Migrant Adolescents Research Articles

Emotional Intelligence among Native and Migrant Adolescents at Sultanpur District: A Comparative Study

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Adolescence is the transitional phase of growth and development from childhood to adulthood. It is the period of critical development of physical and mental changes that takes place quickly with emotional changes among them. Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, use, and manage your own emotions as well as those of the others around you in positive way. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study was to identify the emotional intelligence among normal and migrant adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on120 adolescents, selected randomly in different areas of Sultanpur District. The general information sheet and the Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Hyde et al (2001) were used for data collection. <strong>Results:</strong> The study clearly revealed that native and migrant adolescents exhibited differences in understanding emotions, motivation, empathy and handling relations. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Emotional intelligence of a child has a prominent and very potent role in overall personality development. Understanding one’s own emotions as well the others is influenced by many prominent factors like the living environment, family support system, the school, the peer group etc. Migrants move from one place to other place for their livelihood, they don’t have standard pattern of life style and support, children of these families, hence get influenced by many external stimuli and to avoid influence of negative stimuli, counselling sessions may be of great help. </p>

A neglected population: Sexual and reproductive issues among adolescent and young Venezuelan migrant women at the northwestern border of Brazil.

Adolescent and young women (10-24years old) are a neglected group in humanitarian settings and their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs are habitually ignored. Our study aims to assess main SRH issues affecting migrant Venezuelan adolescents and young women in Boa Vista, Roraima at the northwestern border of Venezuela-Brazil. A cross-sectional study with a self-responded questionnaire with information about SRH was conducted in 153Venezuelan adolescent and young migrant women at Boa Vista, from January 18 to 23, 2021. A descriptive analysis was performed. Mean age was 17.7years and two-thirds were under 20years old. The majority (84%) were living on the streets. Most of them (54%) reported that they had at least one previous childbirth, 10% were pregnant at the time of the interview, 30% of them were not attending prenatal care. The main SRH concern was contraception (35%); however, 75% of those interviewed who went to a healthcare service were unable to obtain the method of their choice and for 91% no other contraceptive was offered. Migrant Venezuelan adolescents and young women in Boa Vista have their SRH needs overlooked. Efforts to address these SRH needs, especially during the pandemic, require urgent attention.

Cumulative Risk and Hopelessness among Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrant Adolescents

Cumulative Risk and Hopelessness among Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrant Adolescents

Work, Stressors, and Psychosocial Adjustment of Undocumented Guatemalan Adolescents in United States Agriculture: A Mixed-Methods Approach.

This research focused on undocumented male Guatemalan migrant adolescents' experiences and stressors in United States agriculture. Study 1 applied a phenomenological method to explore work-life experiences of Guatemalan minors (n = 10) aged 15-17 (Mage = 16.4). Findings highlighted three themes (1) "Just keep pushing forward," (2) "It feels ugly but that's life," and (3) "I have to do everything on my own." Using a separate sample, Study 2 examined the association between stressors and depressive symptoms among Guatemalan migrant adolescents (n = 28), aged 15-20 (Mage = 17.71). Results showed loneliness, social isolation, and work conditions as correlates for depressive symptoms. Findings highlighted a distinct developmental path among migrant farmworker adolescents and offered insight into their resilience and developmental threats.

The Third Transitional Identity of Migrant Adolescents. The Case of Hotel House, an Italian Multi-Ethnic Skyscraper-Ghetto

The adolescent’s identity achievement is a complex task, even more so if they are migrants living in a particular context of ethnic ghettoization. Hotel House is an enormous, isolated condominium situated on the outskirts of Porto Recanati, a small Italian town. It is a unique reality poorly studied from a social psychological perspective. The present paper aims to measure the perceived levels of self-concept clarity, self-determination, ethnic group identification, relationship with parents, depression and life satisfaction in a group of 91 adolescents (11–19 years; 30% females; 1.5 immigrant’s generation) living in this context. The analysis shows low levels of self-concept clarity and self-determination, especially in female adolescents, quite satisfactory relationships with their parents and medium levels of group identification and life satisfaction. The identification with their ethnic subgroups seems to provide a third transitional identity which works as a temporary link between native country values and host country values. The regression analysis shows significant associations: self-determination is negatively associated with depression and positively associated with the perception of life satisfaction; the father’s closeness is a negative predictor for depression and a positive predictor for life satisfaction; mother’s closeness is negatively associated with depression.

