Behaviour Of Migrants Research Articles

The Impact of Migration on Smoking among Colombian Migrants

Background: Colombian migration globally has had many consequences. This study focuses solely on the smoking behavior of Colombian migrants. This study addresses how the act of international migration impacts the likelihood of smoking among Colombian migrants. Smoking has been found to be the leading cause of preventable death, and so it is a health risk for Colombian migrants. This study pertains to the communities sampled in Colombia, where the migrants originated. Methods: This study uses the Latin American Migration Project to address how migration impacts the smoking behavior of Colombian migrants. Using logit regression, the statistical analysis predicts the likelihood of smoking among Colombian migrants. This study compares the smoking behavior of current and former Colombian migrants, which is compared to that of Colombian non-migrants. Because current and former migrants were surveyed, the study is able to control for health selectivity. Results: After accounting for health selectivity, the study finds that migration, as measured by time abroad, is positively and significantly related with the smoking of migrants relative to non-migrants. Additionally, this study shows that former migrants are more likely to smoke than current migrants, providing support for the salmon effect. Conclusion: This study adds to the literature on smoking by studying an understudied group, Colombian migrants, and provides a better measure of the impact of migration on smoking behavior by accounting for health selectivity and the salmon bias. The findings are consistent with assimilation theory, as more time abroad is associated with negative health behaviors that are common in the culture of the receiving country, but the fact that such behaviors are harmful to the migrant is consistent with the immigrant health paradox.

Миграционная преступность как криминологическая проблема

The criminal behavior of migrants is complex and diverse in content and consequences in the socio-legal sphere, which can lead to the commission of new crimes. In this regard, the problem of ensuring security for local residents and the state as a whole becomes urgent, in connection with which it is advisable to talk about criminological security. The results of the analysis of migration crime in recent years allow us to come to the conclusion that the crime level, which reflects the commission of crimes by foreign citizens or stateless persons, as well as citizens of the CIS, shows a negative upward trend, and the degree of involvement of migrants in illegal activities is expressed in the same way high latency. Moreover, with the process of globalization, migration crime is developing into more dangerous varieties.

Феномен релокации (Модели экономического поведения российских мигрантов после февраля 2022 г.)

The events of February 2022 became the starting point of a new wave of Russian emigration. On the one hand, this phenomenon can be considered within a series of previous migration waves, on the other hand, the modern context leaves its imprint on the current migration process, making it very special from the economic and sociocultural perspectives. The article presents an attempt to analyze this specificity with an emphasis on the characteristics of the economic behavior of emigrants. Empirically, the study is based on a series of in-depth interviews with people who left Russia after February 2022. On the basis of these interviews, the authors built idealized cognitive models of possible options for the economic behavior of migrants. The authors considered a total of four models: relocation, which involves searching for a job in the host country; relocation, which involves remote work for a Russian company; relocation, which involves creating or moving one’s own business; relocation to a branch of a Russian company. Since the economic strategies of migrants are influenced by signals broadcast by the Russian government structures, the article analyzed the statements of representatives of these structures using the method of network cognitive mapping, which made it possible to reveal two types of official discourse in relation to those who left Russia, which differed in the extent of their criticism towards them. In general, the study showed that migrants of the latest wave are internally heterogeneous and fall into several groups that differ markedly in their motivation and patterns of economic behavior. At the same time, a significant part of them continues to cooperate with Russia in one way or another and, in principle, is ready to return to Russia. For them, migration is driven largely by security and/or economic reasons. Only a minority of emigrants left the country due to their disagreement with the current political course and consider the possibility of coming back only if the political course changes radically.

Healthcare-seeking behavior and spatial variation of internal migrants with chronic diseases: a nationwide empirical study in China.

