Migration Study Research Articles

Novel genomic variants related to visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI) in Indian sib-pairs.

Obesity is among the leading public health threats globally. Over the last few years, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body adiposity index (BAI), derived from anthropometric, and biochemical measures, have gained importance as a measure of obesity. However, unlike other common indices like body mass index, and waist circumference, the genetic predisposition of VAI, and BAI under-examined. 2265 sib-pairs from Indian Migration Study were used for examining the association of genetic variants from the Cardio-Metabochip array with VAI, and BAI. Mixed linear regression models were run, and all inferences were based on the within-sib component of the Fulker's association models. Gene-environment/lifestyle interaction analyses were also undertaken. rs6659428 at LOC400796 | SEC16B (β = 0.26, SE = 0.05), and rs7611535 at DRD3 | LOC645180 (β = 0.18, SE = 0.04) were associated with VAI at suggestive significance value of <8.21 × 10-6. For BAI, rs73300702 at JAZF1-AS1 (β = 0.27, SE = 0.06), was the top hit at p value < 8.21 × 10-6. Further, rs6659428 showed marginal effect modification with rural/urban location (β = 0.26, SE = 0.13, p value = 0.047), and rs73300702 with physical activity (β = -0.29,SE = 0.14, p value = 0.034). We report three novel genetic loci for VAI, and BAI in Indians that are important indicators of adiposity. These findings need to be replicated and validated with larger samples from different ethnicities. Further, functional studies for understanding the biological mechanisms of these adiposity indices need to be undertaken to understand the underlying pathophysiology.

Enhancing cellulose acetate film with green plasticizers for improved performance, biodegradability, and migration study into a food simulant

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a synthetic compound obtained by acetylation of cellulose. It is widely used for various applications, including food packaging films. However, CA is very rigid due to the β-d-glycose ring in its main chain, and the presence of many hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups, which limits the extent of its application. Therefore, plasticizers are generally used to provide flexibility particularly when used for packaging. The migration of plasticizers from packaging materials to packaged food can pose a risk to human health, particularly when the plasticizers present some levels of toxicity. The objective of this research is to compare the effect of widely used plasticizers glycerol, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and rosemary essential oil on the properties of cellulose acetate films for food packaging. Cellulose acetate films were prepared via solvent casting method followed by plasticizing. The films prepared were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and others analysis. The results show that rosemary essential oil has the lowest migration rate to food simulants. Rosemary can play dual roles, a plasticizer by improving mechanical properties and an active agent (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and UV protector, and promotor of biodegradability). The results show the potential of rosemary essential oil as an additive for application in food packaging.

Migration study of uranium in Beishan granite by the continuous column method

Abstract Radionuclide migration is an essential process in the performance and safety assessments of radioactive waste repository. This study investigates uranium migration in Beishan granite using the continuous column method, focusing on the effects of flow rate, eluent pH, and carbonate. Experimental parameters were used to perform COMSOL simulations of the migration process. The findings reveal that mechanical dispersion plays a predominant role in uranium migration in the granite column. Notably, the impact of adsorption on migration appears to be limited, likely due to the brief contact time in the experimental setup. The study successfully demonstrates the capability of COMSOL in simulating radionuclide migration, offering significant insights for the performance and safety assessments of repository.

Daylight driven vertical migration of mesozooplankton in the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal

Diurnal vertical migration (DVM) of mesozooplankton in the Deep Scattering Layer (DSL) of the Indian seas is poorly studied. This cyclical vertical migration substantially controls the carbon sequestration in the ocean. The present research is a comprehensive examination to analyse the factors affecting the DVM pattern of the zooplankton community in the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Echo sounder profiling was conducted at shallow depths (∼10–400m) of the AS (January 2023) and BoB (March 2023) with a period of 24 h to monitor the DVM pattern of the DSL. Vertical migration in both basins showcased the notable influence of the spatio-temporal contrast in the occurrence of daybreak, with the day (descend) and night (ascend) cycle of the DSL. Delayed descent was observed in the AS contrary to BoB, owing to the delayed day break in the AS relative to BoB. Intensity and temporal pattern of the incoming solar radiation were correlated with the DVM whereas diurnal variation of sea surface temperature was observed to be contrasting. The preliminary analysis is indicative of the diversified community structure of the zooplankton community in these basins resulting from the vertical migration. Furthermore, it is conclusive that the surface residence time of the zooplankton is distinct and is affirmed based on daybreak and light intensity particular for each basin. Since daybreak vary with the geolocation, sole dependence on a particular time for migration study can be erroneous, which is highlighted in the present study.

