Mid-west Coast Research Articles

Phytosociological Vegetation Classification and Flora for the Mid-west Coast in Korea

우리나라 중 · 서부 서해안의 현존 해안식생을 ZM 식물사회학적 방법으로 종조성에 의해 분석하였다. 분석된 식생유형에서 산림식생은 곰솔군락군에서 윤노리나무군락으로 구분되었고, 윤노리나무군락에서 까마귀머루군과 노린재나무군이, 떡갈나무군락에서 소사나무군과 상산군이 구분되었다. 점이지대식생은 모감주나무군락군이 구분되었으며, 모감주나무군락군에서 시무나무군과 전형군이 구분되었다. 해안사구식생군락군은 갯메꽃군락군으로 분류되었고, 갯메꽃군락군에서 갯그령군락으로 구분되었으며, 갯그령군락에서 갯방풍군과 순비기나무소군과 전형군으로 구분되었고, 갯방풍군에서 갯잔디군이 구분되었다. 전체 식생단위중 염생식물군락군은 칠면초군락군이 구분되었고, 호소식생으로는 연(Nelumbo nucifera)군락군이 구분되었다.BR 또한, 중부서해안 해안식생의 현존식물상은 34목90과 391속의 345종 2아종, 40변종, 4품종으로 391종이 출현하였다. 전체적으로 해안산지식생의 식물종수가 많이 나타났고, 해안사구와 점이지대는 상대적으로 식물의 출현종수가 많지 않았다. 환경부지정 멸종위기 식물로는 솔나리가 태안 안면지역의 산지에서 출현하였고, 희귀식물로는 모감주나무, 먹넌출, 통발, 땅나리, 솔나리, 새우난초, 고란초, 갯방풍, 물질경이, 지치, 뻐꾹나리, 옥녀꽃대, 노랑팽나무, 갯지치 등이 서천지역과 태안지역에서 출현하였다. 중부서해안의 특산식물로는 외대으아리, 새끼노루귀, 고광나무, 해변싸리 등이 있었고, 귀화식물은 나도닭의덩굴, 닭의덩굴, 애기수영, 소리쟁이, 흰명아주, 미국자리공, 다닥냉이 등 총 26종, 귀화율 6.90%로 출현식물 대부분이 해안사구지역에 많이 나타났는데, 이는 주변 해수욕장과 휴양지의 인위적인 교란으로 귀화식물의 침입이 용이하기 때문으로 판단되며(오등, 2005b), 특별한 관리가 이루어지지 않으면 앞으로 귀화식물의 종과 개체수는 계속 늘어날 것으로 판단된다. 또한 본 연구결과 조사된 쉬나무나 모감주나무는 뉴질랜드에서 생산되는 ‘마누카’꿀보다 우수한 항산화활성을 갖는 밀원식물이다(김, 2012). 이에 본 연구는 국내 해안에 서식하는 재생식물자원을 이용한 밀원수종을 활용하여 고부가가치를 갖는 기능성 벌꿀생산등 양봉농가의 소득 다원화에도 기여하게 될 것으로 기대된다.

Optimal sowing depth for southeastern wildrye (Elymus glabriflorus)

Southeastern wildrye ( Elymus glabriflorus (Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) Scribn. & C.R. Ball [Poaceae]) is a native, cool-season, perennial grass that is commonly found along right-of-ways, woodland boundaries, and old fields across the Southeast, Midwest, and East Coast US. Recent interest in this species for forage plantings has generated the need to learn more about its propagation from seed, including appropriate sowing depth. We conducted greenhouse trials in 2011 and 2012; southeastern wildrye was sown in plastic trays at 5 depths (surface, 0.64, 1.27, 1.90, and 2.54 cm). Seedling counts completed 21 d after sowing showed 0.64 cm and 1.27 cm sowing depths produced a significantly greater number of seedlings compared with other treatments. Unlike some common warm-season grass species, southeastern wildrye was only slightly sensitive to deep sowing. Our finding that optimal sowing depth for southeastern wildrye is relatively shallow will simplify establishment of large plantings for this species since most conventional grass planting equipment is set to plant at similar shallow depths.