Individuals migrating with chronic diseases often face substantial health risks, and their patterns of healthcare-seeking behavior are commonly influenced by mobility. However, to our knowledge, no research has used spatial statistics to verify this phenomenon. Utilizing data from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey of 2017, we conducted a geostatistical analysis to identify clusters of chronic disease patients among China's internal migrants. Geographically weighted regressions were utilized to examine the driving factors behind the reasons why treatment was not sought by 711 individuals among a population sample of 9272 migrant people with chronic diseases. The results indicate that there is a spatial correlation in the clustering of internal migrants with chronic diseases in China. The prevalence is highly clustered in Zhejiang and Xinjiang in north-eastern China. Hotspots were found in the northeast (Jilin and Liaoning), the north (Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin), and the east (Shandong) and also spread into surrounding provinces. The factors that affect the migrants with no treatment were found to be the number of hospital beds per thousand population, the per capita disposable income of medical care, and the number of participants receiving health education per 1000 Chinese population. To rectify this situation, the local government should "adapt measures to local conditions." Popularizing health education and coordinating the deployment of high-quality medical facilities and medical workers are effective measures to encourage migrants to seek reasonable medical treatment.

Effects of nocturnal celestial illumination on high-flying migrant insects.

Radar networks hold great promise for monitoring population trends of migrating insects. However, it is important to elucidate the nature of responses to environmental cues. We use data from a mini-network of vertical-looking entomological radars in the southern UK to investigate changes in nightly abundance, flight altitude and behaviour of insect migrants, in relation to meteorological and celestial conditions. Abundance of migrants showed positive relationships with air temperature, indicating that this is the single most important variable influencing the decision to initiate migration. In addition, there was a small but significant effect of moonlight illumination, with more insects migrating on full moon nights. While the effect of nocturnal illumination levels on abundance was relatively minor, there was a stronger effect on the insects' ability to orientate close to downwind: flight headings were more tightly clustered on nights when the moon was bright and when cloud cover was sparse. This indicates that nocturnal illumination is important for the navigational mechanisms used by nocturnal insect migrants. Further, our results clearly show that environmental conditions such as air temperature and light levels must be considered if long-term radar datasets are to be used to assess changing population trends of migrants. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.

The Burden of Protozoal and Helminth Intestinal Infections and Related Risk Factors Among the Households of Migrant Construction Workers in Bhopal.

There are a few existing gaps and paucity of literature from Southeast Asia on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among migrant construction workers. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to address this gap among migrant construction workers and their households in Bhopal. The study design included an interview questionnaire survey prior to the enrollment of participants and stool sample collection. The stool samples were processed according to the study protocol of macroscopy, occult blood testing, microscopy techniques combined with modified acid-fast, and sedimentation techniques. Participants were deemed positive if they exhibited microscopic findings in one out of three stool samples per recruit.We recommended clinical consultation for these cases and provided a report. Direct therapeutic intervention was not part of the study. The total recruits were 361. The predominant age group was young, i.e., aged 21 to 30 years(122/361, 33.8%), with the majority of females (55.2%). Most workers were occupied with work of digging soil (47.4%). The majority of participants (93.1%) practiced open field defecation (OFD). The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among migrant workers and households was 36.9% (133/361). Monoinfection was 88.7%, with 41% fromEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar.MonoinfectionwithHymenolepis nana (10.2%)was apredominant helminth. The most commoncoinfection observed was ofGiardia intestinalis with Ancylostoma duodenale (26.7%). Hand washing was the only independent predictor with an odds ratio of 3.6. Migrant behavior of the construction workers and their households was the major reason for not reaching the benefits of deworming schemes for childrenand vulnerability to intestinal parasitic infections.

