Context Of Migration Research Articles

New West and Old West in the Twenty-First Century: The Rich Get Richer

The rural U.S. West is increasingly valued for its unique natural beauty, tourism potential, and the outdoor recreational activities it provides rather than for its grazing potential, lumber mills, or extraction of valuable minerals. With this transition in mind, we examine demographic changes in the region within the context of selective migration. We build on research conducted in the late 1990s that studied the changing spatial patterns of migration and income migration within the rural Mountain West. We update the current economic and demographic structure of the region and then document how 1990s patterns have persisted through an analysis of population concentration and income migration using U.S. Census and Internal Revenue Service data. Positive net migration and income migration have focused on New West (high amenity) counties, whereas the Old West, comprised of government, mining and manufacturing, farming, and other (diversified) counties, has fallen farther behind in income migration. Consequently, selective migration to areas of natural beauty and recreation potential has increasingly transformed the rural New West into its own peculiar geography, distinct in demographics as well as environment from the Old West, revealing a growing spatial inequality between these two areas, especially in income and housing.

The Right to Family Reunification of Children Seeking International Protection under the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Misplaced Reliance on Travaux?

Abstract This article focuses on a unique provision, article 9 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which stipulates a right to family reunification for all children, including those seeking international protection. Relying on the rules of treaty interpretation of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), the article argues that the desirable interpretation of article 9 prescribes a positive obligation upon States to provide entry to the territory of a State for the purposes of family unity. It also challenges the prevailing academic view that only article 10 of the CRC applies in the migration context, while article 9 of the CRC is applicable exclusively within State borders. The article contends that the text of these provisions, as well as the context of the CRC, does not support the opinion of a considerable number of scholars, who argue that children seeking international protection fall outside the scope of article 9 of the CRC. It suggests that the interpretation of article 9 of the CRC, using the proper interpretative methodology of the VCLT, demands the articulation of a distinctive child-centred approach to family reunification and a presumption against family separation of children seeking international protection.

Homing and Bodies: Arab Queer Encounters

This article explores issues of homing, nostalgia, and queer Arab bodies by writing through encounters, precisely through encounters with the self and with others. Writing through encounters here is understood as a mode of co-presence of multiple registers of voices and perspectives, never fully stabilised and never quite finished (Ahmed, 2006; Berlant, 2019; Probyn, 2016; Stewart, 2017). Following a ‘theory in the flesh’ (Anzaldúa, 1987), the self is understood as relational (Probyn, 1996), and embedded in a migratory context, navigating streets in Montreal and two countries (Canada and Morocco). The article writing style is composed of heterogenous fragments, vignettes, personal narratives and academic paragraphs to interweave what it means to ‘make home’ for us—queer Arab migrants.

‘HERKUNFT IST ZUFALL’: ZU OFFENEN HERKUNFTS‐ UND HEIMATKONZEPTEN IN DER LITERATUR DER DEUTSCHEN POSTMIGRANTISCHEN GENERATION

ABSTRACTIn the context of present mass migrations, escapes and ethnic wars, the traditional approach to origin and homeland in terms of belonging to an ethnically homogeneous nation, monocultures with one mother tongue and a strictly defined territory are subject to criticism and (re)‐defining. This article presents and analyses examples of four literary works whose authors are representatives of the young post‐immigrant generation in Germany: the prose texts by Saša Stanišić (Herkunft, 2020), Senthuran Varatharajah (Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen, 2017) and Katja Petrowskaja (Vielleicht Esther, 2014), and a radio play by Marina Frenk (Jenseits der Kastanien, 2017). In the selected prose works and radio play, the authors raise the issue of origin and homeland in the context of migration, globalisation, and transcultural movements. The article presents the complex processes of searching for adequate artistic expression for experiences related to disrupting family lineage continuity, loss of homeland as a country of birth, and multilingualism. The traditional patterns of stories about origin and homeland are broken and their semantics are redefined. Hybrid, open and ambiguous narrative forms replace the linearity of cause‐and‐effect chains. Belonging to a multitude of locations and systems, multilingualism, multi‐media, and transcultural strategies are a literary alternative to nationally coded models of origin and homeland.