Habitat Use Patterns ofChelon haematocheilus, as Revealed by Sr:Ca Ratios in Otoliths

ABSTRACT Hwang, S.W.; Lee, T.W.; Hwang S.D.; Lee, E.K., and Yoo, J.M. 2015. Habitat use patterns of Chelon haematocheilus, as revealed by Sr:Ca ratios in otoliths. We measured Sr:Ca ratios in otoliths to examine the habitat use patterns of 50 Chelon haematocheilus collected from two estuaries of the Geum River and the Mangyeong River on the midwest coast of South Korea. The average ratio was 5 × 10−3 ± 0.6 × 10−3 (mean ± SD) in the core of the otolith and ranged from 3 × 10−3 to 7 × 10−3 in the opaque zone surrounding the core. We applied the criteria used to analyze otoliths in the closely related species Mugil cephalus in a previous study and concluded from the otolith Sr:Ca ratios that C. haematocheilus spawns and grows in brackish water during the early part of its life cycle. Most fish showed otolith Sr:Ca ratios ranging from 3 × 10−3 to 7 × 10−3, indicating that they primarily live in brackish water. Some fish had ratios outside that range, indicating that they had potentially spent time in the uppe...

Student perceptions of reproductive health education in US medical schools: a qualitative analysis of students taking family planning electives

BackgroundAbortion services will be sought by an estimated one in three US women before they reach age 45. Despite the importance of family planning (FP) care, many medical schools do not currently offer formal education in this area, and students are unable to meet associated competency standards prior to graduation.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore students’ motivations in pursuing FP electives throughout the United States, their experiences during these courses, and any impact of these rotations on their plans for future practice. MethodWe conducted a qualitative study consisting of semi-structured interviews with medical students upon completing fourth-year FP electives at US medical schools. Thirty-seven LCME-accredited US medical schools offered fourth-year FP electives. Course directors at 21 of these institutions recruited study participants between June 2012 and June 2013. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed with ATLAS/ti software to identify salient themes.ResultsWe interviewed 29 students representing 14 institutions from all regions of the United States (East Coast, Midwest, South, and West Coast). Five central themes emerged. Medical students are using FP electives to fill gaps in the standard curriculum. Elective participation did not change students’ pre-elective stance on abortion. Many students intend to provide abortion in the future but identified possible limiting factors. Proficiency in contraception and options counseling were top competencies desired and gained. Students reported excellent satisfaction with FP electives and would recommend it to their peers, regardless of their personal beliefs.ConclusionsInterview data revealed that students are using FP electives to fill gaps within preclinical and clinical medical school curriculum. Future physicians will be unable to provide comprehensive care for their female patients if they are not provided with this education. Research should be directed at development and analysis of comprehensive FP curricula, which will allow students to obtain the knowledge necessary to best care for their patients.

Spatial patterns of warming off Western Australia during the 2011 Ningaloo Niño: Quantifying impacts of remote and local forcing

In austral summer 2011, an unprecedented Ningaloo Niño event occurred off the west coast of Australia, with sea surface temperature anomalies reaching 5°C and significant impacts on marine ecosystems. In this study, a high resolution (~2km) hydrodynamic model (Regional Ocean Modeling System) is used to simulate the variations in the near-surface temperature in the region from 2009 through mid-2011. Model results indicate that the peak temperatures in the broad mid-west coast of Australia during the event are predominantly due to poleward advection of warmer, tropical water (≈2/3 contribution). In addition, positive air–sea heat flux into the ocean also contributes (≈1/3 contribution) to the rise in temperature. The anomalous advection of warm water is caused by changes in the poleward flowing Leeuwin Current due to both local and remote wind forcing. In early 2011, the Leeuwin Current intensified owing to remote forcing by the equatorial easterly wind anomalies in the Pacific Ocean associated with the 2010–2011 La Niña. In addition, the southerly winds off the west coast of Australia weakened, allowing the Leeuwin Current to further intensify in speed at the peak of the event. Concurrently, the inshore, equatorward Capes Current was suppressed and reversed direction. The poleward flow over the shelf contributed to near-shore warming in contrast to cooling by upwelling and equatorward advection from the Capes Current in previous years.

Phylogeographic evidence for two mesic refugia in a biodiversity hotspot.

