Middle Size Research Articles

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming for Specialized Education and Home Care Services

Over the years, Specialized Education and Home Care Services (SEHCS) have found their place in the French social in order to support people with visual, hearing or physical disabilities and the overall aging of the population. The development of these activities has brought to light new issues within SEHCS establishments. In this paper, we proposed an mixed-integer linear programming mathematical model to solve the assignment, scheduling and routing problems of a SEHCS. The model is validated through small and middle size instances inspired by a real-life SEHCS example and the solver Gurobi is applied to find the optimal solution. The experimental results highlight the efficiency of our approach since the optimal results show that the solutions perform well as the SEHCS assignment, scheduling and routing problem can be solved in a reasonable time with optimal solution.

Small Wheel Design and Analysis of Omni Wheels in the RoboCup Middle Size League

Small Wheel Design and Analysis of Omni Wheels in the RoboCup Middle Size League

Working conditions of physical education teachers in European higher education institutions

Aim: One of the problems of modern higher education is the so-called "New core curricula", which oblige PE teachers to make many changes in the way they work. PE teachers face several restrictions to provide PE programs that improve students' physical fitness, cognitive development, and overall health. The research aimed to investigate the working conditions of university PE teachers in selected European tertiary institutions. Materials and Methods: The quantitative research employed purposive sampling. Five academics volunteered to collect information on 66 European tertiary institutions located in Poland, Slovakia, Serbia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Turkey, Spain, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Finland and Kosovo. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires with a set of questions concerning characteristics of tertiary institutions and various aspects of working conditions of university PE teachers. Results: Two thirds of the university PE teachers held master's degree in PE since in over 42% of surveyed institutions, a master's degree in physical education was required to conduct PE classes. The majority of PE teachers (84.4%) were employed full-time, and on average worked 38.6 days in an academic year. Significantly more PE teachers with masters and doctoral degrees (p = 0.012) were employed full-time, or fixed term in public, middle size HEIs (p <0.001). In HEIs in cities with less than 500,000 residents, PE teachers were more often encouraged for participation in CPD (p = 0.049). Significantly more public HEIs fully or partially covered the costs of CPD or conferences (p <0.001), whereas in non-public or small HEIs significantly more PE teachers had to finance the costs of CPD. Moreover, significantly more (p =0.037) universities implemented specific PE teachers’ evaluation criteria with a personal record of their achievements. Conclusion: There is a pressing need to improve qualifications of university PE teachers, as many European HEIs do not support PE teachers in CPD. Furthermore, lack of CPD opportunities, low salaries and lack of career promotion perspectives combined with lower psychological resilience, may result in professional burnout syndrome.

Data Analysis for the Aero Derivative Engines Bleed System Failure Identification and Prediction

Middle size gas/diesel aero-derivative power generation engines are widely used on various industrial plants in the oil and gas industry. Bleed of Valve (BOV) system failure is one of the failure mechanisms of these engines. The BOV is part of the critical anti-surge system and this kind of failure is almost impossible to identify while the engine is in operation. If the engine operates with BOV system impaired, this leads to the high maintenance cost during overhaul, increased emission rate, fuel consumption and loss in the efficiency. This paper proposes the use of readily available sensor data in a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system in combination with a machine learning algorithm for early identification of BOV system failure. Different machine learning algorithms and dimensionality reduction techniques are evaluated on real world engine data. The experimental results show that Bleed of Valve systems failures could be effectively predicted from readily available sensor data.

Anatomical and morphometric study of goat middle ear ossicles (Capra aegagrus hircus)

ABSTRACT The social and economic roles of goat farming in Northeastern Brazil, allied to the fact that the use of goat middle ear ossicles for research and human ear surgery training has not yet been proposed, justify the study of their applicability as an experimental model. The middle ears of 19 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) from the bone collection of the Laboratory and Didactic Anatomy Museum of Domestic and Wild Animals of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF) were dissected. The malleus, incus, and stapes were evaluated regarding their macroscopic morphology and biometry (length, width, and height). Ossicle morphology was similar to sheep, human, and bovine morphology. The malleus was 1.3 times heavier and 2.2 times longer than the incus, and 9.0 times heavier and 3.7 times longer than the stapes. The size relationship was positive between the stapes and the malleus and negative between the stapes and the incus. It is concluded that the middle ear size and the anatomical similarities with human ossicles make goats a useful model for experimental scientific studies, reconstructive surgery practice of the ossicular chain, and human ear surgery training.

