Middle Group Research Articles

Serum Magnesium and Glycemic Status in Newly Diagnosed T2DM Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major global health issue. Trace elements play important role as co-factors for various events in this context. Recently, an inverse relationship between serum magnesium and glycemic control has been observed and magnesium is thought to be low in with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: This study aimed to see serum magnesium and HbA1c in newly diagnosed T2DM. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 100 newly detected diabetes subjects (age: 40.65±11.65 years, mean ± SD; m/f: 35/65) diagnosed according to American Diabetic Association (ADA) 2016 diagnostic criteria for diabetes. 5 ml of blood was collected for serum magnesium and HbA1c measurement by utilizing atomic absorption Spectrometricanalysis and NGSP certified Bio-Rad D-10TM Hemoglobin A1c Program 220-0101 USA. All data were analyzed by SPSS (version 22.0). Results: Magnesium and HbA1c were 1.99±0.23 mg/dl and 8.65±2.18% (mean±SD). About 9% were hypomagnesemic and 91% eumagnesemic. Socioeconomically 50% were middle income group, family history was present in 48% and 11% had history of smoking. Magnesium (meanSD) was statistically similar between males and females (1.99±0.22 vs. 1.99±0.24 mg/dl, p=0.974), urban and rural subjects (1.98±0.24 vs. 1.99±0.22 mg/dl, p=0.754), subjects with or without family history of diabetes (1.95±0.22 vs. 2.02±0.23 mg/dl, p=0.117), in subjects with BMI <25 Kg/m2 and 25 Kg/m2 (2.01±0.25 vs. 1.98±0.22 mg/dl, p= 0.526) as well as among various HbA1c cut-off values (<6.5 vs. 6.5− 9 vs. >9%: 2.08 ±0.15 vs. 1.98±0.24 vs. 1.99±0.23; p=0.257). However, magnesium level was statistically and significantly different among the age groups (<25 yrs vs. 25-34 yrs vs. 35-44 yrs vs. 45-54 yrs vs. 55 yrs: 1.91±0.28 vs. 2.00±0.23 vs. 1.93±0.20 vs. 1.96±0.26 vs. 2.16±0.13 mg/dl, meanSD; p= 0.018). None of the variables showed any correlation with magnesium except age (r=0.220, p=0.028) nor any was significant independent predictor for hypomag

Discussion on the relationship between pathological changes of sciatic nerve and Sarm1 protein expression in rats with n-hexane poisoning

Objective: To explore the potential evidence of active peripheral nerve necrosis when n-hexane produces toxic effects on peripheral nerves. Methods: In May 2023, 36 SPF grade SD male rats with a body weight of 200-220 g were divided into 4 groups with 9 rats in each group and given normal saline and different doses of n-hexane (168, 675, 2 700 mg/kg) by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks (5 days/week). Three rats in each group were killed at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week, respectively. The spinal cord to sciatic nerve tissue was broken and the supernatant was extracted for SDS-PAGE protein isolation. The expression level of Sarm1 protein was analyzed with the β-Actin color strip of internal reference protein by Western blot. The expression of Sarm1 protein was analyzed by the gray ratio of the two. At the 6th week, the sciatic nerve sections of the each group were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. Results: The number of axons was obviously reduced by light microscopy. According to electron microscope, myelin lesions were mainly local disintegration, deformation, and different thickness. The deformation of axonal surface became smaller. The axons in the nerve bundle membrane showed degeneration and reduction. The gray ratio of Sarm1 protein and internal reference protein bands in each group had no significant change at the second week of exposure, and the ratio of SARM1 protein to internal reference protein bands was 1.47 in the high dose group at the fourth week, and 1.51 and 1.89 in the middle and high dose group at the sixth week, respectively. Conclusion: Waller's degeneration was observed in sciatic neuropathologic manifestations of n-hexane-poisoned rats, and the expression level of Sarm1 protein increased.

A Comprehensive Ultrasound Investigation of Lower Facial and Neck Structure.

