Effects Of Migration Research Articles

Rural migrants in urban centers: Sources of vulnerability or agents of adaptive capacity?

Research on climate migration is increasingly analyzing not only the role of climate as a migration driver but also migration's adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. However, despite broad recognition that climate-related migration is overwhelmingly rural-to-urban, migration's effects on the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the receiving urban destinations, many of which struggle to adapt to climate change, have received scant attention. To begin addressing this gap, this study examines how urban planners and policymakers in flood-prone Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's main migration destination and Africa's fastest-growing metropolis, perceive these effects. To this end, we utilize semi-structured interviews to examine three interrelated dimensions: migration's effects on flooding, the potential responses to ameliorate its adverse effects, and migrants' capabilities and the ways the city can harness those capabilities to reduce flooding.The results show that most planners and policymakers view migration as mainly exacerbating flooding yet also perceive migrants as possessing the potential to contribute to urban adaptation. This potential encompasses aspects recognizing migrants' agency, such as adaptation knowledge and planning skills, alongside ‘physical-economic’ elements linked with the use of migrants as labor for maintaining drainage channels and their contribution to enlarging the city's tax base, which may assist in funding flood-prevention infrastructure. However, the results also point to Dar es Salaam's inaction to exploit this potential, accompanied by a perceived lack of responsibility for advancing adaptation. We conclude by highlighting the importance of adopting a proactive approach to mapping and harnessing migrants' capabilities, ultimately contingent on cities' willingness to assume this responsibility.

Health conditions of migrant children and adolescents from Latin America and Caribe: A narrative review.

The presence of children and adolescents in migratory flows is growing in Latin America and the Caribbean. Little is known about migration's effects on these groups' health. This article aims to investigate the evidence available on the access and use of healthcare services by migrant children and adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean. We seek to explore the role of social determinants of health at different levels in the health conditions of these groups. Also, to identify potential recommendations for healthcare systems and public policy to address them. For this purpose, a narrative review of 52 publications was carried out based on a search of scientific literature in the Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Five relevant topics were identified: use of emergency care associated with lack of healthcare access, preventive services, and other social determinants of health; exposure to preventable infectious diseases; mental health; sexual and reproductive health; and vaccinations and dental health. We conclude that the evidence shows the need to address the inequities and disadvantages faced by migrant children from a perspective of social determinants of health and policies that consider health as a human right regardless of the migratory status of children and adolescents, as well as that of their parents or primary caregivers.

Better off in the city? Economic outcomes of rural out‐migration in Sweden—sibling study of cohorts 1960–1984

AbstractThis study examines disparities in income levels and employment status between individuals who migrate from rural areas and their siblings who remained in rural settings in Sweden for cohorts born 1960–1984. Utilizing comprehensive Swedish register data, we track the economic outcomes at age 35 or rural residents who migrated between ages 15 and 25, comparing them to non‐migrating siblings. Our analysis, employing binomial logit and log‐linear models for employment odds and income levels, respectively, reveals that while rural out‐migration generally leads to higher income, it does not significantly impact employment status. The study underscores the role of individual and family‐specific factors—such as gender and education—and broader time‐ and place‐dependent structures in mediating migration's effects. We find that income disparity between migrants and non‐migrants has increased since the 1990s and that the differences increase with the urbanization level of the destination.

Using Fusion Data Analysis and Compensatory Fuzzy Logic to Analyze the Socioeconomic Impact of Venezuelan Migration

The surge of Venezuelan migration has left indelible marks on various regions, notably within Babahoyo Canton, presenting both challenges and opportunities for local communities. This study delves into the socio-economic impacts of Venezuelan migration on Babahoyo throughout 2023, employing a sophisticated blend of compensatory fuzzy logic and information fusion techniques. These methodologies offer a nuanced exploration of the migration's effects, capturing the complex interplay between local perceptions, labor market fluctuations, and broader economic dynamics. The findings underscore the critical need for comprehensive integration strategies that not only facilitate the socio-cultural adaptation of migrants but also leverage local public policies to mitigate adverse impacts while maximizing potential benefits. Ultimately, this research aims to illuminate pathways for informed decision-making and policy development, ensuring that responses to Venezuelan migration in Babahoyo are both effective and empathetic, thus fostering a more integrated and resilient community.