Engineering Biodegradable Sodium Alginate Films with Dragon Fruit Peel Powder and MgO Nanoparticles

This study investigated the effect of the addition of dragon fruit peel powder (DFP) and MgO nanoparticles on sodium alginate (SA) films. The control film (S1 film), DFP-enriched (S2 film), MgO nanoparticles-enhanced (S3 film), and a film combining both MgO nanoparticles and DFP (S4 film) were evaluated. The tensile strength increased by 252.43, 290.27, and 645.13% for the S2, S3 and S4 films, respectively. These enhancements were accompanied by a marked improvement in the UV-blocking property, thermal stability, antioxidant activity,2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, opacity and thickness. The water vapor permeability and transparency were decreased to 3.45 × 10−10 g−1 Pa−1 S−1 and 1.82% for the S4 film. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) study revealed a notable increase in surface roughness with the incorporation of DFP. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the MgO nanoparticles possessed a crystallographic structure that was compatible with the SA film matrix, with the S4 films exhibiting the highest crystallinity index (28.92%). The overall migration study showed that all SA films complied with the overall migration limit of 60 mg/kg of simulant for fatty food simulants. The biodegradability test revealed complete degradation of the S1, S3, and S4 films before 20 days while the S2 film exhibited a substantial mass loss of 84.99% within the same 20-day timeframe.

Numerical analysis of scaffold degradation in cryogenic environment: impact of cell migration and cell apoptosis

The analysis of degradation in the presence of cell death and migration is a critical aspect of research in various biological fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease pathology. In present study, numerical study of degradation of scaffold were performed in present of cells, cell apoptosis and cell migration. A poly electrolyte complex (PEC) silk fibroin scaffold was used for degradation study. Degradation study in the presence of cells and migration were performed at fixed pH concentration 7.2. Similarly, degradation study of scaffold were performed at different pH cell apoptosis. A transient analysis of scaffold was evaluated in COMSOL 5.5 in presence of cryogenic temperature at different temperature gradient. The parameters; temperature, stress, strain tensor and deformation gradient associated with the degradation of polyelectrolyte complex scaffold were evaluated. Result shows that in both geometries minimum temperature had been achieved as 230.051 K at point P4 in series view and parallel view and at a point P3 for cell migration study for −5 k min−1 and −1 k min−1, respectively. The maximum stress had been generated for 5.57 × 107 N m−2 for the temperature gradient of −2 K min−1 at T cycle in the case of cell migration study. In contrast in series view the maximum stress 2.9 × 107 N m−2 were observed at P4 which was higher as compare to P3. Similarly, for a parallel view, maximum stress (3.93 × 107 N m−2) was obtained for point P3. It had been observed that the maximum strain tensor 5.21 × 10−3, 5.15 × 10−3 and 5.26 × 10−3 was generated in series view at 230 k on a point P3 for − 1, −2 and −5 K min−1, respectively. Similarly, the maximum strain tensor 8.16 × 10−3, 8.09 × 10−3 and 8.09 × 10−3 was generated in parallel view at 230 k on a point P3 for −1, −2 and −5 K min−1, respectively. In the presence of cells, at a point P4 for temperature gradient of −1 and −2 K min−1, it had been closed to the scaffold wall, which had a different temperature profile than the point P3 and scaffold comes to the contact with the cells. The analysis of PEC scaffold degradation in the presence of cells, including cell apoptosis and migration, offers significant insights into the relationship between scaffold properties, cell behaviour, and tissue regeneration.

Evaluation of the Recombinant Bacterial Chitinases as Anti-proliferative and Anti-migratory Agents for the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line, MCF-7.