The jawline and neck significantly influence facial aesthetics. Botulinum toxin and filler are highly favored as minimally invasive jawline rejuvenation procedures. However, little evidence exists on the age-related skin and superficial fat tissue transformations in healthy individuals to guide targeted interventions. A quantitative sonographic assessment was conducted on 51 patients. Total soft tissue thickness (the skin and superficial fat compartments) was measured at eight sites along the jawline and four sites at the neck. Among them, 21 patients received botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections for jawline lift. Three-dimensional images and questionaries were obtained before and after the treatment. In this ultrasound study, total superficial soft tissue thickness decreased significantly from the prejowl sulcus to the lateral cheek, with the jowl showing the greatest thickness. Vertically, significant differences in thickness were noted between superior and inferior points, especially at the inferior prejowl sulcus for the middle-aged and the jowl for the elderly group when comparing across age groups. Soft tissue thickness at the neck decreased from zones 1 to 3, consistent in all age groups. BMI and age positively correlated with soft tissue thickness at the jawline and neck. Regarding BTX-A injections, participants described a pain-free injection process, of which 85.7% reported substantial aesthetic improvement and sharpening of the submental-cervical angle. This study quantified age-related changes in superficial soft tissues at the jawline and neck regions with ultrasound imaging. With aging, soft tissue thickness alters with high region-specificity. Tailoring interventions to the specific alterations within each age group can achieve optimal results with enhanced safety. This study provided a quantitative analysis of skin and superficial fat compartment thicknesses for the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups. This study illustrated how skin and superficial fat compartments change with age in a regionally specific manner for both the jawline and neck regions. This study revealed a positive association between BMI and age with skin and superficial fat tissue thicknesses, especially in areas like the jowl, submental, and neck. This study provided guidance for a safe and effective botulinum toxin. A injection method focusing on the injection depths and regions to achieve optimal jawline rejuvenation outcomes and patient experience. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Correlation between psychological traits and the use of smart medical services in young and middle-aged adults: An observational study

BACKGROUND Psychological problems affect economic development. However, there is a huge gap between mental health service resources and mental health service needs. Existing mental health service technology and platforms cannot meet all the diverse mental health needs of people. Smart medicine is a new medical system based online that can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of medical services and make mental health services accessible. AIM To explore the level of intelligent medical use among young and middle-aged people and its correlation with psychological factors. METHODS Convenience sampling was used to select 200 young and middle-aged patients with medical experience at the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu between January 2022 and January 2023 as the research subjects. The general condition Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90, General Health Questionnaire, and Smart Medical Service Use Intention Questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the participants’ willingness to use smart medical services and their personality characteristics, psychological symptoms, and mental health. RESULTS The results revealed that the mental health of young and middle-aged people was poor, and some had psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and physical discomfort. Familiarity, acceptance, and usage of smart healthcare in this population are at a medium level, and these levels correlate with psychological characteristics. Acceptance was positively correlated with E, and negatively correlated with P, anxiety, fear, anxiety/insomnia, and social dysfunction. The degree of use was negatively correlated with P, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION The familiarity, acceptance, and usage of smart medical services among the middle-aged and young groups are related to various psychological characteristics.

Green transformation of oily sludge through geopolymer: Material properties and hydration mechanisms

Oily sludge (OS) is a kind of hazardous waste generated from the petrochemical industry. Currently, pyrolysis has been widely applied for OS disposal, while low-oil content (<5 wt%) OS still lacks novel technology to achieve efficient resource utilization and harmful substances immobilization. In this study, a kind of OS-based geopolymer was developed by OS and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The results showed that in geopolymer with 30 wt% OS, the content of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) decreased by 82%, Zn achieved 100% stabilization, and the 28 d compressive strength could still reach 32.8 MPa. The appropriate oil content filled the pores and cracks in geopolymer matrix. The constructed model compounds further elucidated the hydration mechanisms of OS-geopolymer. The nucleation effect of crude oil and micro-aggregate effect of minerals jointly improved the polymerization degree of C-(A)-S-H gels. OS promoted the transformation of [SiO4]4− monomers into C-(A)-S-H unbranched middle groups and three-dimensional networks, thereby efficiently stabilizing harmful substances. Sustainability analysis showed that OS-based geopolymer had good environmental and economic benefits. Overall, this work provides theoretical guidance for the green transformation of OS in the construction field.