Langkah-langkah migrasi SLIMS dari versi Cendana ke versi Bulian

In order to transfer the Slims Cendana library website application and all of its data to the Slims Bulian application. The xampp program is used on a local server to complete this migration procedure. The waterfall technique is employed in this study to gather requirements for the migration, develop a design, execute the plan, and assess the migration's effectiveness. The challenge in this study is to transfer tens of thousands of data from Slims Cendana, which uses one database structure and one programming language, to Slims Bulian. The challenge encountered during migration is during the implementation phase, namely in determining a quick and simple approach for the migration process. The research's outputs are instructions for moving all data and applications from Slims Cendana to Slims Bulian. The five steps of the migration process are as follows first, examining the server with the minimum requirements; second transferring the Slims Cendana database to the server with the minimum requirements for Slims Bulian; third extracting the Slims Bulian master file to the server root directory; four installing Slims Bulian; and five verifying that the data in Slims Bulian and Slims Cendana are identical.

Internal migration's effects on older people and children: evidence from Vietnam

The movement of working-age people from rural to urban regions, into industrial zones and export processing zones, causes a phenomena known as "generational defects," in which the elderly and children remain in rural areas. "Mid-generation" family flaws are caused by labor migration, which results in elderly people without children and children without parents living with or near their parents. It simultaneously causes changes in the conditions, living situations, and daily living habits of the elderly and children as a result of the primary economic, spiritual, and emotional core members of the household's lack of timely attention, care, and support. This study examines how internal migration affects older people's and kids' living conditions in Vietnam. The problems raised in the article might lead to the adoption of social protection laws that would cover migrant workers' families as well.

A fusion of VGG-16 and ViT models for improving bone tumor classification in computed tomography

Background and ObjectiveBone tumors present significant challenges in orthopedic medicine due to variations in clinical treatment approaches for different tumor types, which includes benign, malignant, and intermediate cases. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as prominent models for tumor classification. However, their limited perception ability hinders the acquisition of global structural information, potentially affecting classification accuracy. To address this limitation, we propose an optimized deep learning algorithm for precise classification of diverse bone tumors. Materials and MethodsOur dataset comprises 786 computed tomography (CT) images of bone tumors, featuring sections from two distinct bone species, namely the tibia and femur. Sourced from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, the dataset was meticulously preprocessed with noise reduction techniques. We introduce a novel fusion model, VGG16-ViT, leveraging the advantages of the VGG-16 network and the Vision Transformer (ViT) model. Specifically, we select 27 features from the third layer of VGG-16 and input them into the Vision Transformer encoder for comprehensive training. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of secondary migration using CT images from Xiangya Hospital for validation. ResultsThe proposed fusion model demonstrates notable improvements in classification performance. It effectively reduces the training time while achieving an impressive classification accuracy rate of 97.6%, marking a significant enhancement of 8% in sensitivity and specificity optimization. Furthermore, the investigation into secondary migration's effects on experimental outcomes across the three models reveals its potential to enhance system performance. ConclusionOur novel VGG-16 and Vision Transformer joint network exhibits robust classification performance on bone tumor datasets. The integration of these models enables precise and efficient classification, accommodating the diverse characteristics of different bone tumor types. This advancement holds great significance for the early detection and prognosis of bone tumor patients in the future.

Perceptions of the socioeconomic effects of Venezuelan migration among informal traders in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)

The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of knowledge of Venezuelan migration and of the perceived socioeconomic effects of this migration on the perceptions held by Colombians engaging in informal commercial activities in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, and on the strategies that they adopt to ensure the survival of their informal businesses. A structural equation model was developed based on data from a questionnaire administered to a representative sample of 301 informal traders in the historic centre and beach area in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. The application of a causal theoretical model allowed the main factors affecting perceptions of migration from Venezuela among Colombian-born informal traders to be assessed. The research results indicated that the variables Knowledge of Venezuelan migration (COM), Social effects of migration (ESM) and Economic effects of migration (EEM) have significant correlation with Perceptions of Venezuelan migration (PHM). Moreover, Economic effects of migration (EEM) correlate significantly with Strategies and actions implemented by informal traders to ensure the survival of their businesses (EAI). The obtained results can be used to develop targeted action plans to contribute to improving these perceptions.

