mid-XXth Century Research Articles

“HOROSHI HLOPTSI FINISHUYUT PERSHYMY”: INTERTEXTUAL AND INTERMEDIAL PECULIARITIES OF NARRATIVE POETRY OF LYUBOMYR SERNYAK

The article – in fact – is an attempt to analyze intertextual and intermedialpeculiarities of the edition “Horoshi Hloptsi Finishuyut Pershymy” by Lyubomyr Sernyak (2018). The edition is considered to be a unique example of contemporary artistic artefact, which consists of narrative poetry (verbal component) and illustrations / cover (graphic component) by means of which the textual field is extended, as graphic decoration of the edition, obviously, repeats, strengthens and broadens the margins of senses and artistic world of the poems. By the way, the research focuses on the fact that the urban space plays an important role (especially – subway topos) as it deals not only with the setting of the book but it influences its architectonics, even more profoundly – it creates a cultural context of the edition as a whole artistic artefact. It is stressed that the study deals with a contemporary narrative poetry, plainly, story as a “trip” with its own system of characters and plot on the pages of a fore-mentioned poetry edition. It is highlighted that intertextual and intemedial dimensions of the edition are so closely connected that it can be stated that it may be called the diffusion of intertextual and intermedial features and connections of the edition. The intertext is represented both in verbal and graphical layers of the texts: personality-references or graphic artefacts sometimes become quasi-characters of the edition with their unique “voice” and features in imaginary and expressive levels of the text. As for literary intertext, it is broad: mostly it deals with Ukrainian futurism, the writers of the period of the Lost Generation, Franz Kafka and the others. In spite of just literary references the poems of the edition “Horoshi Hloptsi Finishuyut Pershymy” are filled with the allusions to fine art (“Lovers” Rene Magritt, “Guernica” Pablo Picasso), poster art (American poster art of the mid-XXth century), music (jazz and John Cage), games (Super Mario), performances (sport shows, John Cage) etc. Actually, all of these peculiarities create a cultural context of the narrative poetry of Lyubomyr Sernyak, that is the mixture of mass and elite culture, blurring their borders. It is remarkable that frequently the references are duplicated, or the allusion is double, not only referring to an exact text or to the author, but both of them. Some of the artistic artefacts are stressed and pointed out several times in the texts of different poems throughout the book. The specific of these intertextual-intermedial connections is the central problem of this short research.

Концепция качества жизни как идейно-политическая основа устойчивого развития

The quality of life concept, which developed in the mid-XXth century as a response to the redefinition of the val-ues of mass consumption society, is increasingly important in international relations nowadays. Despite a sig-nificant shift in the theoretical approach to defining the term quality, there is still no unified methodology that would make it possible to assess the quality of life of the population most fully and accurately. When compiling indices, it is important to involve a large number of people in the process of subjective analysis of the quality of their own lives. The aim of the article is to confirm the increasing role of quality of life indicators in international relations. The object of the study is the UN policy on the implementation of statutory principles. The subject is the political attitudes to the development of quality of life indices. The novelty of the work is the complex ap-proach to the study of the quality of life concept in international relations. The novelty of the work is the complex approach to the study of the quality of life concept in international relations. Using the example of various methods of indexing the state of the world society, it shows how the priorities are gradually changing: moving away from the dominance of economic indicators (GDP) and refocusing on others, fixing the socio-political realities of the Earth’s population quality of life.