Malignant Recurrence of Benign Odontogenic Tumors (A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study)

BackgroundDespite their rarity, malignant odontogenic tumors (MOT) represent an important group of oral lesions characterized by their variable clinical presentations and sometimes unexpected biological behavior.ObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate the number, types, and frequency of MOT and to investigate the relative rate of malignant transformation in recurrent odontogenic tumors (OT).MethodologyThe records of patients diagnosed with OT in the hospital of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, were reviewed over 10 years (2013-2022). The OT were investigated for frequency, age, gender, site, and recurrence. The data were recorded and then analyzed using SPSS software version 25.ResultsAmong 5543 oral excisions, 357 cases of them were OT, including 336 benign (94.1%) and 21 malignant neoplasms (5.9%). Among the odontogenic malignancies, 18 lesions (85.7%) appeared de novo, and 3 lesions (14.3%) developed as recurrent of previously classified benign tumors. A high incidence was observed in the middle and old age groups (90.4%) with a median age being 42. Slight male predilection (1.3:1) was noticed. The mandible was the highly affected site but all recurrent cases were diagnosed in the maxilla as ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (n = 2, 66.6%) and primary intraosseous carcinoma (n = 1, 33.3%).ConclusionRetrospective analysis of the relative frequency of MOT and the documentation of the unusual recurrence of benign OT as a malignancy enhances our understanding of OT behavior and the need for appropriate therapy and clinical follow-up.

Household welfare loss from energy price crisis: Evidence from China

The war in Ukraine and associated 2022 energy crisis had far-reaching effects. The energy price crisis causes varying degrees of households' welfare losses by directly increasing energy prices and indirectly increasing product costs along the supply chain. This impact is particular significant for developing countries and emerging economies with a large concentration of middle and low-income groups. In this study, we utilize a multiregional input-output (MRIO) model and micro-household consumption spending figures to simulate the effects of rising fuel costs, both directly and indirectly, on 24 expenditure segments in China. According to the energy prices schema, we find increased energy burdens deteriorate household welfare. In a dire scenario of a 50% increase in energy prices, 11.35% of households will fall into energy poverty because of a disproportionately high share of visible energy consumption, raising China's energy poverty rate from 11.61% to 22.96%. Residual impacts are passed on to households by raising the cost of producing goods, resulting in higher indirect energy consumption, and ultimately leading to a significant increase in the inequality of households' real incomes excluding energy consumption. Further analysis shows that it is more cost-effective to provide subsidies to relatively poor households for the consumption of various commodities, with subsidies for food, healthcare and medical services, and housing expenses being the most effective, than direct subsidization of energy prices by the government to reduce household welfare losses. The major findings of this study emphasize the impact of energy security challenges in household sector, that helps to assess the negative impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on energy securities of emerging economies.

Assessing the perception of emotional prosody in healthy ageing.

Emotional prosody is the reflection of emotion types such as happiness, sadness, fear and anger in the speaker's tone of voice. Accurately perceiving, interpreting and expressing emotional prosody is an inseparable part of successful communication and social interaction. There are few studies on emotional prosody, which is crucial for communication, and the results of these studies have inconsistent information regarding age and gender. The primary aim of this study is to assess the perception of emotional prosody in healthy ageing. The other aim is to examine the effects of variables such as age, gender, language and neurocognitive capacity on the prediction of emotional prosody recognition skills. Sixty-nine participants between the ages of 18-75 were included in the study. Participants were grouped as the young group aged 18-35 (n = 26), the middle-aged group aged 36-55 (n = 24) and the elderly group aged 56-75 (n = 19). Perceptual emotional prosody test, motor response time test, and neuropsychological test batteries were administered to the participants. Participants were asked to recognise the emotion in the sentences played on the computer. Natural (neutral, containing neither positive nor negative emotion), happy, angry, surprised and panic emotions were evaluated with sentences composed of pseudoword stimuli. It was observed that the elderly group performed worse in recognising angry, panic, natural and happy emotions and in total recognition, which gives the correct recognition performance in recognition of all emotions. There was no age-related difference in recognition of the emotion of surprise. The women were more successful in recognising angry, panic, happy and total emotions compared to men. Age and Motor Reaction Time Test scores were found to be significant predictors in the emotional response time regression model. Age, language, attention and gender variables were found to have a significant effect on the regression model created for the success of total recognition of emotions (p<0.05). This was a novel study in which emotional prosody was assessed in the elderly by eliminating lexical-semantic cues related to emotional prosody and associating emotional prosody results with neuropsychiatric tests. All our findings revealed the importance of age for the perception of emotional prosody. In addition, the effects of cognitive functions such as attention, which decline with age, were found to be important. Therefore, it should not be forgotten that many factors contribute to the success of recognising emotional prosody correctly. In this context, clinicians should consider variables such as cognitive health and education when assessing the perception of emotional prosody in elderly individuals. What is already known on the subject Most of the studies compare young and old groups, and these studies evaluate the perception of emotional prosody by using sentences formed by observing the speech sounds, syllables, words and grammar rules in the vocabulary of the language. It has been reported that the perception of emotional prosody is lower, mostly in the elderly group, but there is inconsistent information in terms of age and gender. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Perceptual Prosody Recognition was evaluated with an experimental design in which sentence structures consisting of lexemes were used as stimuli and neurocognitive tests were included, taking into account the phonological and syntactic rules of language. This study was a novel study in diagnosing emotional prosody in terms of comparing different age groups and determining the factors affecting multidimensional emotional prosody, including neuropsychiatric features. What are the clinical implications of this work? All our findings revealed the importance of age for the perception of emotional prosody. In addition, it was determined that the effects of cognitive functions such as attention were important with age.