Implementation of high-voltage kicker system for “ROSTU” middle-size league robot soccer

Middle-size robot soccer is one of the divisions that competed in national events such as the National Indonesia Robotics Competition and international competitions such as the middle size league (MSL). One of the main components in soccer robots is the kicker system. The kicker system is expected to be high torque, robust, and safe. In this work, a high voltage kicker system is designed and evaluated to substitute ROSTU's previous kicker system. This high voltage solenoid-based kicker system works at 380V and uses the electromagnetic force principle to move a ball. The performance criteria of the kicker system are it can move a ball with a mass of around 1 kg for a minimum range of 3 m and control the charging and discharging process in high voltage conditions. The experiment results show that the kicker system can move a ball with a mass of 1.06 kg, a difference kick distance from 100cm to 350cm, and a monitoring system that can show information about the capacitor voltage and system status.

Dynamic control of steerable wheeled mobile platforms applied to an eight-wheeled RoboCup Middle Size League soccer robot

In the RoboCup Middle Size League two teams of mobile robots play soccer against each other. During the game, agility, i.e. the ability to quickly change the direction of platform movements, is important to react or anticipate fast on the intention of opponents to efficiently perform maneuvers like ball shielding and interception. Therefore, high accelerations are desired which ideally would ask all wheels to contribute to traction in the target direction. However none of the current omnidirectional wheel-based robots in the league offers such a feature. Each pair of wheels can rotate independently about its suspension axis . The new configuration brings new challenges in control: the platform becomes kinematically nonholonomic due to the kinematic constraints around the pivot axes, but it is shown that in the context of the driving task the controller can keep the wheel configurations such that they can generate a force and torque in the directions needed by the task. Hereby, the restriction to minimize the position-error in its three degrees of freedom with respect to a predefined trajectory is relaxed by taking only the degrees of freedom relevant for the task into consideration. A cascaded control strategy is proposed that combines kinematic and dynamic control and also addresses the control-allocation problem. Compared to a full kinematic approach as typically applied on steerable wheeled systems, 2.3 times higher translational and 1.8 times higher angular velocity are demonstrated. For the translational acceleration and angular acceleration, improvement factors of 2.7 and 3.2 are achieved, respectively. The platform made a successful debut during the RoboCup Portuguese Open 2019, showing the robustness of the proposed approach.

Relationship of uric acid, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide with acute cerebral infarction.

The objective was to study the relationship of serum uric acid, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels with acute cerebral infarction. A total of 96 acute cerebral infarction patients were divided into small, middle, and large infarct size groups based on the size of infarct focus and mild, moderate, and severe infarction groups based on the evaluation criteria of nerve defect degree. In addition, 75 healthy people were selected as the control group. The serum uric acid, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels of all subjects were detected. The serum uric acid, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in the acute cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Compared with the small infarct size group, each index in middle and large infarct size groups was significantly increased (p<0.05). Compared with the middle infarct size group, each index in the large infarct size group was significantly increased (p<0.05). The serum uric acid, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in moderate and severe infarction groups were significantly higher than the mild infarction group (p<0.05). Compared with the moderate infarction group, each index in the severe infarction group was significantly increased (p<0.05). The serum uric acid, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were positively correlated with the infarct size and nerve defect degree (p<0.05). The serum uric acid, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels are closely correlated with the occurrence and development of acute cerebral infarction. The detection of these indexes has significance for understanding the severity of acute cerebral infarction, guiding the individual treatment scheme, and evaluating the prognosis.