Phylogeographic studies of flora in species-rich south-western Australia point to complex evolutionary histories, reflecting patterns of persistence and resilience to climatic changes during the Pleistocene. We asked whether coastal areas of the mid-west and south, as well as granite outcrops and inland ranges, have acted as major refugia within this region during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations by analysing phylogeographic patterns in the shrub Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br. (Myrtaceae). We determined variation in chloroplast DNA data for 41 populations across the geographic range. Relationships and major clades were resolved using parsimony and Bayesian analyses. We tested for demographic and spatial expansion of the major clades and estimated clade divergence dates using an uncorrelated, lognormal relaxed clock based on two conservative chloroplast mutation rates. Two distinct phylogeographic clades were identified showing divergence during the Pleistocene, consistent with other phylogeographic studies of south-west Australian flora, emphasising the impact of climatic oscillations in driving divergence in this landscape. The southern clade was more diverse, having higher haplotype diversity and greater genetic structure, while the northern clade showed evidence of fluctuation in population size. Regions of high haplotype diversity with adjacent areas of low diversity observed in each clade indicated the locations of two coastal refugia: one on the south coast and another along the mid-west coast. This is the first evidence for major Pleistocene refugia using chloroplast genetic data in a common, widespread species from this region.

Length, strength and water flow: relative importance of wave and current exposure on morphology in kelp Laminaria hyperborea

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 506:61-70 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10778 Length, strength and water flow: relative importance of wave and current exposure on morphology in kelp Laminaria hyperborea Trine Bekkby1,2,*, Eli Rinde1, Hege Gundersen1,3, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug1,4, Janne K. Gitmark1, Hartvig Christie1 1Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway 2Geo-Ecology Research Group, Natural History Museum, and 3Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), and 4Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway *Corresponding author: trine.bekkby@niva.no ABSTRACT: Water flow is a strong determinant of kelp growth, but it is also a stress factor causing breakage and dislodgement. As wave exposure and currents differ with respect to flow pattern, the 2 forces are expected to affect kelp morphology differently. We investigated how wave exposure and current speed interact and influence kelp Laminaria hyperborea morphology. We sampled thalli from 27 stations on the Midwest coast of Norway and recorded age, and length- and strength-related characters. We found that high wave exposure and current speed influenced holdfast biomass and stipe thickness. Wave exposure had, overall, a stronger effect than current speed. An increase in current speed seemed to have a considerable effect at low wave exposure levels, but the relationship weakened at high wave exposure levels. The length-related (‘go with the flow’) characters thallus and stipe length were influenced by wave induced water flow but not by current speed. Differences in wave exposure and current speed had very weak influences on lamina biomass and length. Thus, the proportion of the thallus being lamina was high in the most sheltered areas and decreased as the wave exposure increased. Our study suggests that the strong, orbital and stochastic mode of wave exposure has a different and stronger effect as a stressor than the more regular and bidirectional stress caused by currents. KEY WORDS: Physical disturbance · Stress · Water flow · Kelp morphology · Biomass · Size Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Bekkby T, Rinde E, Gundersen H, Norderhaug KM, Gitmark JK, Christie H (2014) Length, strength and water flow: relative importance of wave and current exposure on morphology in kelp Laminaria hyperborea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 506:61-70. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10778 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 506. Online publication date: June 23, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research.

Extracting LonggRun Information from Energy Prices The Role of Exogeneity

This article considers cointegration analysis to detect key features of long‐run structure in the gasoline market. The main purpose of this study is to investigate possible long‐run price leadership in the US gasoline market and the characteristics relevant to a competitive market using the vector error correction model. After examining the stationarity and cointegration properties of the weekly gasoline prices across eight different regions of the US we consider long‐run price leadership and parallel pricing in the framework of the cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR). In contrast with Kurita (2008) the complete market is considered using data on 901 weekly gasoline prices for the US. The finding of a single common trend has been observed for a smaller number of regions, but when the system is estimated across the US it is found that the cointegrating rank based on a broader range of prices implies two further common trends. One can be associated with at least one weakly exogenous variable and the others to cointegrating exogeneity and the tests of exogeneity suggest that the Gulf Coast, Mid West and West Coast gasoline prices are forcing rather than responding to the other regions in the long‐run.