Relationship between metabolic indices and milk yield in Saanen goats exposed to heat stress in semi-tropical climates

This study aimed to determine the effects of heat stress on 30 Saanen goats of different ages (young, middle-aged, and old). The average temperature and humidity values during the trial were 27.82 °C and 40.65%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (SS), and temperature humidity index (THI) were found between months (P < 0.05). Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) values were found to be statistically significant in the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05), with the highest in the middle-aged group obtained in June (0.65 mmol/L). Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and urea (BUN) were significantly different (P < 0.05) in all age groups, whereas creatinine values showed no significant differences between groups. Significant positive relationships were found between body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), as well as pulse rate (PR) and daily average daily milk yield (DAMY) (P < 0.01). A positive correlation was also found between the respiratory rate (SS) and pulse rate (P < 0.01). As a result, although attempts have been made to prevent the decrease in productivity with applications for animals under heat stress, the optimal strategy may be to address the source of the problem. Issues that cause heat accumulation in the body should be identified and necessary arrangements should be made in the shelter to distribute heat to ensure that animals are less affected. Shaded areas should be provided in cases of stress caused by heat. An appropriate structural arrangement for temperature, humidification, and ventilation systems, as well as the provision of abundant fresh drinking water, would also be beneficial.

Level of some matrix metalloproteinases in blood serum in relation to their genetic polymorphism depending on age

The article presents data on the state of the proteolysis system and genes for the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in 180 conditionally healthy women and men of young, middle, elderly and senile ages. A single sampling of the material (buccal epithelium) was performed in patients. PCR examination of the buccal epithelium for the analysis of polymorphisms of the genes MMP-1 rs1799750 and MMP-3 rs 3025058 was carried out on the instrument base of the DNA amplifier Bio-Rad CFX96. Serum levels of MMP-1, MMP-3 were studied by the sandwich variant of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program using nonparametric statistics methods. The results of the study. The values of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in the group of conditionally healthy women at a young age were lower than the values of middle age, whereas in old age their serum levels varied in different directions: MMP-1 decreased, and MMP-3 increased. When analyzing polymorphisms of the MMP-1 rs1799750 gene, the homozygous genotype -/- with low expression of the MMP-1 gene prevailed in young and middle-aged women, and in women over 75 years of age, the carriage of the G/G homozygote with active gene expression was recorded. When evaluating the expression of the MMP-3 rs 3025058 gene, it was found that young women significantly more often had 5A/5A polymorphism with high gene activity, but with a lower level of MMP- 3. In middle and old age, 65% have a heterozygous 5A/6A allele with reduced gene expression activity. In conditionally healthy men, the level of MMP-1 in blood serum increased in the middle-aged and senile groups, the values of MMP-3 in the group under 45 years of age were low compared with the elderly group (p = 0.041). MMP-1 rs1799750 in men under 75 years of age was identified in the -/G variant in the majority. Homozygous polymorphism of the MMP-3 rs 3025058 5A/5A gene with high activity of MMP-3 prevailed in groups of men under 60 years of age with serum levels of MMP-3 100.2 ng/mL and 92.5 ng/mL, respectively.

Resting-state EEG features modulated by depressive state in healthy individuals: insights from theta PSD, theta-beta ratio, frontal-parietal PLV, and sLORETA.