ALGORITMA GENERATE AND TEST UNTUK OPTIMALISASI MASALAH RUTE PERJALANAN

The common of urban city problem is a traffic jam, and it is heavily affect the public transportation service quality. Many cities in tropical countries suffer of heavy traffic jam due to the populaition of motorbike. According to Central Java Province Government, in 2014 the population of motorcycle is 439.418 units with the ownership ratio at 0.75 unit/person. Solo is one of typical middle size city in Central Java, Indonesia. Solo suffers from traffic jam in particular time of the day and it affect the quality of service of batik solo as the mass transportation service in Surakarta. This research would like to help the community get the optimal travel route with the fastest time, especially at the busiest times. The method used is Generate and Test algorithm. This method is a combination of Depth First Search and Backtracking. This research is conducted to get information about the influence of traffic volume, service road level and traffic jam level toward the time needed for Batik Solo Trans to find the optimal route. There is a route that been selected to be the most optimal route by considering the factors that influence it and the algorithm applied

A new middle Eocene bunodont artiodactyl from the Erlian Basin (Nei Mongol, China)

ABSTRACT A new genus and species of middle size bunodont artiodactyl (Mammalia), Erlianhyus primitivus, is established based on a partial maxilla with P3–M3 from the lower middle Eocene Irdin Manha Formation, Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China. Erlianhyus is characterised by a low tooth crown, bunodont cusps, a protocone smaller and lower than the paracone on P4, a large metaconule, reduced paraconule, no hypocone and styles on M1–3, and weak crista between the main cones on the upper cheek teeth. Erlianhyus is more similar in dental morphology to the Asian Myanmarius, Myaingtherium and Siamotherium rather than to other artiodactyls. Our cladistics analysis shows that Erlianhyus is positioned outside of the anthracotheriid-suoid-dichobunoid clade and is located more basally within the Artiodactyla, so now it is not referred to any known family or superfamily in artiodactyls.

Peritoneal dialysis modality transition and impact on phosphate and potassium serum levels.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) modalities affect solute removal differently. However, the impacts of switching PD modalities on serum levels of biomarkers of different sizes are not known. Our objective was to analyze whether a change in the PD modality associates with the levels of two routine biochemical laboratories. In this multicentric prospective cohort study. we selected all patients who remained on a PD modality for at least 6 months and switched PD modality. Patients were also required to be treated with the same PD modality for at least 3 months before and after the modality change. The primary outcome was change in potassium and phosphate serum levels. We identified 737 eligible patients who switched their PD modality during the study. We found mean serum phosphate levels increased during the 3 months after switching from CAPD to APD and conversely decreased after switching to from APD to CAPD. In contrast, for potassium the difference in the mean serum levels was comparable between groups switching from CAPD to APD, and vice versa. In conclusion, CAPD seems to be as efficient as APD for the control of potassium serum levels, but more effective for the control of phosphate serum levels. The effect of a higher removal of middle size molecules as result of PD modalities in terms of clinical and patient-reported outcomes should be further explored.

A new species and a new record of &lt;i&gt;Meghimatium&lt;/i&gt; Slugs (Pulmonata: Philomycidae) in Korea

Until now, five species (Meghimatium bilineatum, M. fruhstorferi, Limax flavus, L. marginatus, Deroceras reticulatum) in three genera of families Philomycidae and Limacidae have been reported in Korea. Philomycidae is a family of air-breathing land snails. Meghimatium hongdoensis sp. nov. is described based on its middle size (60-80 mm in body length), its body coloration (dark-red yellow), no dorsal with streaks, its genitalia, and 16rDNA sequence analysis. Specimens of this new species were collected from Hongdo island, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. This species is only known from the type locality at Hongdo to date. It could be found in high-humidity sites. Meghimatium uniforme (Laidlaw 1937) was the first one reported in Korea. It was also collected from Gageodo island, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. In this study, morphological characteristics including their radula and genital structures of these two species were described. Preliminary results of mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these species belonged to the Korean clade.

Relative vices and absolute virtues: How size labeling affects size preferences for vices and virtues

In the present work, we draw upon construal level theory and appraisal theory to propose a link between two vital elements of consumption that can influence product size preferences: the vice or virtue nature of products and types of size labeling. Three experiments demonstrate that by labeling a vice product with relative size labels (i.e., small/medium/large) and a virtue product with absolute size labels (i.e., ounces), consumer size preferences can be increased. These alignments lead consumers to experience more positive affect generated by imagining the good they are doing for their bodies (with absolute labeling of virtues) or focusing on the positive feelings of indulgence (with relative labeling of vices), leading to larger preferred sizes. Further, these effects are suppressed by increasing the ambiguity of size labeling, with ambiguous size labels leading to size preferences that appear to be based on a compromise effect (i.e., picking the middle size option).