Geological consequences of the Saemangeum Dyke, mid-west coast of korea: A review

The Saemangeum Dyke is located in an estuarine setting, regulated in a complicated manner by a macrotidal regime, rivers, and winter monsoon. Accordingly, the constructed dyke resulted in a variety of artificial changes in geological characteristics in the estuary and its vicinity. To investigate those dyke-induced changes, the KORDI (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) performed sedimentological and sediment-dynamical observations from 2002 to 2010. On the basis of the KORDI results, the major geological changes and associated dynamical processes are reviewed. Five phenomena, among others, are focused on: depositional-channel creation; gap-related erosion; forced movements of surface sands; tidal-flat growth inside the dyke; and blanketing of mud over the sandy seafloor. These phenomena were unforeseen before the dyke construction, and reflect that the dyke could cause both erosion and deposition on an estuarine scale. The investigations conclude that the sediments in the dyke-influenced region were derived from the two rivers, Mangyeong and Dongjin, of the estuary. This is completely contrary to the offshore origin proposed before the dyke construction. As a result, the review supports the proposal that a thorough geological investigation and rational forecast is necessary prior to dyke construction to avoid economic loss and a fractious environmental debate.

Ranking of length-class, seasonal and regional effects on dietary compositions of the co-occurring Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) and Pseudocaranx georgianus (Carangidae)

Using an effective combination of multivariate testing and ordination analyses, this study compares the extents to which the diets of two co-occurring fish species (Pagrus auratus and Pseudocaranx georgianus) are related to body size (length class), season and region and the rank order importance of those effects. Thus, volumetric dietary compositions were determined for these species on the lower west coast of Australia, where both are abundant, and for P. auratus from the mid west coast and P. georgianus from the south coast. The diet of P. auratus on the lower west coast was strongly related to body size and slightly less to season. With increasing body size, its diet shifted from predominantly ophiuroids to larger prey, such as brachyuran crabs, teleosts, echinoids and ultimately asteroids, probably reflecting a shift from foraging over soft sediments to areas over and around reefs. Seasonal changes on the lower west coast were restricted mainly to small P. auratus, while larger fish underwent seasonal changes further north. Analyses using a common size range of medium to larger P. auratus demonstrated that dietary composition differed more between regions than seasons. The relationships between diet and length class of P. georgianus on both the lower west and south coasts were less pronounced than for P. auratus and seasonal changes were restricted to the south coast, where amphipod consumption increased markedly in summer. The diet of P. georgianus was related far more to region than length class and season, with more small teleosts, small crabs, carideans and littorinids and less amphipods, isopods and small bivalves being ingested on the lower west than south coasts. Although crabs and teleosts were important typifying prey of P. auratus and P. georgianus, when co-occurring, the former predator tended to ingest greater volumes of larger and often less mobile prey. This reflects differences in dentition, jaw morphology and feeding behaviour and reduces the potential for competition for food resources. The results imply that P. auratus and P. georgianus are opportunistic feeders and that the effects of length class, season and region on dietary composition and their rank orders can vary markedly between species and for length class and season between regions for the same species.

Bait Effects in Sampling Coral Reef Fish Assemblages with Stereo-BRUVs

Baited underwater video techniques are increasingly being utilised for assessing and monitoring demersal fishes because they are: 1) non extractive, 2) can be used to sample across multiple habitats and depths, 3) are cost effective, 4) sample a broader range of species than many other techniques, 5) and with greater statistical power. However, an examination of the literature demonstrates that a range of different bait types are being used. The use of different types of bait can create an additional source of variability in sampling programs. Coral reef fish assemblages at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, were sampled using baited remote underwater stereo-video systems. One-hour stereo-video recordings were collected for four different bait treatments (pilchards, cat food, falafel mix and no bait (control)) from sites inside and outside a targeted fishery closure (TFC). In total, 5209 individuals from 132 fish species belonging to 41 families were recorded. There were significant differences in the fish assemblage structure and composition between baited and non-baited treatments (P<0.001), while no difference was observed with species richness. Samples baited with cat food and pilchards contained similar ingredients and were found to record similar components of the fish assemblage. There were no significant differences in the fish assemblages in areas open or closed to fishing, regardless of the bait used. Investigation of five targeted species indicated that the response to different types of bait was species-specific. For example, the relative abundance of Pagrus auratus was found to increase in areas protected from fishing, but only in samples baited with pilchards and cat food. The results indicate that the use of bait in conjunction with stereo-BRUVs is advantageous. On balance, the use of pilchards as a standardised bait for stereo-BRUVs deployments is justified for use along the mid-west coast of Western Australia.