Chitinases, a glycosyl hydrolase family 18 members, have a wide distribution in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including humans. Regardless of the absence of endogenous chitin polymer, various chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) have been reported in mammals. However, several other carbohydrate polymers, such as hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate, show structural similarities with chitin, which could be a potential target of chitinase and CLPs. Heparan sulfate is part of the integral membrane proteins and involves in cell adherence and migration. Hence, to demonstrate the effect of chitinase on cancer cell progression, we selected two chitinases from Serratia marcescens, ChiB and ChiC, which function as exo- and endo-chitinase, respectively. The ChiB and ChiC proteins were produced recombinantly by cloning chiB and chiC genes from Serratia marcescens. The cell viability of the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells was studied using different concentrations of the purified recombinant proteins. Cell viability assay was performed using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and water-soluble tetrazolium salt, and the effect of ChiB and ChiC on cell proliferation was studied by clonogenic assay. The cell migration study was analysed by wound healing, transwell migration, and invasion assays. Cell cycle analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells and cell proliferation markers such as pERK1/2, pAKT, and SMP30 were also done. It was observed that both ChiB and ChiC were able to impede cell viability, cell migration, and invasion significantly. These observations and our in silico molecular docking analysis suggest that ChiC is a potential anticancer agent and is more efficient than ChiB. Since the ChiC is able to inhibit both cancer cell proliferation and migration, it could be a potential candidate for the treatment of metastatic cancer.

Migration and health study: a socio-ecological analysis of sexual health among migrants in Manitoba, Canada

BackgroundTo develop effective public health policies, programs, and services tailored to the unique sexual health needs of migrant populations, it is essential to understand the myriad socio-ecological factors that influence their sexual health. This qualitative community-based participatory study aimed to explore factors influencing migrants’ sexual health at different socio-ecological levels in a Canadian setting.MethodsParticipants (n = 34) from African, Caribbean, Black; Latin American; South Asian; Middle Eastern, as well as East and Southeast Asian communities were recruited across Manitoba using printed flyers, community organizations, and social media. Individual interviews, conducted in English, French, Mandarin, Cantonese, Tagalog, Arabic, Swahili, and Tigrinya languages, explored questions relating to sexual health and experiences with service providers. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and socio-ecological systems theory.ResultsThe study uncovered a range of individual, interpersonal, institutional, and socio-structural factors that affect the sexual health of migrants in Manitoba. Individual factors such as sexual health knowledge and testing practices, interpersonal factors like the type of sexual partnerships, institutional factors such as sexual health information needs, language, and service access barriers, and structural-level factors like gender norms and HIV stigma exerted a significant influence on the sexual health practices of study respondents. Sexual health awareness was influenced by various factors including length of time in Canada and involvement in community-based services. Study respondents identified issues related to access to HIV testing and sexual health information, as well as language barriers, racism in healthcare, and HIV stigma. Gender and social norms played a significant role in discouraging communication about sex and safer sex practices.ConclusionsThe study highlights the complex interplay of factors that influence the sexual health of migrants, and the need for targeted sexual health awareness campaigns and provision of sexual health information in languages spoken by migrants. Public health interventions focused on improving the sexual health outcomes for migrants should consider the socio-ecological elements identified in this study. These findings can inform public health campaigns to increase access to services and address sexual health inequities among migrant communities in Canada.

Different Modes of Mechanism of Gamma-Mangostin and Alpha-Mangostin to Inhibit Cell Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Concerning CXCR4 Downregulation and ROS Generation.