INVESTIGATIONS OF AUTOENCODER HYPER-PARAMETERS ON ANOMALY DETECTION

Most of anomaly detection techniques, such as density-based methods, often perform inefficiently on the high dimension of network data because the curse of dimensionality phenomenon. Our previous work presented a novel approach of using the feature space of AutoEncoders (AEs) as a new feature representation for addressing this problem. In this study, we attempt to investigate the characteristics of the latent representation of AEs. Thus, we first discuss the hypothesis of using the latent representation in more details, and extend several experiments showed in the previous work. Following this, we design three intensive examinations (an investigation on the middle hidden layer size, an evaluation on the performance of the hybrid and an exploration on latent data). These aim to get insight into the latent representations of AEs, which is fundamental for designing good latent representations in the future work. This paper closes with analysis and discussion on the experimental results.

Modeling the viral load expelled in saliva droplets carrying SARS-CoV-2

One of the most likely routes of transmission of COVID-19 is through the saliva droplets that are produced while speaking, coughing or sneezing by infected people. The expelled droplets, measuring between 0.4 and 450 μm, follow trajectories determined, mainly, by the gravitational, and air frictional forces. We solve numerically the equations of motion in which the linear and quadratic velocity terms in the drag force are considered. In order to model the virus load expelled during respiratory events, we assume log-log Gaussian distributions, with peaks around 10 μm, and analyze four size ranges: the aerosol (0.4–5 μm), the small (5.1–10 μm), the middle (10.1–100 μm), and big (100.1–450 μm) droplet size regimes. In the aerosol regime, the frictional forces quickly stop the droplets in their horizontal movement and they fall extremely slowly pulled down by the gravitational force. The residence time, in a calm environment, goes from 3.83 days to 33.3 min. More massive droplets take shorter times and hit the ground meters away from the source. By assuming a constant density of virions per milliliter, we estimate the expelled amount into the environment. The middle and small size droplets contain the highest amount but since the aerosol droplets remain in the air such a long time, they represent also a high risk for infection. We emphasize the importance of face protection to minimize COVID-19, transmission.

Quantifying change of direction load using positional data from small-sided games in soccer

ABSTRACT Rapid changes in velocity and direction place high mechanical loads on players, but are ignored in commonly used load indicators. Purpose : Quantifying change of direction (COD) load through positional data from small-sided games (SSG) and assess its criterion and construct validity. Methods:Elite male youth soccer players (n = 25, 16.8 ± 1.3 years) played three SSG (5v5, 5×4 min) with different field dimensions (small [40×30 m], medium [55×38 m], large [70×45 m]). Positional data of the players was obtained with a Local Position Measurement system. COD load (AU) was quantified based on the combination of velocity and change in heading direction. Additionally, total distance covered, running distance, acceleration count, deceleration count, and Rating of Perceived Exertion were measured. Criterion validity was assessed by correlating COD load and the load indicators. Construct validity was determined by testing the differences between the SSG field dimensions. Results:Strong correlations were determined between COD load and total distance covered (r = 0.74, p < .01) and running distance (r = 0.84, p < .01). Middle and large field size resulted in highest COD load (p < .05). Conclusion:These results suggest that the COD load measure shows sufficient criterion and construct validity.

Treatment-based hospital wastewater characterization and fractionation of pollutants