Redefining Fatherhood in a Migratory Context: A Narrative Inquiry into the Experiences of African First-time Fathers in Belgium.

Many African fathers face practices in their host countries that conflict with the conceptions of fatherhood in their countries of origin. They deal with negative stereotypes, including notions of paternal irresponsibility when it comes to embracing child care. This article looks at how exposure to the Belgian norms of fatherhood may redefine the fatherhood practices of African first-time fathers residing in Belgium. Drawing on a qualitative narrative approach, this article explores the perceptions and experiences of African migrant fathers in Belgium and examines how they adapt to a different fathering culture. The findings show that while African first-time fathers acknowledged their primary role as providers, they also embraced new practices that transgress defined gender lines in African culture. In the absence of a larger family support network, respondents face the responsibility of providing prenatal and postnatal support and sharing in child care responsibilities. Findings also shed light on how African fathers with European partners engage in shared decision-making and negotiate on core African values such as male circumcision.

How safe is this trip? Judging personal safety in a pandemic based on information from different sources.

In a preregistered experiment, we presented participants with information about the safety of traveling during a deadly pandemic and during a migration trip using five different sources (a news article, a family member, an official organization, someone with personal experience, and the travel organizer) and four different verbal descriptions of the likelihood of safety (very likely, likely, unlikely, and very unlikely). We found that both for the pandemic and migration contexts, judgments about the likelihood of safely traveling and decisions to travel were most strongly influenced by information from the respective official organizations and that participants also indicated greater willingness to share information from official organizations with others. These results are consistent with the established finding that expert sources are more persuasive. However, we also found that, regardless of source, participants thought that it would be safe to travel even when told that it was unlikely or very unlikely to be safe. Additionally, participants did not discriminate between the grades of likelihood description (such as between likely and very likely or between unlikely and very unlikely), suggesting that in the contexts examined directionality matters much more than attempts to communicate more fine-grained likelihood information with verbal phrases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The shifting context of immigration for recent Latino/a immigrants over the past decade: Findings from an established immigrant receiving community in the U.S.

Shifts in immigration patterns over the past decade have indicated steep increases in South American and Central American immigrants arriving in the U.S., largely within the context of forced migration. They arrive amid a tension-filled sociopolitical climate with increasing anti-immigration rhetoric, and policies designed to limit immigration, all of which serve to exacerbate immigration stress. However, knowledge on the changing patterns of immigration stressors faced by recent Latino/a immigrants (RLIs), and how these may differ across national Latino/a sub-groups, remains limited. This study explores differences in immigration stressors between two cohorts of RLIs who arrived in the U.S. ten years apart (2009 vs. 2019). Overall, distinct differences across country/region of origin are examined. Higher levels of immigration stress in the 2019 cohort compared to 2009 were hypothesized. Baseline data comparisons were conducted from two longitudinal cohort studies of RLIs in South Florida. Inclusion criteria consisted of being a Latino/a immigrant, 18–34 years old, residing in South Florida, who immigrated to the U.S. from a Latin American country within the past year. Results revealed overall decreases in immigration stress in 2019 compared to 2009. Differences across demographics and context of immigration were also found. Results suggest that well-established immigrant-receiving communities with dense ethnic enclaves may provide increased availability to culturally- and linguistically congruent environments and support systems that shield RLIs from immigration-related stress. These findings provide important insight into the distinct experiences of RLIs and fresh perspectives into future research, programs, and policies that target the changing needs of this population.

The conserved Pelado/ZSWIM8 protein regulates actin dynamics by promoting linear actin filament polymerization.