Two mangostin compounds, gamma-mangostin and alpha-mangostin, show anticancer properties through the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, including MDA-MB-231, highly express C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell migration. This study was performed to analyze and compare different modes of action of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin as antimigratory effects targeted on CXCR4 in MDA-MB-231 as a model of TNBC cell. This study investigated the effect of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin using a series of assays, including Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for cytotoxicity, wound healing assay for migration study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for gene expression analysis, and flow cytometry for ROS measurement, along with in silico study to observe the binding between the compound and CXCR4. The findings revealed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 25 and 20 μM for γ-mangostin and α-mangostin in MDA-MB 231 cells, respectively. Moreover, a concentration of 10 μM was used for the migration assay. Both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin significantly suppressed cell migration within 24 hours. The present gene expression studies revealed the downregulation of key migration-associated genes, namely Farp, CXCR4, and LPHN2, upon γ-mangostin treatment but not α-mangostin. Additionally, both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin increased cellular ROS generation, highlighting the same effect of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin ROS elevation to inhibit cancer cell migration. Molecular docking simulations further suggested a potential interaction between γ-mangostin and α-mangostin with CXCR4 in high affinity. These findings suggest that both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin inhibit breast cancer cell migration and induce cellular ROS levels in MDA-MB-231 cells; notably, γ-mangostin suppresses CXCR4 mRNA expression that might correlate to its activity to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell migration.

“I Don’t Want my Job to Take over my Life”: Psychological Self-Care Perspectives of Early-Career Social Workers in the Field of Migration in Turkey

The aim of the study was to examine the experiences of early career social workers in the field of migration regarding psychological self-care. Three focus groups were conducted with nine social workers who were registered with the Migration Study Commission of the Turkish Association of Social Workers. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA. The analysis is presented through four themes: the motivations for working in the field of migration, the experiences of working in this field, the strategies for psychological self-care, and the recommendations for psychological self-care. The findings show that the caseload of early career social workers is high, they face the language barrier, and there is no effective supervision system. Individual and institutional strategies are used to provide psychological self-care. It can be recommended to reduce the workload, improve the supervision system, implement mindfulness activities, and provide access to mental health services in promoting psychological self-care of early career social workers in the field of migration.

Co-production in public health research: The UK MAMAH Study involving underserved migrant mothers

Abstract Problem Research suggests some migrant women are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity in the perinatal period, however there is a gap in co-produced research to improve care. Description of the Problem The UK National Institute for Health and Care Research defines co-production as ‘an approach in which researchers, practitioners, and members of the public work together, sharing power and responsibility'. Here we summarise learning from the Migration and Maternal Health (MAMAH) Study which aims to co-produce solutions to improve maternity care for migrant women in the UK. Results We struggled to access comprehensive training on co-production, particularly in how to counter power dynamics and recruit a broad range of public participants. Early in the study we appointed a ‘Lead Patient Advisor’ (a migrant women with experience of pregnancy in the UK) who manages the relationship between the academics and the patient advisors. Additionally, we reimburse women's time, childcare, and travel. We have found that online meetings are preferable as women do not need to travel or arrange childcare. We meet our patient advisory panel four times per year. Some women have been directly involved in research such as systematic review screening and qualitative interviewing and have been given formal research training. Lessons Our initial research priorities didn't align with those of the women, and this has helped us to reshape our work. Women say that having a Lead Patient Advisor has made it easier to participate, particularly given some of the issues discussed are traumatic. To mitigate this, we have created additional support resources and offered formal debriefing. Using online interpreters has been challenging, and we have recently split into different language groups to maximise engagement. Overall, we have learned that taking a truly co-produced approach is expensive and time-consuming but has ensured our research prioritises the views of migrant women giving birth in the UK. Key messages • Co-production approaches are increasingly important to funders and represent a key opportunity for researchers to ensure their work has real-world impact. • There is an urgent need for improved training and resources to better equip public health researchers to take a co-production approach.

Migration study of phthalates from non-food plastic containers used in food preservation

Phthalate acid esters (PAE) are used as additives in the formulation of plastics, to increase their flexibility and transparency. They can migrate from plastic packaging to food, then cause endocrine disruption in consumers. This migration depends on the conditions of use defined for each plastic. Non-food plastics are likely to release more PAE than food-grade plastics. In Cameroon, non-food grade plastics such as old paint buckets are used by people to preserve liquid food. The present work aimed at studying the conditions and mechanism of migration of total PAE from paint buckets to pap. For this purpose, the effects of seven factors were determined through Plackett-Burman experimental design. The interactions of the most influential factors were determined through a full factorial design. The conditions of the migration of total PAE were obtained via face-centered composite design. Then experimental results of migration kinetics were modelled according to equations of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion. The results revealed that the most influential factors were pH, temperature and contact time. The effects of these factors are non-linear, and their interactions have to be considered. When pap is preserved in paint buckets according to the conditions: temperature of pap >70 °C, pH of pap ≤4 or ≥10 and contact time > 2 h, as is the case in donut shops in Cameroon, the amount of total PAE released is greater than 50 μg/L. Migration of total PAE from paint buckets to pap is best described by the pseudo-second order model.