Exploring return intentions from the young migrant’s point of view

Purpose: This paper investigates migration behaviors of young migrants to identify the main factors influencing their return intentions. Recognizing that return migration decision-making is a complex and multidimensional process, the paper sheds light on two under-researched topics in migration literature: return migration intentions and young migrants. Methodology: Using a mixed theory approach that accounts for both individual and contextual factors as determinants of possible return, the paper utilizes data obtained through surveys of Croatian migrants. It proposes an ordered logit regression model based on three composite variables—economic success, social integration, and cultural shock—to calculate the return intention probability. Results: The results show that the variables of economic success, social integration, and cultural shock, which were determined through factor analysis, play a significant role in shaping return migration intentions. In particular, the perceived level of social integration has the most significant influence on the likelihood of intention to return, indicating that young migrants are not solely or predominantly motivated by economic factors. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the factors influencing migrants’ return intentions overlap, and as a result, no single theory is adequate for providing a comprehensive understanding of young migrants’ return intentions. For the majority of Croatian migrants, it seems that the myth of return does not exist; they do not plan to return. These findings constitute a valuable foundation for developing migration policy recommendations for both the host and home countries.

Investment Pattern of Gulf Migrants in Thiruvananthapuram District: A Critical Analysis

The study examines the economic behavior of Gulf migrants in terms of their savings habits, investment preferences, and the impact of their financial decisions on the local economy. This article aims to provide insights into the socioeconomic dynamics of Gulf migration and its implications for both migrants and the host community. The findings underscore the need for tailored policy interventions to harness the potential of remittances and investments for sustainable development in Thiruvananthapuram district. Keralites living in gulf are wealth of India and Strength of Kerala. Remittances receive serve as a key source of income for Kerala’s economy. The migrant household utilize the bulk of the remittance from the gulf countries on consumption, savings and investment. It has been recognized as a powerful tool for income generation and employment.

The Impact of Migration on Socio-economic Development from A Research Review and Policy Implications for Dealing with Migration in the Mekong Delta

Migration is an inevitable social phenomenon in the development of mankind. By means of a research review, the article analyzes the impact of migration on socio-economic development. The results show that migration has a positive impact on poverty reduction and human capital; however, migration also negatively affects the health behaviors of migrants, urban poverty, and social problems. From the findings, the article provides policy implications for dealing with migration in the Mekong Delta in the coming years.
 Keywords: Migration, the impact of migration, socio-ecomonic development, Mekong Delta.

Impact of perceived discrimination and coping strategies on well-being and mental health in newly-arrived migrants in Spain.

To explore how perceived discrimination impacts the emotional well-being and mental health of newly-arrived migrants in Spain; and to identify the coping strategies and behavioral changes used to deal with perceived discrimination. 102 individual audio-recorded in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed through content analysis. Negative emotions related to perceived discrimination included disgust, sadness, fear, loneliness, humiliation, sense of injustice, rage, feeling undervalued or vulnerable, and mixed emotions. Change in behaviors due to perceived discrimination comprised westernization or cultural assimilation, creating a good image, avoiding going out or leaving alone, hypervigilance, stop participating in politics, self-sufficiency, a positive adaptation, and paradoxically, becoming an oppressor. The identified coping strategies to deal with perceived discrimination were ignoring or not responding, isolation, self-medication, engagement in intellectual activities, leisure and sport, talking or insulting the oppressor, denouncement, physical fight or revenge, seeking comfort, increasing solidarity with others, crying, or using humor. Discrimination-related stress and related mental health problems were conveyed, as challenges related to substance abuse and addictive behaviors, mood, and anxiety. Findings establish initial evidence of the great impact of perceived discrimination on the health, emotional well-being, and behavior of newly-arrived migrants in Spain, alerting to the need for targeted policies and services to address the effects of discrimination in this population. Further research is needed to explore more closely the causes and effects of perceived discrimination on mental health, to develop more targeted and effective interventions.