Self-Construals, adjustment problems and coping styles of internal migrant and non-migrant adolescents

Adolescents’ self-development processes, the problems they encounter, and the way they overcome these problems tend to vary based on the culture they are a part of. As internal migration is a phenomenon that brings change to the culture, this study explores adolescence self-construals, adjustment problems, and coping styles in the context of internal migration. A cross-sectional and correlational design was employed in the study. The study data was collected from 979 adolescents. Of those, 410 were internal migrants, whereas 569 were non-migrants from Turkey. 46% of the participants were female and 58% were male. The age range of the participants was 14–18. Results showed that heteronomous-related self-construal was observed more commonly among non-migrant adolescents who used social support to cope with stress more than their peers. There was no difference between non-migrant and internal-migrant adolescents in terms of their adjustment problems. However, there were statistically significant relationships between adolescents’ self-construals, adjustment problems and coping styles in the context of internal migration. The study results and implications were also discussed based on the related literature.

Inclusive HIV Prevention in South Africa: Reaching Foreign Migrant Adolescent Girls

Within South Africa's HIV epidemic, foreign migrant adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) face unique challenges in an environment typified by xenophobia and structural inequity. The intersection of age, gender, and migrant-related factors creates threats that may exacerbate their HIV risk, including discrimination, limited social capital, and economic dependency. This paper explores HIV-related determinants of risk from the perspective of foreign migrant AGYW who participated in a Girls' Club project implemented by Community Media Trust. Within clubs, foreign migrant AGYW met weekly with a female mentor to discuss HIV, safety planning, financial literacy, and other topics. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with club members and parents to learn about pressing challenges in a context characterized by early sexual debut, high rates of teenage pregnancy, and relationships typified by material exchange. FGDs addressed HIV risk factors such as social isolation and limited access to services, exacerbated by migrant-related stigma and discrimination and lack of identity documents. The foreign migrant AGYW appreciated the role of the Girls' Clubs and mentors in helping them overcome barriers to school and health services as well as building their social and other assets. FGD results indicate that HIV prevention in South Africa should prioritize action to address the specific determinants of foreign migrant AGYW's HIV risk, as well as inclusive policies that recognize migrants' heterogeneity based on gender and age.

El Contexto Escolar y la Salud Mental de Adolescentes Migrantes y no Migrantes en la Ciudad de Barcelona

The continuous international migration flow invites us to reinvent ourselves to create inclusive societies at intercultural level. Coexistence, as a model based on the mutual integration of locals and migrants, is still a challenge to face in Europe and Spain. This study aims to identify which mental health and resilience variables influence school integration used as a proxy for psychosocial well-being by comparing a sample of migrant and local adolescents. Through a quantitative methodology, school factors, disruptive behaviors, and resilience were measured in 132 students aged between 12 and 18 years old. The results reveal that although mental health scores are similar in both groups, mental health and contextual resilience are more critical for the migrant adolescent population than for the local one. Clearly identifying the relationships between school related factors and mental health offers the possibility of designing effective interventions within the educational context.

Home Away from Home: Examining Adolescent Refugees’ Well-Being in Australia

Abstract This article examines the correlation of post-migration factors and in particular parental mental health with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and happiness levels of adolescent refugee migrants in Australia, with a special emphasis on associated age and gender differences. Data were sourced from the child module in the 2015–2016 Building a New Life in Australia data set. Results indicate that factors associated with happiness are quite different from those associated with PTSD and this varies across gender and the age groups of 11–14 and 15–17. For example, discrimination related to religion/culture and language have different correlation with boys’ and girls’ well-being measures. While father’s education and mental state have no significant association with any well-being measure, mothers’ education plays some role. Of concern is the intergenerational correlation of mother’s PTSD with their daughters. The results in this study caution against a one-size-fits-all approach to intervention and suggest that a targeted focus on older and younger adolescents further differentiated by gender is likely to be more effective.