Actin filament polymerization can be branched or linear, which depends on the associated regulatory proteins. Competition for actin monomers occurs between proteins that induce branched or linear actin polymerization. Cell specialization requires the regulation of actin filaments to allow the formation of cell type-specific structures, like cuticular hairs in <i>Drosophila</i>, formed by linear actin filaments. Here, we report the functional analysis of CG34401/<i>pelado</i>, a gene encoding a SWIM domain-containing protein, conserved throughout the animal kingdom, called ZSWIM8 in mammals. Mutant <i>pelado</i> epithelial cells display actin hair elongation defects. This phenotype is reversed by increasing actin monomer levels or by either pushing linear actin polymerization or reducing branched actin polymerization. Similarly, in hemocytes, Pelado is essential to induce filopodia, a linear actin-based structure. We further show that this function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 is conserved in human cells, where Pelado inhibits branched actin polymerization in a cell migration context. In summary, our data indicate that the function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics is conserved, favoring linear actin polymerization at the expense of branched filaments.

The European Case for International Security

Armed conflicts between states and friction within international organizations, not forgetting wars in the economic-technological, and economic-commercial dimension, including issues related to natural resources, raw materials, and energy, are part of an attempt to position elites in a new axiological-political space. This article takes up the complex and contentious issue of the security crisis in the European dimension, with an emphasis on international and transnational issues, while focusing on the transformation of the existing political, social, axiological, and cultural order. In other words, the issue concerns the new paradigm of civilization, which has been taking shape on a global scale since the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The main intention and purpose of the study is to present the complex problem of specificity of the European security, pointing to the processes and phenomena that change the architecture of the world order, taking into account the international, transnational, and migration contexts. As far as the diagnosis of the current international situation is concerned, it concerns the conviction about the regression of the old civilization and cultural patterns, valid in the 19th and 20th century, and the formation of a new paradigm from the turn of the 20th and 21st century (until 2019), determining the economy, politics, and society.

The 'Myth of Zero-COVID' Nation: A Digital Ethnography of Expats' Survival Amid Shanghai Lockdown during the Omicron Variant Outbreak.

This study presents a digital ethnography of expats’ survival amid the Shanghai lockdown during the Omicron variant outbreak. This study drew insights from studies on resilience and secondary coping within the context of global migration to comprehend the diverse emotional challenges faced by expats in a series of lockdowns and persistent nucleic acid amplification tests. Thus, this study asks what the major emotional challenges expats faced and what sources of social support they could draw from citizens in their host country during the Shanghai lockdown. Accordingly, this study collected WeChat group conversations to draw empirical findings, promoted scholarly conversations about fundamental survival necessity, and traced the process for establishing intercultural collective resilience with citizens from their host country. Overall, this study emphasized the significance of host country members who can promote certain coping mechanisms for their visitors in the specific regional and geographical context of China.

Migratory Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Armenia

The socio-economic, political, and even cultural consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic are more than obvious. They affect the whole world and are relevant in all spheres and levels of social and public life. Numerous anti-pandemic measures, mainly the closure of borders, restrictions on the movement of citizens, and isolation hit the businesses and economies of different volumes and intensities. The spheres of tourism and services are special here and the ones where the organization of activities is based on the circulation of people and face-to-face interactions. The effective functioning of a number of social institutions was disrupted. Negative consequences were also relevant in the case of various migration flows. Having been actively involved in the migration for many years, the Armenian society is not immune to the effects of Covid-19. Based on the available literature, articles, reports, various publications and rich statistical data, the article presents in detail the impact of the pandemic on Armenian migration processes. The paper introduces the migration context of Armenia, the effects of the pandemic on the activities of a number of migrants and related groups. Conflicts of adapting to and overcoming the crisis, formal and informal tactics, approaches and practices are analyzed.