Depressive states in both healthy individuals and those with major depressive disorder exhibit differences primarily in symptom severity rather than symptom type, suggesting that there is a spectrum of depressive symptoms. The increasing prevalence of mild depression carries lifelong implications, emphasizing its clinical and social significance, which parallels that of moderate depression. Early intervention and psychotherapy have shown effective outcomes in subthreshold depression. Electroencephalography serves as a non-invasive, powerful tool in depression research, with many studies employing it to discover biomarkers and explore underlying mechanisms for the identification and diagnosis of depression. However, the efficacy of these biomarkers in distinguishing various depressive states in healthy individuals and in understanding the associated mechanisms remains uncertain. In our study, we examined the power spectrum density and the region-based phase-locking value in healthy individuals with various depressive states during their resting state. We found significant differences in neural activity, even among healthy individuals. Participants were categorized into high, middle, and low depressive state groups based on their response to a questionnaire, and eyes-open resting-state electroencephalography was conducted. We observed significant differences among the different depressive state groups in theta- and beta-band power, as well as correlations in the theta-beta ratio in the frontal lobe and phase-locking connections in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis for source localization comparing the differences in resting-state networks among the three depressive state groups showed significant differences in the frontal and temporal lobes. We anticipate that our study will contribute to the development of effective biomarkers for the early detection and prevention of depression.

Easement Reform and Employment Transfer of Forest Farmers: Evidence from China’s National Parks

The easement reform of collective forest land (ERCFL) is an important part of national park system construction, which plays an important role in promoting the employment transfer of forest farmers. On the basis of survey data from forest farmers in Qianjiangyuan–Baishanzu National Park in Zhejiang Province, this paper uses the propensity score matching-difference in differences model to empirically analyze the impact of ERCFL on the transfer employment behavior and employment quality of forest farmers to provide experience for promoting the employment transfer of forest farmers and improving the ERCFL in national parks. This research shows the following: (1) The ERCFL in national parks has significantly promoted the employment transfer and improved the employment quality of forest farmers. This effect remains significant when controlling for possible endogeneity issues. (2) Three mechanisms of the ERCFL affect forest farmers’ transfer of employment, namely improving non-agricultural employment skills, expanding the scope of non-agricultural employment, and increasing non-agricultural employment opportunities. (3) Significant gender, age, and education differences exist in terms of the impact of the ERCFL on the employment transfer of forest farmers. The impact on men, middle-aged and elderly groups, and low-education groups is more significant. Finally, this paper proposed forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the employment transfer of forest farmers.

THE EFFECT OF AGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MEMBERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ, 1992-2022

The biological age of Human beings influences the activities and tasks assigned to each person. Additionally, age plays a significant role in the performance of parliaments. Within this framework, the age of parliamentarians is closely linked with parliamentary performance in multiple ways; experience and skills, true representation, knowledge, and physical and technical abilities. Most parliaments in democratic societies have two primary functions: legislation and oversight, and the age of parliamentarians directly impacts the fulfillment of these two functions. Parliament is one of the most important institutions in the political system of any democratic state. Therefore, it is essential to identify which age group is the most effective and efficient to perform the tasks assigned to members of the parliament.This research focuses on the five parliamentary terms of the Iraqi Kurdistan parliament from 1992 when the first election took place until 2022. During this period, five elections have been conducted in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Moreover, all three aforementioned age groups have been elected in a variety of numbers in those parliamentary terms. By examining the composition of all five terms of the Iraqi Kurdistan parliament in terms of the age group of parliamentarians, this research aims to identify which age group is the most active and efficient in terms of execution of essential parliamentary functions. By comparing data from all five parliamentary terms of the Iraqi Kurdistan parliament with a special focus on the fifth parliamentary term elected in 2018, this research hypothesizes that the Middle Age group of parliamentarians has been the most effective and efficient in the parliament of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region throughout its existence.