이주배경 청소년의 차별 경험과 적응 과정에 관한 질적 분석

The purpose of this study is to explore how migrant adolescents recognize and overcome discrimination and social prejudice experienced in school and social adjustment process. In this study, in-depth interview data were collected for 19 youths from migrant backgrounds and analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory approach. As a result, the study found 120 concepts, 17 categories and 42 subcategories derived through open, axial, and selective coding. The central phenomenon is ‘recognition of differences and experiences of discrimination’ and the core category is ‘having positive aspirations by overcoming negative environments’. ‘Multicultural environment change and migrant background’ works as a causal condition, and ‘social support and foreign language ability’ are found as intervening conditions. As a contextual condition in which discrimination experiences and adjustments take place, ‘entering public education system and the relationship with the mother country’ are derived. Migrant adolescents try to adapt to school and social life through various interaction strategies in order to respond to the central phenomenon.

Between Theory and Reality: The challenge of distinguishing between trafficked children and independent child migrants

The offence of child trafficking appears to have a clear definition in the UN Trafficking Protocol and in laws based on it. In practice, this is an illusion. This article reviews the experiences of three countries (Benin, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam), in two of which anti-trafficking laws and policies regard a broad swath of children who migrate to earn a living, without being subjected to coercion, as victims of trafficking. It questions whether the definitions in international law and in the laws of many countries of what constitutes the crime of trafficking committed against a child are appropriate to distinguish between adolescent migrants in general and those who are victims of crime (at the hands of a trafficker) in particular. It suggests that this is in part because there is no international understanding about the ages at which children habitually leave home to find work and what should be done to protect them when they do. It concludes that a possible result of considering a very broad range of children to be ‘trafficked’ is that measures to protect and assist those who suffer acute harm are inadequate.

Latent profiles and transition of perceived parental control and their relationship with the psychosocial well-being among rural-to-urban migrant adolescents.

The present study examined what, if any, patterns of parental control are associated with multiple indicators of psychosocial well-being and whether changes in these patterns over time predict subsequent psychosocial well-being. Latent profile analyses and latent transition analyses were applied to identify subgroups of parental control and transitions of these patterns over time among rural-to-urban migrant adolescents who participated in two waves of surveys with 6-month interval in 2014 (NT1 =660, NT2 =553). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore their relationship with psychosocial well-being. Four latent profiles were identified based on levels of parental control at wave 1 and wave 2, respectively. The high psychological and behavioral control (HPHB) group was associated with worse psychosocial well-being whereas the low psychological control and high behavioral control (LPHB) group exhibited opposite relationships. Six transitioning groups were identified: "stably low-risk" (14.92%), "stably medium-risk" (7.37%), "stably high-risk" (24.49%), "floating LPHB" (26.52%), "high-decreasing" (15.10%), and "low-increasing" (11.60%) groups. The "stably high-risk" and "low-increasing" groups showed a higher risk in psychosocial well-being. Youth exhibiting higher risks of parental control (i.e. individuals in HPHB groups and higher-risk transition patterns over time) should prioritize for interventions and services.

The relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old in Shenzhen

Objective: To analyze the relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia of children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years old in Shenzhen. Methods: From April to May 2019, 26 618 children and adolescents from 14 schools in six streets of Baoan District, including Fuyong, Shajing, Xin'an, Xixiang, Songgang and Shiyan, were included in the study by using random cluster sampling method. The demographic characteristics, migration status, self-reported myopia, screen time in the last seven days, outdoor activities in the last one month and other information were collected through the questionnaire. The differences of myopia among children and adolescents with different characteristics were compared by χ2 test, and the relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia was analyzed by multivariate unconditional logistic regression model. Results: The age of 26 618 study participants was (12.37±3.49) years old, and the overall prevalence of myopia was 49.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for relevant confounding factors, compared with migrant children and adolescents of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years, those of migrant workers who had migrated for more than 6 years had a higher risk of myopia [OR (95%CI): 1.48 (1.14-1.92)]. After being grouped by phase of school, in the lower grade group of primary school, the children and adolescents of migrant workers who had migrated for more than 6 years had a higher risk of myopia compared with those of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years [OR (95%CI): 1.96 (1.20-2.74)]. In the high school group, compared with the children and adolescents of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years, those of migrant workers who had migrated for 3-5 years and ≥6 years had a higher risk of myopia [OR (95%CI): 6.03 (1.29-28.15) and 6.52 (1.51-28.11), respectively]. Conclusion: The migration time is related to the prevalence of myopia of the children and adolescents of migrant workers.