Nil Khasevych’s Works in the Context of Ukrainian Resistance Art of the First Half of the 20th Century

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the creative personality of Nil Khasevych in the process of forming the fine art component of the anti-imperial resistance ideology in its Ukrainian version. The methodology of the scientific study is based on the systemacy that combines the art critical approach and the culturological one. As a research method was chosen the diachronic comparative analysis of the tasks set themselves by artists, as well as the main ways of their handling. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the creation of Nil Khasevych is for the first time considered in a broad context of organized attempts of planning and implementing visual works of anticolonial trend in the temporal range of the First World War to the mid-XXth century. Summary. The Ukrainian anti-imperial cultural resistance in the first half of the XXth century has been implemented in various forms, starting with documenting the events related to the liberation struggles, and completing with the works of purely ideological art, which became a reaction to an array of propaganda produced by public outreach machines of totalitarian states. Artists deliberately or intuitively worked on creating an institute of national remembrance as the basis of Ukrainian identity. N. Khasevych’s creative and organizational activities, given a string of historical circumstances, occupies a central place in this phenomenon. First, these his activities was the longest in time and concentrated immediately in the midst of the OUN–UPA underground on the territory of mainland Ukraine. Secondly, N. Khasevych’s professional, intellectual and organizational potentials, his ability to choose the most optimal artistic means also played a significant role. Thirdly, the artist’s personality, his unique biography and even disability became a basis of a very holistic artistic image, filled with symbolism, which felt as if to be tight in the chronological framework of the 1930s–1940s. A part of N. Khasevych’s ideological works by its content was aimed in a utopian way at realizing an independent Ukraine, that is, he was the first to transcend the limits of responding to the challenges of time and to offer one’s own concept of the future.

DA FAMA AO OSTRACISMO: OITO REAGENTES QUE DEIXARAM O AMBIENTE LABORATORIAL

FROM FAME TO OSTRACISM: EIGHT REAGENTS THAT LEFT THE LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT. Historical aspects related to eight reagents that were present in analytical chemistry laboratories in the first decades of the twentieth century are described. They have peculiarities that are based on their curious names or the purposes for which they were intended. Their presence in the laboratory environment reflected their industrial applications and the chemical analysis procedures used at that time. From the mid XXth century, with the migration of qualitative analysis to the chemistry teaching, these reagents have been replaced by others that today serve the same purposes as those previously used. However, many of them still retain their industrial importance. This historical overview emphasizes the importance of the evolution of chemicals and chemical assays for security and efficiency reasons. Learning from past experiences develops a critical spirit and laboratory behavior more committed to occupational hygiene and safety, without losing sight the learning power that qualitative analytical chemistry offers.

МА СИЦУН И ЕГО РОЛЬ В РАЗВИТИИ КИТАЙСКОЙ МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

This article focuses on the life and creative activities of Ma Sicong, one of the most significant Chinese musicians of the mid-XXth century, a multi-talented and outstanding violinist who showed his prowess in various spheres of artistic life: performing, teaching, composing, musical and social activities. Ma Sicong contributed to each of these fields as a virtuoso soloist whose example was followed by his contemporaries, young musicians and as a teacher who trained numerous students retaining the most enthusiastic memories of their professor. The highly professional violin school he established, which continued Chinese and European musical traditions, became a fruitful source for the development of modern performing arts. Ma Sicong's creative life was not an easy one; periods of brilliant achievements and growth alternated with dramatic peripeteia, which led to his departure from China in the most difficult historical period for the country — the period of the "Cultural Revolution" (late 1950s — early 1970s ).

Migrants' rights: problems remain

The article considers the process of human rights regulatory development since the mid XXth century and adoption of social and legal responsibility by states in relation to migrants. The author analyses the legal status of migrants on the territory of the Russian Federation, European Union countries, the USA. The paper raises a wide range of issues related to granting socioeconomic rights and ensuring access to medicine to former compatriots, who returned to Russia and their children. The study notes that in recent years, Western countries have been reviewing approaches to state regulation of the social sphere, which in some cases discriminates towards refugees and displaced persons from other countries. The paper estimates the impact of the global epidemiological crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic situation of migrants, the provision of medical and social assistance to the population of countries. The author concludes that in the context of COVID-19 pandemic states should provide migrants with free medical care and find effective social support mechanisms. The pandemic should not be used as a justification to undermine the guarantees of migrants’ rights.