Global human mobility and knowledge transfer: Highly skilled return migrants as agents of transnational learning

AbstractGlobal human mobility constitutes a key mechanism for knowledge transfer. This study examines the micro‐dynamics of knowledge transfer in the developed‐developing country migratory context. It highlights the agentic role of return migrants in transforming overseas learning into relevant knowledge in their home contexts. Drawing on situated and relational theories of knowledge and learning, the study views knowledge transfer as a relevance discovery process. It looks at a group of highly skilled migrants who had returned from developed countries to Ethiopia. Despite their high skill, the focus of knowledge transfer was mostly in non‐technical fields that include a broad range of organizational knowledge and work practices. These were made relevant to the local context through the returnees’ ‘work of reconciliation’, involving ‘engagement’, ‘alignment’ and ‘imagination’. The study challenges the standard assumption of a one‐way linear flow of knowledge from developed to developing countries. It sheds new light on the migration‐development link by highlighting the ‘aspirational’ aspect of migrant transnational learning.

From the reception crisis to the provoked crisis. Evolution of denominations in the Belgian migratory context

This discourse analysis examines the production, use, and circulation of denominations constructed on the basis of the NS the crisis to designate the migration phenomenon in Belgium. Through their usage by the various actors involved in migration, denominations turn into objects of conflict in discourse. This discursive tension reveals the roles each actor plays in producing and circulating terms about the migration phenomenon, as well as the issues implicit in the denominations themselves.

From the reception crisis to the provoked crisis. Evolution of denominations in the Belgian migratory context

La présente analyse de discours s’interroge sur la production, l’usage et la circulation des dénominations construites sur base du syntagme nominal la crise pour désigner le phénomène migratoire en Belgique. Utilisées par les différents acteurs de la migration, celles-ci deviennent des objets de lutte en discours, donnant à voir le rôle de chaque acteur dans la production et la circulation des dénominations du phénomène migratoire et les enjeux que portent celles-ci.

Public service interpreting and translation training: a path towards digital adaptation to machine translation and post-editing

ABSTRACT The ever-increasing demand for immediate access to information means interpreters and translators are increasingly using, and relying on, digital technology in their work. In the migratory context, machine translation (MT) and post-editing (PE) have the potential to greatly increase the efficiency of public service interpreting and translation (PSIT), which is currently experiencing huge demand. This article describes and evaluates the implementation of a module focused on MT and PE within a postgraduate PSIT programme at a Spanish university. A mixed-methods methodology was used to collect both quantitative data (via a questionnaire) and qualitative data (via a reflective essay) from a group of 42 students during the 2020–2021 academic year. The results show that students were satisfied overall with both the content of the module and its implementation. However, they also felt that the module needed to be better integrated within the postgraduate PSIT programme as a whole in order to fully prepare them for their professional careers.

Informal Commercial Cooking by Brazilian Women in France: Between Assignment, Emancipation and Networking

In order to resist precariousness and to boost autonomy in their new country of residence, Brazilian women cook dishes associated with their homeland and sell them to other Brazilians in the city of Lyon. Through informal activities, not legally declared in France, adapted from their country of origin, they alleviate the social and economic difficulties of their daily lives. Thus, they bear witness to the way in which food, in a migratory context, can be part of a know-how that becomes valuable through cultural distance. Such valorization does not only concern recipes and techniques but also includes trade practices widely present in Brazil. Although immigrant women emancipate themselves through this activity, particular social rationales assign them to care activities.

From Berji to Kristin: Discussing the Concept of the ‘Translated Being’ within the Context of Migration

This paper seeks to explore the concept of translated being within the context of migration and the migrant in Berji Kristin: Tales from the Garbage Hills. Berji Kristin tells the story of rural migrants who move to a big city in search of a livelihood, building a shantytown on a garbage hill on the outskirts of the city, and settling in their makeshift huts. In the light of the transformation of the rural migrants from innocence to decline, as symbolized by the change in the names “Berji” and “Kristin,” the study focuses on the nature of the relation between translation and migration and explores the conceptual and symbolic meanings that translation offers. The study also points out that the translated beings in Berji Kristin are represented through female attributions. Focusing on the theoretical implications of the relationship between translation and migration and exploring how postcolonial approaches brought insight into contextualizing the concept of the translated being, the study highlights that translation, in the context of migration, firstly refers to the movement from one culture to another. Translation, secondly, refers to the transformation of the migrants and their endeavors to survive in an unfamiliar environment.