What about Europe? European identity and spatial imaginaries of Europe among Polish migrants during post-Brexit negotiations in Scotland

This article takes the concept of spatial imaginaries to explore how the post-Brexit negotiations shifted meanings of ‘Europe’ for Polish migrants residing in Scotland. A flourishing subfield of ‘Brexit geographies’ has explored the meaning and consequences of Brexit (as an event, process and affect) for wide-ranging communities on the move and in place. Yet, the question of how ‘Europe’, and in particular ‘EUrope’, is being re-imagined and re-constituted by EU migrants residing in uncertain political spaces remains understudied. In this article, we address this lacuna through analysis of biographical narrative interviews and spatial mapping exercises. In doing so, we conduct a multi-scalar analysis of Polish migrants’ discursive and visual representations of EUrope, defined both as a geographical and institutional space. The study is spatially and temporally situated at a particular time and place in the Brexit timeline – the summer of 2019 in rural and urban Scotland. At this time, Brexit negotiations were ongoing, there was widespread uncertainty about the consequences for migrants in the United Kingdom, and, in Scotland particularly, much resistance to leaving the European Union. The article argues that while Brexit might have not affected European identity among Polish migrants in Scotland, it has prompted them to reconsider their place in Europe and to reimagine both the geographical and conceptual parameters of EUrope.

Ethics & exclusions: Reflections on the passing of Stephen Castles

Ethics & exclusions: Reflections on the passing of Stephen Castles

‘What do we see when we look at people on the move’? A visual intervention into civil sphere and symbolic boundary theory

Photographs of migrants can evoke powerful reactions. Since the ‘migration crisis’ of 2015–16, politicians, media, and the public have all expressed strong opinions about people who cross borders. Within the civil spheres of Western democracies, debates about who belongs as a ‘good citizen’, and who should be excluded as an ‘anticivil’ outsider, result in consequences for migrants and locals alike. In this article, we engage in a visual intervention into theories of the civil sphere and symbolic boundaries. Through a cultural sociological analysis of 80 interviews conducted amongst Czech residents, we examine the boundary work surrounding two photographs of people crossing borders. The Czech context represents a compelling case through which to do so; Czechia is neither a primary transit or destination country, yet migration issues figure prominently in its civil sphere. Our findings are based on thematic and reflexive questions that organise the different grounds for boundary work amongst the RPs: ‘What are we looking at’? ‘Who are they?’ and ‘Should “we” help “them”’? The broader implications of our findings concern the role of visuality in conceptions of democratic civil spheres and the presence of boundary work that delineates who belongs and who does not.

Transnational Social Stratification? Legal Status of Immigrant Parents and the Educational Achievements of Mexican Children

Although there is evidence documenting the impacts of Mexican parents’ migration to the United States on the educational attainment of the children they leave behind, the potential role of parents’ legal status in stratifying their children's educational achievement is poorly understood. Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, I estimate the educational effects of parents’ documentation status for the children left behind in Mexico. I utilize coarsened exact matching and entropy balancing, alongside community fixed effects, in a counterfactual regression framework to address the endogeneity of parental migration decisions. I find that parental migration's effectiveness as a mechanism for securing educational gains among children left in Mexico differs by parents’ legal status. Documentation allows migrant parents to translate their experiences in the United States into relatively greater educational achievement for their children in Mexico. In the post-1986 period, the non-immigrant children of undocumented parents experienced a significant education penalty. These findings elucidate the effect of US immigration policy on social stratification in Mexican society.

‘This Is a Country To Earn and Return’: Polish Migrants’ Circular Migration to Iceland

<p class="DomylneA">The problem under investigation in this article is circular migration of Polish men working in Iceland and its consequences for migrants’ lives, as well as the lives of those who stay. The phenomenon is discussed on the basis of the research conducted among migrants and complemented by their wives’ perspectives. The research was designed in two parts: one was conducted in Iceland with the migrants, and the other was conducted in Poland with their wives. The basic findings show how migrants physically and emotionally adapt to living in two locations and how they manage to settle in constantly changing schedules. The implications of the study are that, aside from financial stability, circular labour migration of male family members introduces rhythm, predictability, and a special set of rituals into the family life. All these become the household norm.

