoga regularly to reduce complaints of pregnancy discomfort which can interfere with the delivery process.</em><em></em></p>

CORRELATION BETWEEN MALOCCLUSION SEVERITY LEVEL AND CARIES STATUS OF 12-14 YEARS OLD STUDENTS IN SMPN 5 MARABAHAN

ABSTRACTBackground: South Kalimantan is one of the provinces in Indonesia that occupies the highest second of dental and oral health problems. One of the dental and oral health problems that often faced in school age group is malocclusion that is 15,6%. Malocclusion is an occlusion condition that is not right or an occlusion that deviates from normal condition. The said condition can be happened because tooth shape abnormalities and jaw size. The crowded tooth position can cause caries occurrence, because the overlapped tooth position can complicate in the process of tooth brushing. The food remains that accumulated formed plaque retention and if it’s left alone continually, it will form a cavity in the tooth, causing email demineralization called caries. Purpose: To find out the correlation between malocclusion severity levels and caries status of 12-14 years old students in SMPN 5 Marabahan Material and Methods: This research was an analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The respondents were 12-14 years old students in SMPN 5 Marabahan that were taken with simple random sampling method. The respondents were 47 people. Results: The malocclusion severity level on mild category was 24 people (51%) and the caries status on moderate category was 19 people (40%). The result of Spearman test is p=0,000 < 0,05. Conclusion: There is a correlation between malocclusion severity level and caries status of 12-14 years old students in SMPN 5 Marabahan.Keywords : Caries status, DMF-T Index, Index (MAL I),Malocclusion severity