Middle Ear Disease In Children Research Articles

Middle ear disease in young children with sensorineural hearing loss.

Early identification of children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), coupled with the provision of appropriate conventional amplification constitute important elements of a (re)habilitative strategy. Often overlooked, however, is the problem posed by recurrent and chronic middle ear disease in the child with coexisting SNHL. This study focuses on 437 (237 boys and 200 girls) consecutive patients with bilateral SNHL, in the moderate range or poorer, who were diagnosed prior to age 5 years at Boys Town National Research Hospital. The mean threshold shift with effusion was 25.0 dB at 250 Hz, 28.5 dB at 500 Hz, 29.5 dB at 1000 Hz, 24.5 dB at 2000 Hz, and 27.5 dB at 4000 Hz. During a median follow-up period of 3.21 years, 154 (35.2%) of these children required surgical placement of tympanostomy tubes because of the severity of middle ear disease and its impact on auditory acuity. Accurate determination of the degree and audiologic configuration of a SNHL may be seriously hindered by a coexisting middle ear effusion. If initial findings indicate the presence of a middle ear effusion, measures of auditory function must be repeated after the effusion has been resolved by medical and/or surgical intervention.

Effect of prior antibiotic treatment on middle ear disease in children: Howard Faden, Joel Bernstein, John Stanievich. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1992;101:89–92

Effect of prior antibiotic treatment on middle ear disease in children: Howard Faden, Joel Bernstein, John Stanievich. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1992;101:89–92

Effect of Prior Antibiotic Treatment on Middle Ear Disease in Children

The effect of prior antibiotic treatment on the course of otitis media was assessed in a group of 62 children who experienced 83 episodes of ear infection during 3 years of observation. Bacterial quantitation in middle ear fluids demonstrated a significantly higher colony count in symptomatic children (3.9 x 10(4) +/- 12 bacteria per milliliter) compared to asymptomatic children (6.3 x 10(3) +/- 10 bacteria per milliliter; p = .05). Bacterial counts similarly tended to be higher in children with Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.0 x 10(6) +/- 16 bacteria per milliliter) and Hemophilus influenzae (2.0 x 10(6) +/- 16 bacteria per milliliter), who were more often symptomatic (73% and 55%, respectively, versus 38%) than children with Moraxella catarrhalis (7.9 x 10(3) +/- 2). Antibiotic therapy between 3 and 30 days prior to bacterial diagnosis was associated with a reduction in symptoms from 70% to 38% (p less than .025). However, prior treatment did not statistically reduce bacterial colony counts, although S pneumoniae decreased 90% in the previously treated group. Resistance to ampicillin occurred in 0% of S pneumoniae, 39% of nontypeable H influenzae, and 80% of M catarrhalis subjects without prior treatment and in 0%, 46%, and 100%, respectively, of subjects previously treated (p less than .025). These data suggest that prior treatment has a significant impact on the subsequent course of otitis media in children.

Otitis Media in Infants and Children

This useful book has 10 chapters, the first 6 dealing with basic sciences and the last 4 addressing clinical disease and management. The authors are well qualified, having written more about this subject than any of their contemporaries. All their publications have reflected well-constructed, controlled studies. Caveats for initial evaluation of children with otitis media are presented, coupled with a brief differential diagnosis of other conditions that cause conductive hearing loss: traumatic or erosive ossicular chain disruption and atelectasis of the tympanic membrane associated with ossicular discontinuity or an acquired cholesteatoma. There is an excellent section on normal eustachian tube function and dysfunction due to maldevelopment of the cranial base or intrinsic mechanical obstruction by polyps or cholesteatoma. Knowledge of the epidemiology of middle-ear disease in children is a recent development. Longitudinal studies of American Indian and Alaskan children are presented. Otitis media unrecognized by parents, because it was asymptomatic,

Controversies in Screening for Middle Ear Disease and Hearing Loss in Children

GOALS —Charles D. Bluestone, MD, and Thomas J. Fria, PhD The goal of this Workshop was to assemble experts in pediatrics, infectious disease, otolaryngology, epidemiology, audiology, and biostatistics to assess the current status of screening for otitis media in infants and children. The need for such a Workshop has become increasingly apparent with the advent of the widespread use of tympanometry as a case-finding method and the controversies that have surrounded these proliferating screening programs. Specifically, the objectives of the Workshop were to (1) review the state of our knowledge of middle ear disease in children in terms of its epidemiology, diagnosis, management, complications, and sequelae, all of which pertain to the justification for screening; (2) review the epidemiologic basis of screening and relate these to otitis media; (3) review current viewpoints on screening for middle ear disease from professionals in the field; (4) review the current status of screening programs in the United States; (5) attempt to reach concensus as to the target population to be identified by screening and the most appropriate and reasonable method for screening and referral; and, (6) make recommendations as to the best manner in which to resolve the remaining controversial issues. In addition to the above named specialists, representatives from federal funding agencies and from screening instrument companies were present in an ex officio capacity. A summary of the discussions is presented here. INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, AND NATURAL HISTORY OF OTITIS MEDIA —Margaretha L. Casselbrant, MD Otitis media is one of the most common diseases of childhood and, thus, has important economic and health care implications in society.

Impedance Screening for Middle Ear Disease in Children

This book is a rapid manuscript reproduction of the proceedings of the Symposium on Impedance Screening for Children that was held in Nashville, Tenn, in June 1977. Seven invited state-of-knowledge papers on the epidemiology, morbidity, and identification of middle ear disease, and impedance screening in the four areas of infants, preschool children, school-age children, and special populations are included. A further 20 papers that concern recent studies of impedance screening are also included. The major part of the book is divided into the four previously mentioned categories of children. The contributors are drawn from the fields of audiology, otolaryngology, pediatrics, epidemiology, and public health, and they represent the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Sweden, and Korea. A major purpose of the symposium was to develop guidelines for impedance screening. The consensus recommendations of the task force of 28 experts, set up for this purpose, are presented in the book. Surprisingly,

Summary Reports on National-International Conferences. Use of acoustic impedance measurement in screening for middle ear disease in children.

Summary Reports on National-International Conferences. Use of acoustic impedance measurement in screening for middle ear disease in children.

Middle ear disease in children.

Middle ear disease in children.

Middle Ear Disease in Children: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management

Acute otitis media and the nonsuppurative middle ear effusions, often referred to as serous or secretory otitis, are the middle ear conditions of greatest concern. Newer diagnostic aids such as tympanometry, and tympanocentesis, are discussed, as well as otoscopy and audiometry, and the use of various antimicrobials in therapy is detailed.

Observations on Intra-Labyrinthine Pressure-Balance, With Special Reference to the Significance of signs of Labyrinth Deafness in Cases of Middle Ear Disease in Children

Observations on Intra-Labyrinthine Pressure-Balance, With Special Reference to the Significance of signs of Labyrinth Deafness in Cases of Middle Ear Disease in Children

Relation of Adenoid Growths in the Naso-Pharynx to the Production of Middle Ear Disease in Children

Relation of Adenoid Growths in the Naso-Pharynx to the Production of Middle Ear Disease in Children