La disputa por la radio. Gobierno, gremios y espectáculo en los inicios del peronismo (1943-1946)

Hasta mediados del siglo XX, la radiofonía tuvo un rol fundamental en la construcción de hegemonía, además de fuente de información y referencia cultural casi excluyente de los sectores populares. Fue una parte fundamental de la política mediática desarrollada por el primer peronismo. Sin embargo, el gobierno militar, donde Perón construyo su figura y capital político, permanece todavía poco analizado en trabajos académicos, principalmente en torno a las medidas hacia los medios de comunicación.Este trabajo busca problematizar las relaciones establecidas entre militares en el poder, propietarios de emisoras de radio, el sistema de estrellas y los gremios con actuación en la radiofonía, desde junio de 1943 hasta el final de la huelga de los trabajadores radiales en 1946. Para ello se trabaja la dinámica de los cambios en las posiciones de las organizaciones de trabajadores y del gobierno militar durante el período recortado, así como la de otros agentes del campo del espectáculo del período. Se propone que el resultado de dicha huelga logró cerrar un período de enfrentamientos, permitiendo al gobierno peronista posicionarse como dominante en el interior del campo, iniciando un proceso de heteronomización del mismo.

The Problems of the Youth Education and Up-Bringing on the Volin Territory of the Nineteenth - the First Half of the Twentieth Century in Scientific Research

The article examines the historiography of the problem of education and upbringing children and youth living in the Volyn province and the Volyn region in the XIXth – the first half of XXth century. The purpose of the article is to analyse the publications and scientific works about the children and youth education and upbringing at the territory of Volyn in the XIXth- the first half of the XXth century and to make recommendations about their using in the educational institutions of today. Three groups of the scientific works were distinguished: a) the publications of the late XIXth – the early XXth centuries; b) the scientific works of the mid-XXth century; c) the scientific books written at the period of the independent Ukraine. It is noted that scientists of the late XIXth – the early XXth centuries analysed the education and upbringing of children and young people, they emphasized the need for the formation of the children’s scientific worldview, bringing them up in the Christian spirit. The scientific works of the early XXth century were nationally oriented so the researchers highlighted the issues of the children national mentality fostering. The monographs written in the mid-XXth century are politically influenced but they provide the information about the number of the educational institutions, students in schools and analyse the patterns of the educational process. In the dissertations of the late XXth – the early XXIth centuries the scientists have objectively explored the various aspects of the education and upbringing of Volyn youth in the XIXth – the first half of the XXth century. The article provides the recommendations of these research using in modern educational institutions. The author analysed the scientific works of M. Barsov about public schools, schools in the Volyn and Podilia. The article describes in detail the scientific books by M. Teodorovich, which described the schools of the Volyn province and church-parish schools, their numbers and students. The researcher described the activities of Prince K. Ostrozky and gave the positive assessment of the work of A. Bludova, who founded schools in Ostroh in the mid-XXth century. The analysis of scientific explorations of different historical epochs has led to the following conclusions: a) the process of the children’s and youth’s education and upbringing in Volyn of the XIX th - at the beginning of the XXth century was the object of scientific searches since the middle of the XIXth century to the present day; b) education and up-bringing were covered in light of educational policy and socio-cultural status; c) the researchers of different historical epochs provided information about the number of schools, their types, the material and technical base of schools. It is explained that teachers must study scientific works about the education and upbringing of children in the territory of Volyn. The author of the article believes that the proper studying of scientific research about education in different regions of Ukraine contributes the deeper understanding of the studying process and provides the opportunities for better using of pedagogical achievements in the context of reforming the modern education system.