현장사례를 통한 밭 작부의 질소와 인산양분 수지 평가

밭작물의 양분효율 증진을 도모코자 몇몇 지역의 대표작물을 중심으로 행해지는 작부유형을 조사하고 이의 작부유형별 양분수지를 분석하였다. 해남, 무안의 경우 마늘,양파 및 월동배추의 동작물과 콩, 참깨 등 시비량이 적은 하작물의 작부가 많았으며, 반면 평창은 배추를 년 간 2기작 재배 또는 봄 감자-가을배추 또는 무 재배가 전형적인 작부로 하작물 위주였다. 고추재배가 중심인 안동과 영양은 고추단작 그리고 고추-콩 또는 참깨가 주요 작부 유형이었으며, 중서부 해안지역인 홍성과 서산은 타 지역에 비해 비교적 작부유형이 다양한 편이였다. 작부유형별 양분수지는 배추를 1년 2기작 재배할 경우 질소 및 인산수지 모두 가장 높게 평가되어 환경적, 경제적 측면을 고려할 때 불리한 작부유형으로 나타났다. Cropping system is very important for environment conservation and improvement of nutrient recovery rates in agricultural land. This case study was conducted to identify the nutrient balance of major upland cropping types with different districts. Typical cropping systems at MuAn and HaeNam located in the south coast district were cultivated with soybean-chinese cabbage or garlic and garlic-soybean-chinese cabbage-hot pepper. Alpine district, PyeongChang was cultivated with double cropping of chinese cabbage and potato-radish or chinese cabbage for one year. Typical cropping type of AnDong, YeongYang where are well known for hot pepper cultivation was hot pepper's mono cropping and hot pepper-soybean or hot pepper-sesame for one year. But SeoSan and HongSeong, where are located in mid-west coast had variety cropping system compareed to other districts. Double cropping of chinese cabbage, a heavy fertilizing crop, caused higher nutrient balance in the field when it was cultivated consistently. Experiment showed that heavy fertilizing crops, such as chinese cabbage, garlic and onion, need to be rotated with soybean and sesame cultivation which need smaller fertilizer level. Alpine arable land has shown higher nutrient balance than other areas, and the introduction of rotation crops are needed to reduce nutrient balance and environmental protection.

Sand Transport offshore the Saemangeum Dike, Midwest Coast of Korea

Abstract Geological investigations conducted over a vast seabed offshore the giant Saemangeum Dike on the west coast of Korea indicate that the surface area of fine to very fine sands has rapidly expanded southward in recent years (2002–2008). To unravel the processes responsible for this phenomenon, two field campaigns of hydrodynamic measurements were carried out at the same station with an instrumented tripod during May 2007 and January 2008. The measurements show the definite occurrence of wind-generated residual currents that were more distinctive and consistent during winter compared with the relatively weak, inconsistent analogues of the late-spring season. The simple algebraic calculations for bedload transport based on a cubic relationship between the bedload transport rate and steady currents suggest that the southward movements of surface sands result from interplay of wintertime residual currents and macrotidal currents. In addition, numerical model experiments illuminate that the dike constru...

Preliminary results on suspended sediment transport by tidal currents in Gomso Bay, Korea

This study briefly investigated sediment transport by tidal currents in Gomso Bay, on the mid-west coast of Korea during the summer season. Hydrodynamic measurements with benthic tripods (TISDOSs) show that near-bed suspended sediments are transported toward the bay mouth along the low-water line of tidal flats in the southern part of the bay, while they are directed offshore in front of the major tidal channel at the bay mouth according to tidal asymmetry. However, suspended sediments in the main body of sea water, observed from transect and anchor-site measurements, indicate a consistent incoming toward the uppermost tidal flats. A brief episode of relatively strong winds from the west and southeast displays that wind waves can yield the near-bed suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) overwhelming the SSC by tidal currents alone in the remaining duration.