Migration Study of Dielectrophoretically Manipulated Red Blood Cells in Tapered Aluminium Microelectrode Array: A Pilot Study.

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is one of the microfluid-based techniques that can manipulate the red blood cells (RBC) for blood plasma separation, which is used in many medical screening/diagnosis applications. The tapered aluminium microelectrode array (TAMA) is fabricated for potential sensitivity enhancement of RBC manipulation in lateral and vertical directions. In this paper, the migration properties of dielectrophoretically manipulated RBC in TAMA platform are studied at different peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) and duration supplied onto the microelectrodes. Positive DEP manipulation is conducted at 440 kHz with the RBC of 4.00 ± 0.2 µm average radius attracted to the higher electric field intensity regions, which are the microelectrodes. High percentage of RBC migration occurred at longer manipulation time and high electrode voltage. During DEP manipulation, the RBC are postulated to levitate upwards, experience the electro-orientation mechanism and form the pearl chains before migrating to the electrodes. The presence of external forces other than the dielectrophoretic force may also affect the migration response of RBC. The safe operating limit of 10 Vpp and manipulation duration of ≤50 s prevent RBC rupture while providing high migration percentage. It is crucial to define the safe working region for TAMA devices that manipulate small RBC volume (~10 µL).

A calcium peroxide incorporated oxygen releasing chitosan-PVA patch for Diabetic wound healing

Impaired wound healing is a major healthcare problem in patients with diabetes often resulting in gangrene, microbial infection and amputation of affected limb. The delay or absence in healing process arises from several abnormalities, among them chronic hypoxia is a major concern due to its associated issues such as lack of collagen deposition, epithelization, fibroplasia, angiogenesis, and resistance to infections at the wound site. To address hypoxia, delivery of oxygen at the wound site through oxygen releasing agents have been proven to be effective therapeutics. Several oxygen releasing nanoparticles such as Sodium Percarbonate (SPC), Calcium Peroxide (CPO), Hydrogen Peroxide, Magnesium Peroxide (MPO) have been investigated in wound healing application. However, the uncontrolled/burst release of these nanotherapeutic agents and its accompanied cytotoxicity pose a barrier in expediting the healing process. In this study, a Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol (CS-PVA) based hydrogel containing oxygen releasing nanoparticle, calcium peroxide (CPO) was constructed to provide a slow and sustained delivery of oxygen for at least 5 days. In-vitro cell culture studies with this material using fibroblast and endothelial cell line exhibited improved biocompatibility, cell viability and enhanced proliferation in comparison with the control group. Additionally, cell migration study using scratch assay method showed superior cell migration ability of our proposed materials. Furthermore, In vivo study using diabetic rat model showed accelerated wound closure rate compared to untreated control wounds.

The self-reflexivity in transnational literature: Re-writing the migration in female migrant writers.

The main aim of this paper is to discuss the socio-political meaning of the transnational literary production made by female migrant writers. Thus, it analyses their role in the framework of the 'hybrid' literary production of the 21st century in Europe, such as Spain and Italy. Moving away from the idea of national literatures, this paper investigates literature as a geographical and emotional inquiry point and friction between languages, ideas, practices, literary institutions, female authors, and female voices in today's markets. Hybrid literature written by first and second-generation migrants and displaced people is part of a huger concept of transnational literature, which breaks down with the idea of national identity and transiting towards a new conceptualization of hybridity in the literary production, also based on the translation of writings to other languages. The research question is about the relation between the transnational literary works, written by migrant women, and the social change. Based on the conceptualization of the Bhabha's 'third space', I will analyse the relation between the positioning of female migrant writers of 21st century and the role of hybridity. The preliminary findings show, firstly, the idea of reconceptualising it appears in light of the complexity of migrant people's realities and sex-gender differences. By adopting an intersectional lens, focused on the dialectic between gender and race/ethnicity and class, this paper analyses the tensions embedded in the re-positioning of four female migrant writers and their transnational experience (self)reflected in their writings. The present research contributes to the scientific knowledge in the field of cross-cultural literary studies, crossed with the migration study, through questioning the changing gender role and relations in transnational migrant literature. In addition, the findings show that today's reflection on 'third space' theory in the diasporic literature seems an idea to be refined when migrant women are involved.