Oral Health and Dental Service Utilization of Foreign Residents and Multicultural Families in Korea: a scoping review

Background: Research on oral health and dental service utilization of foreign residents and multicultural families in Korea will play an important role as a fundamental data for establishing future oral health policies in the multicultural society.Objective: In this scoping review, previous studies on oral health and dental service utilization of foreign residents and multicultural families in Korea were reviewed, and the studies were classified according to research participants and research purposes. The variables related to oral health and dental service utilization and socio-demographic factors were also analyzed. Through this systematic review of literature, the limitations of existing research and future research directions were suggested.Design: Korean databases such as Korean Medical Database (KMbase), DBpia, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and National Assembly Library were investigated to collect data regarding oral health and dental service utilization. Afterretrieving the references, the title and the abstract of the literature were reviewed and their relevance was screened. Full text screening was conducted and a total number of 42 studies were selected, which met the inclusion criteria.Results: After careful review and analysis of 42 studies, the following results were obtained: (a) the research participants were married migrant women, multicultural children and adolescents, foreign workers, and foreign students (four types), of whom the most frequent was marriage migrant women (45.5%) and (b) the research purposes were oral health behavior, oral health status, dental service utilization, oral health belief, oral health knowledge, and oral health education (six types), of which the most frequent was oral health behavior (39.7%).Conclusion: This research takes a systematic approach to exploring research participants, purposes, variables related to oral health and dental service utilization, and demographic variables of foreigners and multicultural families residing in Korea. According to the findings, the most published research topic of research participants was 'marriage migrant women' and oral health behavior has the highest number of publications in research purposes.

The Relationship Between Family Functioning and Internalizing Problems in Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Research has consistently found that poor family functioning is a risk factor for adolescents' internalizing problems. However, studies of the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation are insufficient. In this study, we explore the association between family functioning and adolescents' internalizing problems by testing the mediating roles of positive youth development (PYD) attributes and the moderating role of migrant status. A large cross-sectional sample of 11,865 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 14.45 years, standard deviation = 1.55 years) were used to measure internalizing problems, family functioning, PYD, migrant status, and other demographic information. After controlling for covariates (age, gender, grade, and socioeconomic status), the results revealed that PYD mediated the relation between family functioning and internalizing problems. Moreover, migrant status moderated the relationship between family functioning and internalizing problems. Specifically, the effects of family functioning on internalizing problems were stronger among local-born adolescents than among migrant adolescents. The findings indicate that improving family functioning and PYD attributes may be promising approaches to prevent/reduce adolescent internalizing problems.

Adolescent attendance at transcultural psychotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Migrant adolescents in therapy for psychological problems are at risk of poor attendance or even of dropping out. Transcultural psychotherapy has been developed in France to take cultural diversity into account in psychological treatment and to deal with the specific difficulties encountered in the psychotherapeutic treatment of this population. This study aims to assess adolescents' attendance rates to this form of psychotherapy and to explore the association of these rates with demographic, cultural, and clinical variables. We conducted a retrospective clinical cohort study of 148 adolescents aged from 11 to 20years treated between 2008 and 2018 at two transcultural psychotherapy centers in Paris. Statistical analyses tested demographic, cultural, and clinical hypotheses. The main resultwas the high attendance rate at transcultural psychotherapy sessions among adolescents (77.8%). Attendance rates were not associated with age, gender, family size, generation of migration, or cultural area of origin, but were significantly linked to support in therapy, specifically, the presence at the first transcultural psychotherapy session of the first-line therapist, an interpreter, or both. Transcultural psychotherapy appears to be an effective method for addressing the complex symptoms experienced by migrant adolescents. Better attendance at sessions is statistically significantly associated with factors favoring a therapeutic alliance, specifically, the presence of the first-line therapist or an interpreter in TPT sessions and the existence of support from a social worker. The holistic approach of transcultural psychotherapy to adolescent care may explain the high attendance rates observed.

Clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviors among migrant, left-behind and local adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundInfluence of migration on externalized behavioral problems (e.g., aggressive) among adolescents has been well assessed, yet lifestyle behaviors of migrant, left-behind and local adolescents have been largely overlooked by researchers and policy-makers. Therefore, this study aimed to identify clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviors and their associations with migrant status among Chinese adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 in Beijing, and Wuhu city (Anhui province). Adolescents self-reported age, gender, family economic status, migrant situation, and lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen time, sleep, smoke, soft-drink, alcohol, fruit and vegetable consumption) via a battery of validated questionnaires. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify behavioral clusters using Mplus 7.1. ANOVA, and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine associations between migrant situations and behavioral clusters using SPSS 22.ResultsThree distinct behavioral clusters were exhibited among 1364 students (mean age: 13.41 ± 0.84 years): “low risk” (N = 847), “moderate risk” (N = 412) and “high risk” (N = 105). The “high-risk” cluster had the highest prevalence of adolescents not meeting healthy behavioral recommendations. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of high-risk lifestyle among migrant, left-behind, rural local and urban local adolescents. But migrant adolescents had the lowest prevalence of low-risk lifestyle, followed by left-behind, rural and urban local adolescents. Moreover, compared with urban local, migrant (OR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.88,3.94), left-behind (OR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.46, 3.55), and rural local (OR = 1.76, 95%CI:1.03,3.01) adolescents had a higher risk of moderate-risk lifestyle.ConclusionsClustering of assessed lifestyle behaviors differed by the migrant status. Particularly, migrant and left-behind adolescents were more likely to have moderate-risk lifestyle compared with their counterparts. Interventions that promote moderate to vigorous physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables simultaneously are needed among them.

Strain, School Type, and Delinquent Behavior Among Migrant Adolescents in China

Guided by the general strain theory, this study compared the delinquent behavior of migrant adolescents in different types of schools with their urban counterparts and investigated whether strain indicators mediated the relationship between adolescents’ migration and school status and delinquency. Survey participants were 485 migrant students (126 are in public schools and 359 in migrant schools) and 836 urban students in 32 middle schools in Guangzhou, China. The findings revealed higher levels of delinquency among migrant adolescents in informal migrant schools but less delinquent behavior among those in urban public schools. Several types of strain were positively associated with delinquency among Chinese adolescents. Moreover, strain variables largely accounted for the differences in delinquency between migrant adolescents in migrant schools and urban adolescents. In contrast, migrant adolescents enrolled in public schools committed fewer delinquent behaviors than urban adolescents when controlling for strain measures. Policy implications of this study were discussed.

Perceived Discrimination and Aggression Among Chinese Migrant Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Previous research has showed that Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents are at high risk for discrimination, negative emotions, and aggression. However, little is known about how discrimination, negative emotions, and aggression are interrelated and whether social support addressing the emotional needs of the adolescents would moderate the relationship of discrimination to aggression. This study attempts to fill these gaps. Based on prior research, it is proposed that perceived discrimination relates to reactive aggression by increasing negative emotions that foster aggressive responses to stressful events. Considering the central role that negative emotions may play, it is also hypothesized that socioemotional support provided by family, friends, and community mitigates the impact of perceived discrimination on reactive aggression by reducing negative emotions. The results obtained from the analysis of two-wave survey data collected from a probability sample of 470 migrant students aged 11–17 (46.17% female; mean age = 13.49) in China supported these hypotheses. The findings indicate that perceived discrimination fosters negative emotions, which in turn increase reactive aggression. Additionally, socioemotional support reduces the adverse impact of perceived discrimination on reactive aggression by weakening the link between perceived discrimination and negative emotions. Practical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Migrant youths: Typical aspects of development during the adolescent years, specific challenges of growing up somewhere else, and some things we need to understand better.

The research presented in this Issue impressively documents the great variety of conditions of live that impact child and adolescent migrants' development. The studies conducted in various receiving countries include young refugees as well as the first- and second-generation offspring of migrant families who left their homes in different areas of the globe. Despite this diversity, theories and empirical findings on processes of normative development could be successfully applied, yielding insights into more general aspects of development At the same time, drawing on conceptualizations that were introduced to specifically address experiences and challenges linked to the situation of migrant and minority populations, such as ethnic identity or acculturation, the articles notably contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of migrant adolescents' lives. While the discussion of the studies in this Issue highlights what we have learned, it also points out what we do not know yet, and where future research is needed.