Reproductive Behavior of Migrants from Central Asian Countries in the Moscow Agglomeration

Most migrants arrive in the Moscow agglomeration from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. In the absence of statistical data on the contribution of immigrants to the registered birth rate, the study sets a goal, based on the results of sociological research, to analyze the reproductive behavior of migrants from these countries. The article provides an analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the problems of migrant fertility and substantiates the lack of knowledge of the reproductive behavior of migrants from Central Asian countries. A working definition of the category “reproductive behavior of migrants” is proposed. To develop theoretical and methodological approaches and tools for measuring the reproductive behavior of migrants from Central Asian countries, general methodological techniques were used, as well as methods of working with documents, analyzing statistics and surveying. The analysis of the reproductive behavior of migrants is based on the results of a questionnaire survey of citizens of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, conducted in February– March 2023. The survey of Muscovites is included in the research program for a comparative assessment of the reproductive behavior of migrants from Central Asian countries and residents of Moscow and the Moscow Region. The reproductive behavior of migrants is considered based on the characteristics of marital status, children, attitudes of reproductive behavior, the system of life values, and the value orientations of migrants from Central Asia that influence the reproductive behavior of migrants. The results of the study can be used by authorities in preparing and implementing a set of measures aimed at the demographic well-being of the capital. The study is not representative in nature, since the selection of migrant respondents is possible only based on a non-random sample using a targeted selection method based on three criteria: citizenship, place of residence and work, age.

Overcoming challenging telemetry data of giant sunfish Mola alexandrini (Molidae) in Bali, Indonesia

The ocean sunfishes Mola spp. (Family Molidae) are charismatic marine megafauna that are difficult for nature-based tourism operators to target due to their sporadic occurrence. However, the giant sunfish M. alexandrini is seasonally important for the SCUBA tourism industry in Bali, Indonesia, where these molids seek cleaner-fish interactions on the reefs of the local Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Lombok Strait. Little is known of their movements, including their apparent seasonal affinity to the Nusa Penida MPA. We tagged 8 fish with Fastloc GPS tags; however, intermittent surface visits and crepuscular diving habits, combined with early tag dislodgment and tag transmission failures, yielded a challenging data set to analyze. We overcame this difficulty with a geolocation model (HMMoce) that was parameterized to leverage the complex topography of the study region, be robust to data sparsity, and accommodate switching between distinct resident and migrant behaviour states. The results revealed small-scale movements whereby the fish exhibited particular affinity to bathymetrically complex, intense upwelling areas around Nusa Penida, the east coast of Bali, and an inter-basin trough to the north. Dive patterns suggested that the molids were foraging in these oceanographically dynamic areas. Our findings suggest that the Lombok Strait is at least of seasonal importance to this species, and the local SCUBA tourism industry likely relies on individual fish that re-visit the reefs of the Nusa Penida MPA multiple times during the sunfish season.

Migrants' Voter Turnout in the Home Country Elections: Non‐Integration or Political Anchor?

The transnational political participation of migrants has been extensively analyzed in the literature. Previous explanations focus on individual determinants ranging from political interest or efficacy to social ties or socio-demographic characteristics. So far, little attention has been paid to the contrast between factors related to their lives in two different countries. The present article adds to this burgeoning literature by identifying and comparing the effects of several attitudes and behaviors of migrants in the host and home country on their voter turnout in home country elections. We use individual-level data from a survey conducted in 2022 on 1,058 Romanian migrants living around the world. The results indicate that migrants who remain anchored in the politics of their home country—without necessarily striving to return—and those who are engaged in their host communities are more likely to vote. Migrant voter turnout is not determined by poor integration in the host society.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF AVIATION FUEL IN THE HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF CHILD MIGRANTS LIVING ALONG THE UGANDA–KENYA BORDER AT BUSIA

This study aimed to understand the health-seeking behaviors of the child migrants, commonly known as Chokola, who live along the Uganda–Kenya border at the town of Busia. The study used qualitative data collection methods: in-depth interviews, life-histories, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. At the border, Chokola are accorded a marginal status and identity, limiting their health rights. Chokola face many health challenges, some of which arise from risky sexual behaviors and practices. Their health problems include gonorrhea, HIV, malaria, and cholera. The Chokola in our study exhibited specific health-seeking behaviors, with sniffing aviation fuel being the most pronounced. Although this practice was intended to alleviate common ailments and discomfort, it was also reported to have side effects ranging from loss of appetite to early death. Sniffing aviation fuel as a health-seeking behavior is a construction of individuals. Chokola constructions of the efficacy of aviation fuel are inculcated during socialization and are supported by a shared belief in the fuel as a panacea. Scientific views regarding the risks of side effects are irrelevant to them. In terms of access to health services, Chokola are vulnerable and require affirmative action and targeted interventions.