Can the implementation of the smart city pilot policy improve the social adaptive health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people? Evidence from China

With the accelerating pace of population aging in China and the implementation of the smart city pilot policy, whether the middle-aged and elderly population can integrate and adapt to this “smart” society has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this context, exploring the impact of smart city pilot policies on the social adaptation health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people has become a top priority for China to implement a national strategy to actively respond to population aging. Thus, based on panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2011, 2013, and 2015, this study employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to investigate whether the smart city pilot policy can improve the social adaptive health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people and to explore in depth the mechanism of its influence. The study finds that compared with non-pilot cities, the social adaptive health and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people in smart cities improve by 0.6% and 2.2%, respectively. The mechanism effect study shows that the smart city pilot policy can improve the mental health of the middle-aged and the elderly through the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the enhancement of human capital. Furthermore, for the social adaptive health of middle-aged and elderly individuals, the smart city pilot policy can only make improvements through the enhancement of human capital. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of smart city pilot policies on social adaptive health is more pronounced in the middle-aged group than in the elderly group.

Age- and deprivation-related inequalities in identification of people at high risk of type 2 diabetes in England

BackgroundEarly detection of intermediate hyperglycaemia, otherwise known as non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) is crucial to identify people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who could benefit from preventative interventions. Failure to identify NDH may also increase the risks of T2DM-related complications at the time of T2DM diagnosis. We investigate sociodemographic inequalities in identification of NDH in England.MethodsWe used nationwide data from the English National Health Service (NHS) National Diabetes Audit, which includes all people who were newly identified with NDH (N = 469,910) or diagnosed with T2DM (N = 222,795) between 1st April 2019 and 31st March 2020. We used regression models to explore inequalities in the under identification of NDH by area-level deprivation and age group.ResultsOf those with a new T2DM diagnosis, 67.3% had no previous record of NDH. The odds of no previous NDH being recorded were higher amongst people living in more deprived areas (Odds ratio (OR) 1.15 (95% confidence intervals (CI) [1.12, 1.19]) most deprived (Q1) compared to least deprived (Q5) quintile) and younger individuals (OR 4.02 (95% CI [3.79, 4.27] under 35s compared to age 75–84)). Deprivation-related inequalities persisted after stratification by age group, with the largest inequalities amongst middle and older age groups. People living in more deprived areas and younger people also had shorter recorded NDH duration before progression to T2DM, and higher T2DM severity at the time of diagnosis.ConclusionsThere is under identification of NDH relative to diagnosis of T2DM amongst people living in more deprived areas and particularly amongst younger people, resulting in missed opportunities for targeted T2DM prevention efforts and potentially contributing to inequalities in T2DM prevalence and severity. More active NDH case-finding amongst these groups may be an important first step in helping to reduce inequalities in T2DM.

Association between admission serum albumin and 12-weeks mortality in patients with late AIDS/HIV diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study

This study investigated the association between serum albumin concentration and 12-weeks mortality of HIV/AIDS with late diagnosis in China. This retrospective cohort study included, 1079 inpatients diagnosis with late HIV/AIDS between January 2018 and December 2021. Disease progression was estimated based on the 12-weeks mortality rate. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between serum albumin levels and disease progression. The effects of serum albumin levels on mortality was estimated via Kaplan–Meier curves. The mortality risk decreased by 7% with every 1 g/L increase in serum albumin after adjustment ([HR] = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97). Compared with that of the low (< 28 g/L) serum albumin group, the middle (28–34 g/L) group’s mortality risk decreased by 70% (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15–0.59), and that of the high (≥ 34 g/L) group decreased by 40% (HR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.29–1.23) after adjustment. Our findings suggest a positive correlation between the increase in serum albumin levels upon admission and a decrease in mortality at 12 weeks post-discharge among patients with late AIDS/HIV diagnosis. Further research is needed to characterize the role of serum albumin in 12-weeks mortality prevention in patients with a late diagnosis.

A clinical case report of aberrant pancreas in the practice of a general practitioner

An aberrant pancreas is a fairly rare developmental anomaly, which, de spite its congenital genesis, is most often found in people of the middle age group. The article presents a clinical case of an aberrant pancreas with localization in the antrum of the stomach in a 52-year-old patient. Congenital pathology has an asymptomatic course for a long time, which is subsequently associated with late diagnosis and the need for a comprehensive examination of the patient. Despite the long-term symptomless course of the pathology, the secretory activity of the ab errant pancreas contributes to persistent inflammation of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, potentiates irreversible pathological changes, and increases the risk of complications, including gastric intestinal metaplasia. The patient under consider ation was diagnosed with a multimorbid chronic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which, despite ongoing therapy, was characterized by frequent exacerbations. Due to the established diagnosis, it was possible to prescribe successful conser vative treatment and avoid surgical intervention in this patient. According to the literature, differential diagnosis with malignant neoplasms is necessary. The choice of surgical treatment tactics is determined by the development of complications, among which both obstructive complications (dysphagia, pyloric stenosis, intus susception, intestinal obstruction, obstructive jaundice) and complications specific only to pancreatic tissue, such as pancreatitis, cysts and pseudocysts, ulcerative defects with perforation of the hollow organ, benign and malignant neoplasms, are described. The question of the expediency of surgical treatment of patients in the absence of complications remains debatable to the present day, which causes diffi culties in the management of these patients.