This study investigated detailed characterization of hospital wastewater, size distribution of major organic pollutants and COD fractionation. In order to estimate the amount of wastewater, water consumption values and number of patients from 1156 hospitals were assessed statistically, and hourly water consumption data of a middle size hospital were recorded. Significant differences were observed in the total water consumption of the hospitals even among the ones having similar bed capacities. The average daily water consumption per hospital was about 140 m3, while the 1st and 3rd quartile were 25 m3 and 150 m3 respectively. Pollutant size distribution (PSD) analysis provided specific fingerprints for COD, BOD, colour and AOX parameters of hospital wastewater. Size distribution analyses resulted that about 20% of the AOX was in size range smaller than 1 kDa which might be attributed to adsorbable iodinated compounds (AOI) generated in iodinated X-ray process. According to the PSD results, it can be estimated that up to 85-90% of the total COD and 75-80% of the total AOX can be removed by direct filtration process using an ultrafiltration-sized membrane. COD fractionation experiments revealed that hospital wastewater has more soluble inert COD content than domestic wastewater with a similar COD concentration. Therefore, slightly higher COD concentrations can be expected at the biological treatment effluent of hospital wastewater compared to domestic wastewaters with similar COD concentrations. The difference may be attributed to the use of various chemicals and cleaning agents of inert properties.

Socialist Industrialization as a Factor of Urban Development and a Difficult Legacy in Košice, Slovakia

The postwar decades were significant for urban development in Central and Eastern Europe since many cities grew rapidly and were industrialized. The Slovak city of Košice illustrates how industrial entities’ localization catalyzes urban development. The development in the years after 1945 changed the city character from middle size provincial town into a large industrial city. Later, the post-socialist transformation redirected this trend and left postindustrial areas within the city structure. From a path dependency perspective, the first phases of socialist and post-socialist periods show similar dynamics as a time of significant changes that set the guidelines for city development.

Side-Arm Assisted Anilido-Imine Based Rare-Earth Metal Complexes for Isoprene Stereoselective Polymerization.

Anilido-imine ligands o-C6H4(NHAr1)(CH=NAr2), in which Ar1 is 2,6-diisopropylbenzyl group and Ar2 contains fluorine (HL1) or methoxyl (HL2) group on ortho-position of phenyl substituent, were synthesized for constructing rare-earth metals based complexes of 1a–1c (HL1 based Sc, Lu, Y) and 2a–2c (HL2 based Sc, Lu, Y). Based on their NMR spectra and X-ray single-crystal structures, the side-arm group of -F and -OMe is identified to chelate to the corresponding central metal. The twisted angles between two planes formed by chelated heteroatoms (N, N, F for HL1 and N, N, O for HL2) are observed, in which the largest dihedral angle (53.3°) for HL1-Y and the smallest dihedral angle (44.32°) for HL2-Sc are detected. After being activated by AliBu3 and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], these catalysts showed great activity for isoprene polymerization. Bearing the same ligand HL1, smaller scandium based complex 1a and middle size of lutetium based 1b provided lower cis-1,4-selectivity (57.3% and 64.2%), larger yttrium complex 1c displayed high cis-1,4-selectivity (84%). Chelating by crowded HL2, small size of scandium complex 2a provided impressive trans-1,4-selectivity (93.0%), middle lutetium based 2b displayed non-selectivity and larger yttrium complex 2c showed clear cis-1,4-selectivity (83.3%). Moreover, 2a/AliBu3 system showed the quasi-living chain transfer capability.

Invasive Potential of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) From the Tributary of the Ganga River, Central India

The natural fishery or wild stock of fishes especially fresh water in India is significantly declining due to manmade stressors. The invasion of fishes and size composition are an essential component of stream, river and other large water bodies ecosystem and represents an evident of structure, function, depth and health of stream/river. During study period 683 specimens of Oreochromis niloticus were collected from February 2019 to January 2020 in Sirsa fish landing centre from the lower stretch of the Tons river at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. Size composition of fishes was varied from 82 to 463 mm (total length). The maximum total length of O. niloticus in the catches indicated that its increasing colonisation success in the river Tons. Size composition of fishes was also indicated that the stock of O. niloticus in the Tons river was in healthy condition. The 231-260 mm size group was most dominated (15.67%) compared to 261-290 mm (12.44%) and 291-320 mm (11.71%) in the total exploited stock. The middle size group was maximum exploited with 51.24% from the Tons river at Prayagraj. Higher size group contributed sizeable proportion with 25.04% in the exploited stock. The exploitation pattern was unsystematic in higher size group due to contribution of higher proportion. Current exploitation pattern is unsystematic but O. niloticus is powerfully invaded from the lower stretch of the Tons river at Prayagraj.