Unmet Need for Family Planning after Internal Migration: Analysis of Ethiopia 2017-2018 PMA Survey Data.

Internal migration's effect on family planning behavior depends upon migration circumstances. While many studies describe instability and displacement's effect on family planning access, fewer studies consider the positive association between internal migration and family planning behavior. Using Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) survey data, we examine the relationship between internal migration and unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia from 2017-2018. We describe determinants of family planning behavior by migrant status and model migration's effect on unmet need for family planning using multilevel logistic regression. Internal migrants studied tend to be more educated and wealthier and have less unmet need than non-migrants, likely due to different fertility preferences and human capital. This contributes to existing research by illustrating how rural-urban migration in Ethiopia relates to family planning behaviour. Findings will be of interest to social scientists and policymakers evaluating family planning resource allocation to reduce unmet need in African contexts.

Temp Nations? A Research Agenda on Migration, Temporariness, and Membership

This article outlines a research agenda to study how, why, and with what consequences systems of migration policy that rely on time-delimited statuses have been tools of nation-state making. Taking a long view and comparing key contemporary cases, I argue that temporary migration regimes have been appealing because they purport to reconcile the disparate interests and preferences of political actors in sending and receiving countries, native and foreign workers, and employers. Such regimes have been a means for the affirmative selection of migrants as workers—an approach that preserves the option of rejecting them as permanent members. The proposed research would uncover the full range of temporal means by which states have shaped populations through migration policy. Substantively, it explores how changes in the ratio of temporary to permanent statuses affect the meaning of political belonging. This would include an examination of how the policing of temporariness requires routine bureaucratic monitoring as well as extreme measures like deportation with consequences for migrants as well as for the communities in which they live.

Renouncing care in French Guiana: the national health barometer survey

BackgroundIn French Guiana, health inequalities are patent for a broad range of pathologies for all age groups. The objective of the present study was to quantify the proportion of the population that had renounced care in the past year, to study predictive factors, and to compare results with other French territories.MethodsA two-stage random sample of 2015 individuals aged 15 to 75 years was surveyed by telephone. A descriptive analysis of variables relative to renouncing care, use of health care, screening, and vaccination was initially performed. Multivariate analysis was then used to determine variables associated with renouncing care for financial reasons and renouncing for reasons linked to time were directly estimated using a Poisson model on weighted data. Variables with a significance level < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were included in the full multivariate model.ResultsIn French Guiana, during the past 12 months, 30.9% of surveyed persons renounced care whatever the type for financial reasons. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that gender, perceived financial situation, perceived health and complementary insurance status were independent predictive factors of care renouncement for financial reasons. Overall, 24% of the surveyed population declared having renounced to care for time-related motives. The independent predictors for time-related renouncing were different than those for renouncing care for financial reasons: a higher education level and a poor perceived health were independently associated with time-related renouncement; retired persons and students were found to renounce care less frequently than persons with a job.ConclusionsRenouncing for financial reasons, a major target of the 2016 health law, represented a public health problem in French Guiana. Renouncing for lack of time was an important motive for renouncing, which is aggravated by the insufficient number of health professionals, but may benefit from organizational solutions. There are avenues for improvement of health for the most vulnerable: promote health, act on risk factors, and facilitate the readability and accessibility of the health system. Recent reforms to stabilize health insurance may however have some adverse consequences for migrants.

Constraints and Facilitators for Successful Integration: How Bureaucratic Contacts Affects Migrants’ Pathways

Integration of migrants in Dutch society is a continuous political concern. The regulations governing the immigrant integration processes, and the formal demands to the migrants have been revised several times. Inevitably, the process requires the immigrant to engage in bureaucratic contacts. We postulate that these bureaucratic contacts have a reinforcing or a dampening effect on the integration process, hence on its success. We deployed a grounded research approach in order to investigate this assumption. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 51 migrants. We conclude that bureaucratic contacts have considerable impact on many aspects of the migrants' lives. The observed patterns of positive and negative loops with both favorable and unfavorable consequences for migrants demonstrate the systematic reality in which integration processes develop. The bureaucratic contacts – or lack thereof – are constantly used by migrants to evaluate their situation and to decide on new actions. This in turn sets off a chain reaction that impacts both bureaucratic contacts later on and the way migrants integrate in Dutch society.