Relationship of dietary nutrients with early childhood caries and caries activity among children aged 3–5 years—a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a challenge for pediatric dentists all over the world, and dietary factor is an important factor affecting the occurrence of ECC. Currently, there is limited research on the impact of dietary nutrient intake from Chinese diets on ECC. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation of dietary nutrients intake with ECC and caries activity (CA) among children aged 3–5 years, and to provide dietary guidance to slow down the occurrence and development of ECC.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. A total of 155 children were divided into three groups: caries-free group, ECC group and Severe early childhood caries (SECC) group according to the caries statues. And according to the caries activity test (CAT) value, they were also divided into three group: low CA group (L-CA), middle CA group (M-CA) and high CA group (H-CA). The 24-hour dietary intake information was collected by mobile phone application (APP). The intake of children’s daily dietary nutrients were calculated referring to “China Food Composition Tables”.ResultsIn this study, 17, 39,and 99 children were diagnosed with caries-free, ECC, and SECC. There were 33, 36, and 86 children diagnosed with L-CA, M-CA, and H-CA. The risk of ECC was increased with the intake of cholesterol(OR = 1.005) and magnesium (OR = 1.026) and decreased with the intake of iron (OR = 0.770). The risk of SECC was increased with the intake of cholesterol (OR = 1.003). The risk of high CA was increased with the intake of cholesterol (OR = 1.002). The combined application of dietary total calories, carbohydrate, cholesterol, sodium, magnesium and selenium in the diagnosis of ECC had an area under ROC curve of 0.741.ConclusionsThe increased dietary cholesterol intake may be a common risk factor for ECC and high CA in children aged 3–5. The combined application of dietary intake of total calories, carbohydrate, cholesterol, sodium, magnesium and selenium has a higher predictive value for the occurrence of ECC.

Characterizing Pediatric Patients at Risk for Violence-Related Injuries at a Trauma Center in the Midwest United States

Introduction Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) have emerged nationwide to help address the societal and economic costs of violence. Little literature exists regarding selecting those patients most likely to benefit from intensive case management. The study aims to describe the pediatric patient population presenting at a Level 1 ACS trauma center with a chief complaint of violent trauma and identify the characteristics of patients most at risk. Methods This retrospective study examined patients between the ages of eight- and nineteen-years old presenting with traumatic injury during the year 2019. Child abuse and non-accidental trauma patients were excluded. Results A total of 333 patients were included in the analysis. They were predominantly African American and male. The three-group design included those 8–11, 12–13, and 14–19 years. Most patients were over 14 years old (60.2%). “Classmates” was the most common relationship between assailant and victim overall (33.9%) and most prevalent in the youngest age group (8–11 year). The middle age group (12–13 year) were two times more likely to suffer from ADHD, and ADHD was a risk factor for self-harm in this age category. The oldest age group (14–19 year) suffered higher rates of gun violence and were attacked more often by unknown assailants. Conclusions There was a difference in the needs of the older and younger pediatric patients cared for. HVIPs should tailor their interventions to address the different age groups’ needs. HVIPs could also benefit from the integration of targeted mental health services and collaboration with local educational institutions.

Mattering And Satisfaction with Life: Gender and Age Differences Among Kenyan Secondary School Students

This study examined how mattering related with satisfaction with school life among secondary school students in Kenya (N= 446, M = 17.40, SD = 1.22; 55.8 % Male). Age and gender differences were also explored. Mattering had a moderate correlation with school life satisfaction. Both age and mattering explained 11 % variance in satisfaction with school life. Age and gender did not moderate the prediction of satisfaction with school life by mattering. The relationship was similar for middle and late adolescent students, but prediction was only significant among the middle adolescent group. No significant gender differences were reported among the study variables. The findings suggest that when students feel important and when their age is taken into account, they are more likely to have higher levels of satisfaction with their school experience.