Functioning of the Lexeme ‘Intellect’ in Russian and German-Speaking Discourses of the Mid-XXth Century

The present study focuses on the functioning of an international German lexeme Intellekt in comparison with its Russian equivalent интеллект. The significance of the study derives from the fact that when studying this linguistic phenomenon, the lexemes were reviewed on the material of the latest works of Hermann Hesse - the novels ‘Steppenwolf’, ‘The Glass Bead Game’ and their translations into Russian, which led to the conclusion about some peculiarities of the writer's individual style. The method of a comparative analysis allowed us to identify the author’s individual and national-specific features of the word components’ implementation in two compared languages. With the help of a quantitative method one determined the relative usage frequency of the studied lexemes in the Russian-speaking and German-speaking discourses. One undertook a sequential study of the etymology, the semantic structure of the borrowed lexemes in lexicographic literature and online dictionaries of the German and Russian languages. With the help of the Google platform Ngram Viewer that demonstrates the dynamics of a certain word usage and its combinations in the texts of books placed in the Google Search Engine one determined the assimilation level of the considered lexemes in the Russian-speaking and German-speaking discourses of the mid-20th century. With the reference to the obtained data one drew the additional conclusions about the reasons for the absence of the lexeme Intellekt in the dictionary of Hermann Hesse's works’ language. The study was undertaken within the framework of research for intercultural communication and is meant for the foreign languages teachers and translators.

«От колонии к нации и снова к колонии»: траектория национального развития Канады в дискурсе канадских интеллектуалов середины XX в.

«От колонии к нации и снова к колонии»: траектория национального развития Канады в дискурсе канадских интеллектуалов середины XX в.

New species and new records of Tingidae (Hemiptera. Heteroptera) from Thailand.

Eight species new to science are described from Thailand and 35 species new to Thailand are recorded. The fauna of Thailand, represented formerly by 12 species is increased to 52 species here. Comments on their distribution are added. Most of the species recorded come from material collected in the mid XXth century and deposited in Museums and from recent collecting surveys.

Традиційне весілля Поворскля середини ХХ століття: неділя (с. Ямне Великописарівського району Сумської області)

Традиційне весілля Поворскля середини ХХ століття: неділя (с. Ямне Великописарівського району Сумської області)

CONCEPTUAL SPACE OF FRENCH LITERARY PROSE (ANALITYCAL REVIEW)

Introduction. Actualization of the concepts in literary texts of certain epoch is traditionallylinked with their understanding as phenomena which serve reflect the tendency of understandingand perception the world. The article suggests a new comprehensive semantic and cognitiveapproach to textual concepts of French literary prose at semantic, metasemiotic andmetametasemiotic levels. The research focuses on revealing the cognitive and communicativedynamics in the unfolding textual concepts viewed through textual implication and explication.Such approach allowed to create a hierarchy of textual concepts and define their functionsin the mid XX-th century French novels. The tendency towards negativity of textual conceptsat all levels of their hierarchy, and the functions of their integration, differentiation andindividualization in the novels under consideration are determined.Purpose. The paper aims at modelling the conceptual space of French literary prose basedon its idea and lingual means.Methods. The paper grounds on conceptual analysis, textual analysis, modellingthe imaginary space, and narrative analysis.Results. The paper proves that author’s and character’s worlds are determined by internaltextual factors of literary text semantics. At the same time semantic of imaginary worlds dependson psychological and sociocultural worlds of textual communication interlocutors. Psychologicalworld of the narrator and character both is distinguished by its duality: the world of each takenseparately character is his internal psychological world, but the later, as independent personality,tries to keep this world unchanged.Conclusions. Turning to the problem of the textual concepts actualization and the waysof text composition becomes in its sense the study of basic mental and behavioral processes,Вісник КНЛУ. Серія Філологія. Том 21. № 1. 201838which take place in literary text. So, complex analysis of literary text which combinesthe modelling of imaginary worlds and narrative of the text through the prism of textualconcepts in conceptual space of the text opens new perspectives for integration the analysis oftext composition and general scientific investigation methods.