AGE AT MIGRATION, DURATION OF RESIDENCE, AND FERTILITY AMONG FEMALE MIGRANTS INTO JAVA

Java Island has become main destination for inter-regional migrants in Indonesia for decades. Previous studies has shown that migration can be expected to have a strong effect on fertility behavior of female migrants. The objective of this study is to examine fertility patterns of internal female migrants into Java Island. The generalized poisson regression models are used to investigate the socialization, the disruption, and the adaptation hypotheses in explaining the fertility differences between migrants and non-migrants. This study finds that the fertility rate for migrants is higher relative to the non-migrants. The analysis shows that first, there is a fertility assimilation process in migration into Java Island with fertility increasing gradually with age at migration. Second, there is a fertility disruption process in migration into Java Island with short-term fertility-lowering-effect of migration event. However, this study find no evidence on fertility adaptation process in migration into Java Island.

Moult migrant Tennessee Warblers undergo extensive stopover in peri-urban forests of southern Quebec

Stopovers are the most energy- and time-consuming events during avian migration, yet individuals of certain species make long stopovers to moult (“moult migration”). Requiring abundant energy and a prolonged stay, moult migrants should occupy small stopover home ranges in resource-rich habitats. Understanding migrant behaviour at their stopovers is critical for implementing conservation efforts for declining Neotropical passerines. To examine the stopover timing and habitat use of one such moult migrating passerine, we radio-tagged 18 moulting and 4 post-moult Tennessee Warblers ( Leiothlypis peregrina (A. Wilson, 1811)) at an autumn stopover site. Although our data were biased towards one sampling year, moult migrants generally arrived at the stopover site earlier (average = 2 August) than post-moult migrants (average = 12 September). Moult migrants also stayed longer (46 ± 5 days) than post-moult migrants (8 ± 6 days) and had large overlapping stopover home ranges (∼15 ha) that were dependent on high abundance of forest (%) and forest edge (m). We conclude that Tennessee Warblers occupied forested stopover sites within a peri-urban landscape where they successfully moulted before continuing migration. This study illustrates the importance of including stopover sites in conservation plans, particularly in cities where quality habitats are scarce.

The Seasonal Migrants Spatially Affect the Park Green Space Accessibility and Equity under Different Travel Modes: Evidence from Sanya, China

The influx of seasonal migrants has a significant impact on public services in destination places and may reshape the spatial accessibility and equity patterns of park green space (PGS). However, the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method and its extended forms neglect discrepancies between the travel behaviors of seasonal migrants and native residents and thus fail to delineate variations in PGS accessibility and equity in areas with seasonal migrants. To avoid this issue, this study drew on the case of Sanya, a city with large numbers of Houniao, who are primarily retirees leading seasonal migration between the north and the south of China. A multi-group, multi-mode Gaussian-based 2SFCA method was also proposed to evaluate the PGS accessibility and equity before and after the Houniao influx. The method considered the changes in the COVID-19 restrictions from a refined perspective, with fine-scale residential areas being the research units and travel time requested from the web map application programming interface. The results showed that most residential areas were found to have relatively low PGS accessibility and equity levels, except for those in the south-central and southwestern urban areas of Sanya. Both the Houniao influx and lifted COVID-19 restrictions affected the spatial patterns of PGS accessibility and equity. PGS accessibility and equity were decreased by the Houniao influx, whereas walking and public transport within a few residential areas outside Houniao gathering spots improved. This study can serve as a basis for the reasonable planning of PGS and other public services in cities receiving seasonal migrants, such as Sanya.