Working “With” or “On” Moroccan Migrant Mothers

Abstract In the context of marriage migration, women are believed to be held back or constrained by their husbands, family and religion from integrating and partaking in (regular) citizenship and Dutch courses, which denies their agency as both wives and citizens. Additionally, their personal choice to become mothers is believed to exacerbate their position as passive citizens: becoming a mother supposedly leaves little time to invest in integration courses, especially since day-care services are an important threshold. As these representations and policies are often not based on rigorous research that consults these migrant women, this research aims to fill this gap by bringing together the gendered representations and policy views on marriage migration, and lived experiences and desires as articulated by migrant women themselves. Another aim is to find out how exactly Moroccan migrant women navigate these structures as affective migrant mothers, and the role of religion in this.

Saving and Spending Habits of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and Their Families in Region Xi, Philippines

This study on spending and savings pattern of Overseas Filipino Families (OFWs) and their left behind families is an attempt to understand the social and economic context of Filipino migration. Specifically, the study hopes to describe where the hard-earned money of OFWs goes and on whether or not they are able to save. Patterns of spending and saving of their left behind families were also investigated. The study employed a mixed methods research approach particularly survey of 150 respondents composed of 75 OFWs and 75 left behind families. An in-depth interview of 15 left behind families and key informants’ interview of three officials of the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) and Mindanao Migrants Center for Empowerment (MMCEAI) were also conducted to support findings of the survey. Significant findings of the study revealed that the top three spending items of OFWs include remittance to family back home, food and communication. The left behind families, on the other hand, spend the money they receive on education, food, utilities and transportation. The OFWs and their left behind families are able to save and invest. The study also found that some significant correlations exist between and among the following variables such as age, number of years working abroad, type of work, amount saved and amount of remittance. Major recommendations of the study include Financial Literacy and Investment training be given to OFWs and their families. The same trainings should be part of PDOS and Orientation modules given to OFWs and their families.

ETYMOLOGY AND MEANING OF THE CONCEPT OF ACCULTURATION

Any system of interpersonal and intercultural relationshipsposes topical questions for the researcher and stimulates the process ofidentifying relevant answers. Our attention is focused on the influenceof one culture on the other, i.e. on the phenomenon of acculturation. Thepurpose of the article is to provide a brief excursus into the history ofthe concept discussed.In general, acculturation (Latin acculturare from ad — towards, at,for and cultura — education, development, culture) presupposes the partialadoption of an alien culture by an individual, a group, or society.The concept applies primarily to knowledge, values, norms, skills, habits,techniques, beliefs, and language. Acculturation may lead either tothe enrichment or to the disappearance of a culture, i.e. to its assimilation. The term acculturation originated from British and American culturalanthropology. It was used to describe the effects of cultural interactionwith a new alien culture during the process of colonization in the late19th century (Powell, J. W. 1880, Boas, F. 1896, Thurnwald, R. 1932,Redfield, R. 1935, Herskovits, M. 1938, Linton, R. 1940).In the early 20th century, the term began to appear in American dictionariesand encyclopedias. The second half of the 1930s is characterizedby a heightened interest in the systematic study of acculturationprocesses, reflected in the works of many scientists, namely Herskovits,M., Redfield, R., and Linton, R. Memorandum for Acculturation (1936);Herskovits, M. Acculturation: The Study of Culture Contact (1938), Manand his Works: The Science of Cultural Anthropology (1948); Linton,R. Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes (1940), etc.Until the 1950s, the research in the field of acculturation was limitedto the studies of changes in cultural traditions under the influence ofWestern civilization. However, since the ’50s and ’60s, the research hassignificantly expanded its horizons. Franz Boas claimed that alien cultureinfluenced everyone’s development.In the context of globalization and mass migration, the scientific conceptof acculturation remains rather significant.