СХІДНА ЄВРОПА І КОНЦЕПТ “МІЛІТАРНОЇ РЕВОЛЮЦІЇ”: ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНІ ЗАУВАГИ

The concept of a «military revolution» was formulated in the British historiography in the mid-XXth century (The term «military revolution» for a designation of this overturn has been entered by the British historian M.Roberts in 1955). It includes the emergence of the large permanent professional armies with a predominance of infantry and artillery, new forms of organization, combat training and methods of warfare. The fire-arms wide circulation has led to the revolution in the art of war. It has caused serious changes in the political, economic, social spheres at first in the West European society, and then in the neighbor states. This concept had an extremely strong influence on the development of the research of the nature of the army, society and the state of Early Modern times. Studies discovering the development of military institutes in different regions of Europe, their influence on the formation of centralized states and the transcontinental expansion of European civilization have led to a series of heated discussions that continued till today. The problems of the influence of the «military revolution» on the historical fate of the countries of Eastern Europe and the peculiarities of its evolution hold a specific place. The article reflects the basic trends of studying of a concept of military revolution in Eastern Europe region and a present condition of a problem contemporary historiography.

Complex Assessment of Roof Structures

The structural analysis of a complex roofing system – the early XX-th century Stock Exchange in Timisoara – has brought forward a paradoxical situation: this early modern building displayed an amazing collage of various traditional typologies of timber roofing, connected in order to produce a spectacular aesthetic effect of roof line. Further studies of XVIII-th, XIX-th and early XX-th century roofing structures presented an interesting evolution: until mid XIX-th century the roofs were produced by craft guilds, influenced not only by their practical knowledge but also by symbolic and traditional knowledge manifested in the choice of peculiar geometric traces (sacred geometries) not unlike the famous Chinese roofing principles, described in “Yingzao Fashi” manual. Starting with the end of the XIX-th century, the guild system vanished along with the symbolic and traditional meanings, leaving the practical knowledge completely independent – ready to be used for spectacular and aesthetic purposes (as in Art Nouveau and Secession buildings). Well into the XX-th century, even that knowledge vanished, leaving a simplified, standardized and efficient form of roof framing.Paradoxically, well into the mid XX-th century, an unconventional thinker, Buckminster Fuller, was able to generate a new kind of “roofing system”, the “geodesic dome” and the space frame structure, taking inspiration from the same kind of holistic and universal approach which animated the old craftsmen. Our investigations highlighted the overwhelming importance of a holistic and symbolic world view (“weltanschaung”) in the making of such specialized structures as the roofing frames, at least until the mid XIX-th century. A complex assessment of such structures must take into consideration these elements in order to fully understand and properly conserve and restore them for the benefit of further generations.

The Longevity of Musical Works for Instruments and Electronic Music in the Digital Era

Until the mid-XXth century, classical music relied on a range of stable practices that guaranteed its survival : the written score ; the notion of interpretation ; lutherie instrument making ; oral (in particular) and written teaching traditions ; institutions (conservatories, ensembles, orchestras etc.). The advent of digital technology in musical creation from the 1970s onwards perturbed this landscape, forcing us to rethink these practices, particularly all those concerning the endurance of the new kinds of works that have emerged over the past thirty years – especially works for traditional and electronic instruments. Furthermore, the digital arts - though scarcely established - were soon in danger through the proliferation and fragility of digital standards and formats (cf. the “ Digital Dark Age” phenomenon). If contemporary music has the ambition to prolong the classical music tradition, it must find the techniques, modalities and practices to ensure its survival despite the instability of digital technology.

Contrasted invasion processes imprint the genetic structure of an invasive scale insect across southern Europe.

Deciphering the colonization processes by which introduced pests invade new areas is essential to limit the risk of further expansion and/or multiple introductions. We here studied the invasion history of the maritime pine bast scale Matsucoccus feytaudi. This host-specific insect does not cause any damage in its native area, but it devastated maritime pine forests of South-Eastern France where it was detected in the 1960s, and since then reached Italy and Corsica. We used population genetic approaches to infer the populations' recent evolutionary history from microsatellite markers and Approximate Bayesian Computation. Consistent with previous mitochondrial data, we showed that the native range is geographically strongly structured, which is probably due to the patchy distribution of the obligate host and the limited dispersal capacity of the scale. Our results show that the invasion history can be described in three successive steps involving different colonization and dispersal processes. During the mid-XXth century, massive introductions occurred from the Landes planted forest to South-Eastern France, probably due to transportation of infested wood material after World War II. Stepping-stone expansion, consistent with natural dispersal, then allowed M. feytaudi to reach the maritime pine forests of Liguria and Tuscany in Italy. The island of Corsica was accidentally colonized in the 1990s, and the most plausible scenario involves the introduction of a limited number of migrants from the forests of South-Eastern France and Liguria, which is consistent with an aerial dispersal due to the dominant winds that blow in spring in this region.