The grey area between nationality and citizenship: an analysis of external citizenship policies in Latin America and the Caribbean

Literature on diaspora engagement policies, transnational and extra-territorial citizenship has painted the increasing recognition of dual nationality and the extension of state policies to the diaspora as a signal of states leaving behind the paradigms of exclusive nationality and residence as conditions to exercise citizenship. In doing this, this literature tends to treat citizenship and nationality as synonyms. By analysing the citizenship policies of 22 Latin American and Caribbean states towards their nationals who reside abroad and/or acquire another nationality, we add key nuances to such consideration: nationality and citizenship may relate to different legal statuses – with important consequences for migrants – and there might be differences also between the citizen rights of nationals by origin and of nationals by naturalization. In particular, we show that citizenship and nationality interact in different ways when it comes to the preservation of rights for emigrants: the distinctions allow restricting the portability of citizenship rights for nationals by birth, and other groups of nationals, depending on the exclusivity, and origin, of their national belonging. These distinctions tell a potentially different story of how citizenship is conceived of by states as they approach the challenges of membership and participation posed by emigration, and paint a less rosy picture with regard to the demise of exclusive nationality.

Access to healthcare for undocumented migrants: analysis of avoidable hospital admissions in Sicily from 2003 to 2013.

Access to healthcare services for undocumented migrants is one of the main public health issues currently being debated among European countries. Exclusion from primary healthcare services may lead to serious consequences for migrants' health. We analyzed the risk among undocumented migrants, in comparison with regular migrants, of being hospitalized for preventable conditions in the Region of Sicily (Italy). We performed a hospital-based cross-sectional study of the foreign population hospitalized in the Sicily region between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013. The first outcome was the proportion of avoidable hospitalization (AHs) among regular and irregular migrants. Second outcomes were the subcategories of AHs for chronic, acute and vaccine preventable diseases. 85 309 hospital admissions were analyzed. In the hospitalized population, in comparison to regular migrants, undocumented migrants show a higher proportion of hospitalization for diseases preventable through primary and preventive care (AOR1·48, 95%CI 1·37-1·59). The proportion of avoidable hospitalizations associated with the lack of legal status is higher for vaccine preventable conditions (AOR 2·06, 95%CI 1·66-2·56) than for chronic conditions (AOR 1·47, 95%CI 1·42-1·63) and acute conditions (AOR 1·37; 95%CI 1·23-1·53). Between 2003 and 2013, the proportion of avoidable hospitalizations decreased both in regular and undocumented migrants but decreased faster for regular than for undocumented migrants. Undocumented migrants experience higher proportion of hospitalization for preventable conditions in comparison with regular migrants probably due to a lack of access to the national healthcare service. Policies and strategies to involve them in primary healthcare and preventive services should be developed to tackle this inequality.

Addressing transnational needs through migration? An inquiry into the reach and consequences of migrants’ social protection across borders

This article draws a conceptual map of the mechanisms, dynamics and consequences of transnational social protection (TSP) for low-skilled labour migrants and their family members. While migrants’ social needs have also a transnational side, the responses of welfare institutions, if available at all, are typically territorialised. This brings to the fore the prospects for TSP of those affected by migration – most notably, here, migrants’ dear ones in home societies. TSP can be analysed as a field of evolving interactions between a formal, thinner dimension and a more substantive, informal one. The latter builds on the circulation of remittances and transnational care practices, primarily within migrants’ kinship networks. Informal TSP is then discussed as a privileged terrain to assess, first, the promises and pitfalls of migration as social protection and, second, the social consequences of emigration on welfare arrangements in home communities. An analytical framework is eventually advanced, with a view to systematising research on migration-driven transnational needs, on the ways of addressing them, on the dilemmas of informal social protection across state borders.