This paper reviews the potential role of agriculture in the Nigerian economy and also evaluates the agricultural sector's performance in order to put the subject in perspective and emphasize the need for reforms. The paper concludes that efforts made by successive governments in Nigeria to boost agriculture were futile. The authors explore the reasons for the failure of an agricultural settlement scheme in the defunct Western Region of Nigeria. Finally, a proposal is offered to renew with modifications the farm settlement scheme on a national scale to encourage agricultural production as well as arrest unemployment and the rural-urban migration in Nigeria.