Exploring the Association between Educational Aspirations and Intentions to Migrate among Youth in Central Mexico by Gender.

We assessed the association between educational aspirations and the intention to migrate among 1,446 adolescents aged 11-17 years, living in semi-urban/rural communities in Jalisco, Mexico. Analyses rely on survey data from the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes study. The outcome variable was the intention to migrate, a three-category variable coded as no intention to migrate, intention to migrate within Mexico, and intention to migrate internationally. The main independent variable was the adolescents' educational aspirations, conceptualized as the intention to achieve higher education. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine associations. We found an association between educational aspirations and intentions to migrate, and it was moderated by gender. Girls with the highest educational aspirations intended to migrate internationally, while higher educational aspirations were not a driver for boys' migration intentions. The study findings have implications for education and migration policies and future research.

Parenting in place: Young children's living arrangement and migrants' sleep health in South Africa.

Migration research tends to treat childrearing as a secondary role for migrants. By prioritising the economic objectives of migration, most models present migrants as either delaying childbearing or, if they have young children, not living with them. However, migration has become increasingly feminised, the types of mobility more varied, while the returns to migration remain uncertain at best. At the same time, norms around childrearing are shifting, and the capacity of kin to take care of children may be weakening. In such contexts, migrants may not want to or be able to be separated from their children. Confronting such difficult decisions and their consequences may be reflected in poor sleep health for the migrant parent. We draw on data from the Migration and Health Follow-Up Study (MHFUS) in South Africa to examine the following questions: (i) To what extent is children's coresidence associated with sleep health for migrant parents? (ii) Do effects vary by sex of migrant? and (iii) Do effects vary by location of migrant? Results from propensity score matching confirm that migrants who coreside with all their young children are more likely to experience healthy sleep compared to those who have nonresident or no young children. However, stratified analysis shows that these effects are only significant for women and those not living in Gauteng province. The value of these findings is underscored by the need for research on the well-being of migrant parents who are negotiating multiple agendas in economically precarious and physically insecure destinations.

A Survey on Bio-based Food Packaging Material About the Presence and Migration of Flame Retardants

Introduction: The present work fits in the context of verifying the safety of some food contact materials (FCMs) declared sustainable, checking for the presence of different classes of contaminants and their possible migration. Background: Alternative packaging materials have started to step in the market in substitution to plastic for several years. Most of them come from natural, biological sources to meet biodegradability and compostability. Nevertheless, some contaminants can be present and concerning for human health. Objective: To pursue the goal, we focused on brominated flame retardants, in particular new brominated flame retardants and bromophenols, as they are considered emerging contaminants, and no legislation has been enacted yet. Methods: After the evaluation of their presence in the seven investigated samples, we adopted migration tests into proper simulants recommended by the legislation. The analyses were carried out both by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: All the items taken into consideration contained detectable concentrations of the investigated compounds. The total amount of new brominated flame retardants were considered irrelevant to proceed with the migration study, whereas the migration of bromophenols was studied in deep due to the greater amount present. Conclusion: In overall, the findings obtained on real samples showed that, except in one case the percentage of chemicals migration measured was very low, to be considered not concerning for human health in most of the cases.