Building for the Sea Safeguarding Ashore. Brigs, Ships and Peote: A Complex Conservation

The presented work is intended to be an international overview on the most important conservative project of naval heritage. As it was immediately clear that mostly concerns ancient shipwrecks' structures which came from underwater environment and made of waterlogged wood, the analysis has therefore focused on waterlogged wood conservation and reinforcement. Based on the state of the art in the field of conservation and management of ancient ships some considerations can be made. The conservation of artefacts coming from the underwater environment has began in the mid XXth century and developed through a great deal of effort which has resulted in a strong improvement of scientific and multidisciplinary research. Case-studies are various and it is clear that conservative approaches and choices are, sometimes, in contrast: an improvement of the state of the art in this particular field is therefore actual. The considered examples concern different experiences both in historical features and in their conservative tracks. In the selection different situations were taken into account, in order to get to a proper analysis of conservation and on how methods and protocols may have evolved over the years. On one side the research dealt with the waterlogged wood, on the other the goal was establish a method applicable to a wider context. In the case of the last two structures taken into account, it was to check whether the same multi-phase and multidisciplinary approach recorded could be appropriate to achieve, even in this case, the common purpose of heritage conservation.

Use ofIn-SituDynamic Measurements to Calibrate Analytical Models of RC-Elevated Water Tanks

Before establishing the priority settings for the reduction of seismic risk of water supply infrastructures, it is necessary to understand the dynamic behavior of elevated water tanks, which are components of those infrastructures. Among other information, the main frequencies of vibration of these structures must be estimated and the analytical models used in their analysis and design should reproduce the frequency values obtained by in-situ dynamic tests. This work focuses exclusively on reinforced concrete (RC) elevated water tanks (200–750 m^3 of water at heights of 30–40 m), which are very common structures in the water supply systems in Portugal since the mid XXth century. This type of structures can also be seen in many regions around the world. First, a nationwide survey was conducted to determine the most common typologies in the country in terms of structural layout. Second, an in-situ campaign using ambient vibration as input was performed for a group of selected structures to determine the main frequencies of vibration and to identify modal shapes and damping values. Third, a finite element model of several different typologies was developed using the water simply as a concentrated mass at the top; the elastic properties of the model of the structure including the foundation were calibrated, so that the frequencies of various mode shapes obtained by the analytical model would match the frequencies of the real structure. Finally, an expression was derived to estimate the fundamental frequency of a group of elevated water tank typologies based on the total mass at the top of the supporting structure, which include the water, the global lateral stiffness, and the height of the tank. This study, providing important information on the frequencies of vibration of RC-elevated water tanks, contributes in a definite way to the analysis and design of such water tanks.

Tennessee Williams’s post-pastoral Southern gardens in text and on the movie screen

This study explores the representation of the American South in the film adaptations of five plays by the Mississippi-born playwright, Tennessee Williams: A Streetcar Named Desire (Elia Kazan, 1951), Baby Doll (Elia Kazan, 1956), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Richard Brooks, 1958), Suddenly Last Summer (Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1959) and The Night of the Iguana (John Huston, 1964). The article focuses on the disrespectful representations of the paradigmatic Southern garden which remains dynamic while maintaining some of its classic or biblical features. By relying on the conception of the pastoral garden as theorized by Leo Marx in The Machine in the Garden (1964), the author pays specific attention to the way mid-xxth century cinema kept recreating Williams’s Southern gardens as a corrupted and dehumanized space pierced through by disquieting shrieks.