The varying effects of residential built environment on travel behavior of internal migrants and locals

The built environment impacts multiple dimensions of travel behavior of urban residents. However, limited research has explicitly unveiled how these impacts vary between diverse socioeconomic groups, especially internal migrants versus locals, notwithstanding hundreds of millions of internal migrants are living in cities in developing countries. Hence, employing a large-scale travel behavior survey dataset collected in Xiamen (China) in 2015 and applying the propensity score matching method, this study comparatively examines the differentiations in responsiveness of such two groups to the built environment. The results demonstrate that (1) the effects of the built environment on travel behavior differ between internal migrants and locals in some dimensions (e.g., active travel frequency and duration); (2) the built environment has larger effects on all the travel dimensions of locals than on those of internal migrants, implying the existence of “transportation assimilation” and a temporal lag effect; (3) the internal migrants are less impacted by residential self-selection effects. These findings can enlighten decision-makers about more nuanced, targeted, and socially inclusive intervention strategies, thus effectively accommodating the travel demands of both locals and internal migrants.

Strategic priorities of Polish migration policy during the Russian-Ukrainian war

The Russian-Ukrainian war, along with security and defense issues, brought a change in priorities in the management of migration flows to the agenda. The purpose of the article is to clarify the strategic priorities of Polish migration policy, caused bythe mass migration of Ukrainians. The methodological basis of the research is:interdisciplinary approach, methods of logical analysis, synthesis, forecasting. The article analyzes international and national documents and legal acts that determine Polish migration policy. Special attention is focused on the extreme development of the legal framework of Polish migration policy in relation toUkrainians. On the basis of sociological surveys, the author singles out the two most common variants of the attitude of Poles towards Ukrainian migrants: 1) those who think that Poles should by all means support Ukrainians; 2) those who think that the Poles should help the Ukrainians, but in moderation, for example, to cover the primary needs duringa certain time period. It is natural that the views of ordinary Poles are determined by their own interests, so they believe that citizens of other countries should not enjoy all the benefits at the same level as Polish citizens. The development of standards, principles, rules of behavior of migrants and their integration into Polish society are primarily the directduties and responsibilities of public authorities. The strategic goals of Polish migration policy, formulated before the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war and recorded in documents, remain relevant, only their priority and methods of achievement change. The first positions are now occupied by the ollowing goals – ensuring safe conditions for Poles and persons currently living in Poland; soft integration of migrants into Polish society. Key words: strategy for responsible development, polish migration policy,migration of Ukrainians, perception of Ukrainians, integration of foreigners, strategic priorities.

A Study on the Health-Related Issues and Behavior of Vietnamese Migrants Living in Japan: Developing Risk Communication in the Tuberculosis Response.

Ensuring a healthy lifestyle for the increasing number of Vietnamese migrants living in Japan is a key public health issue, including infectious disease responses such as tuberculosis (TB). To develop risk communication in relation to the TB response, this study aimed to explore the health issues and health-related behaviors of Vietnamese migrants living in Japan using a mixed method. A survey was conducted on Vietnam-born migrants, aged 18 years and over, in Tokyo. The survey consisted of questions on the following components: (1) demographics; (2) health-related issues and behavior; and (3) health-seeking behavior, information, and communication. A total 165 participants participated in the survey. The majority of the participants were young adults. 13% of the participants responded that they were concerned about their health. Moreover, 22% and 7% of the participants reported weight loss and respiratory symptoms, respectively. 44% of the participants answered they had no one to consult about their health in Japan when they needed it, and 58% answered they had no awareness of any Vietnamese-language health consultation services. Logistic regression analysis revealed that people who contact family members living in Vietnam or overseas using social networking services (SNSs) when they needed to consult someone about their health (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52-24.43) were more likely to present with one or more of the typical TB symptoms, compared to those who did not consult someone in this manner. Current smokers (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.15-8.23) were more likely to have health problems compared to non-smokers. The key informant interviews revealed that individual factors, the health system, and socio-environmental factors may hinder Vietnamese migrants' health-seeking and health-information-seeking behaviors in Japan. TB risk communication approaches for migrants need to be developed considering their health-related behaviors while addressing their health needs.