Methodological approach to establishing incentives and readiness for labor migration of the digital generation – youth students

The relevance of youth students’ incentives and readiness for labor migration study is related to the challenges in the regional labor markets of the Russian Federation. The aim is to substantiate the approach for the study of the incentives and readiness for labor migration of the digital generation. To develop the methodological approach neoclassical migration theory, principles of new economic theory, migration model of E. Lee are taken. The system model is developed considering D. Tapscott’s network generation concept and SberCIB Investment Research analytics of Generation Z consumer practices. As a result, a systematic model of digital generation stimuli and readiness for labor migration research in the context of educational strategies and work experience is presented. The approach allows, firstly, to establish educational strategies of student youth: career-oriented (I); status-oriented (II); psychological comfort and creativity (III); forced learning (IV); random choice (V). Secondly, to determine correlations between educational strategies and labor practices of young people. For this purpose it is proposed to single out following groups: working students (R); with work experience (O); not working and not planning (N); not working but planning (P). Thirdly, to determine incentives and identify readiness for labor migration for each of the groups.

Abstract 816: Biological evaluation of novel stearoyl gemcitabine nanoparticles in primary pancreatic cancer cells and PDX mice tumor models

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to improve the systemic stability and enhance the anticancer activity of gemcitabine (Gem) by modifying Gem with stearic acid to form 4-N-stearoylGem (4NSG). The 4NSG compound was formulated into solid lipid nanoparticles and tested against patient-derived pancreatic cancer (PCa) cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice bearing subcutaneous tumors. Methods: Gem was modified by linking the 4-amino group of Gem and stearoyl acyl derivative to form 4-(N)-stearoyl-gemcitabine (4NSG). 4NSG was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and elemental analysis. 4NSG was developed into solid lipid nanoparticles (4NSG-SLN) and characterized using a particle size analyzer. Patient-derived primary PCa cells (PPCL-46 and PPCL-68) were treated with GemHCl and 4NSG-SLN. Cytotoxicity, cell migration, and cell-cycle studies were performed to determine the effectiveness of 4NSG-SLN against primary PCa cell lines. We performed antitumor efficacy testing using GemHCl and 4NSG-SLN in PDX mice bearing subcutaneous pancreatic tumors. Results: Analysis of the H-NMR spectra displayed an amide bond at 10.88 ppm, confirming the conjugated bond between the 4-amino group of Gem and stearic acid. The purity of 4NSG was 99.8%. The hydrodynamic diameter (particle size) of 4NSG-SLN was 82±2.3nm, while the blank nanoparticle (SLN) was found to be 35 ± 4.3 nm. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 4NSG-SLN-treated PPCL-46 (IC50 =12 ± 2.1µM) and PPCL-68 cultures (IC50 =22 ± 2.6µM) showed higher cytotoxic activity compared with GemHCl-treated PPCL-46 and PPCL-68 cultures respectively (IC50 = 56 ± 2.4 µM, IC50 = 57 ± 1.5 µM, p-value: p&amp;lt;0.001). Our migration study showed 4NSG-SLN treated PPCL-46 cells at 5μΜ concentrations significantly reduced cell mobility towards the wound area with (28 ± 3.5) number of cells migrated compared to GemHCl treatment which showed (120 ± 3.8). The cell-cycle analysis showed that 4NSG-SLN treated PPCL-46 cells at 5μΜ concentration had a higher G1 population (78.25%) than GemHCl (72.75%). 4NSG-SLN may have triggered apoptosis in PPCL-46 cells (2.45%) at 20μΜ in the S and G2/M phases compared to GemHCl treatments which showed a higher cell population of (9.54%).4NSG-SLN treated PDX mice exhibited a two-fold decrease in tumor growth compared to GemHCl-treated PDX mice bearing tumors. Conclusion: This study reveals that 4NSG-SLNs may potentially prolong Gem's systemic circulation, increase its bioavailability, and, most importantly, enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Gem in the treatment of PCa. Citation Format: Esther K. Frimpong, Andriana Inkoom, Nkafu B. Ndemazie, Raviteja Bulusu, Joy C. Okoro, Bo Han, Jose Trevino, Edward Agyare. Biological evaluation of novel stearoyl gemcitabine nanoparticles in primary pancreatic cancer cells and PDX mice tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 816.