Ergonomic Best Practices in Masonry: Regional Differences, Benefits, Barriers, and Recommendations for Dissemination

Within construction the masonry trade has particularly high rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A NIOSH-sponsored meeting of masonry stakeholders explored current and potential “Best Practices” for reducing MSDs in masonry and identified potential regional differences in use of practices. To verify and better understand the regional effects and other factors associated with differences in practice use, a national telephone survey of masonry contractors was conducted. The United States was divided into four regions for evaluation: Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, and West Coast. Nine practices with the potential to reduce MSDs in masonry workers were evaluated. Masonry contractors, owners, and foremen completed 183 surveys. The results verify regional differences in use of best practices in masonry. Half-weight cement bags and autoclave aerated concrete were rarely used anywhere, while lightweight block and mortar silos appear to be diffusing across the country. The Northeast uses significantly fewer best practices than other regions. This article examines reasons for regional differences in masonry best practice, and findings provide insight into use and barriers to adoption that can be used by safety managers, researchers, and other safety advocates to more effectively disseminate ergonomic solutions across the masonry industry.

Using accumulated degree-days to estimate postmortem interval from the DNA yield of porcine skeletal muscle

Determining the age of meat may require DNA extraction from tissue that may be frozen, chilled or sold over the counter of butchers. Until now, there has no systematic study on the ageing of meat. In the human application, the parallel is the determination of the time of death or postmortem interval (PMI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of accumulated degree-days on the DNA yield of skeletal muscle and its possible application to estimate PMI. This study focused on the exposure of skeletal muscle tissue to a coastal environment. Two specimens of Sus domesticus, each weighing approximately 45 kg, were placed above ground to decompose over time. One pig was sampled over the summer season (December to February) and the other specimen during the winter season (June to August). Both the summer and winter pig studies were conducted in Drummond Cove, on the Mid West coast of Western Australia. Samples of muscle were collected at 2 day intervals for the summer and winter pigs. The daily maximum and minimum environmental temperature and humidity was recorded. Although time is an important factor in the degradation of DNA it is not critical. This study confirms that DNA degradation is best modelled as dependent on accumulated temperature rather than just time. The sequential nature and an initial decrease in the DNA yield in skeletal muscle has the potential to apply to estimation of PMI but further tests need to be conducted to confirm our findings.

Phylogenetic Diversity of Organophosphorous Pesticide-Degrading Coral Bacteria from Mid-West Coast of Indonesia

The present study aimed to investigate the general insights into the diversity of the bacterial community associated with the corals which capable of degrading org anophosphorous pesticide. The diversity of indigenous bacteria associated with corals from several sites in the Indonesia coastal waters able to degrade organophosphorous compounds (OPs) was investigated using of culture-based methods and molecular analyses. Twenty five strains among 103 isolates (24.36%) demonstrated their capability of degrading selected organophosphates (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, profenofos and ethion) as sole source of carbon and energy. A rapid grouping of the 25 selected isolates by using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-PCR genomic fingerprinting with ERIC and BOXA1 R primers was canied to estimate the richness of the isolates and 6 representative strains were examined further. Following partial sequencmgs of the 16S rDNA, it was shown that these strains belonged to three major groups of bacteria: (i) members of the division Bacillus, (ii) Actinobacteria and (iii) y-Proteobacteria. Strain KM5, JM33, BM5, 5B3, KF4 and BY6 were closely related to Brachybacterium sp., Kytococcus sp., Brevibacterium sp., Chromohalobacter sp., Oceanobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp., respectively. This study provides the first evidence of organophosphorous pesticide-degrading bacteria isolated from corals.

AOA 2005 John J. Fahey, MD, Memorial North American Traveling Fellowship: Fellowsʼ Travel Diary

In 1960, the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) established the North American Traveling Fellowship (NATF). Inspired by John Fahey, MD, the AOA NATF has served as a mechanism to stimulate an intellectual exchange of ideas and leadership in the field of orthopaedics. The NATF has since evolved into a venue whereby young orthopaedic surgeons who are commencing a potential career in academics may learn by sharing ideas regarding the current leadership and research challenges in orthopaedics. Although it has been held more frequently, the current NATF model is one in which five fellows (four American and one Canadian) are selected every odd year to travel to the East Coast, Midwest, or West Coast of the United States and Canada. Our 2005 tour was organized by Kristy L. Weber, MD (Chief, Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Johns Hopkins University), who coordinated all of our visits on the West Coast. The five traveling fellows were Kevin J. Bozic, a joint replacement surgeon from the University of California San Francisco; Johnny Lau, a foot and ankle surgeon from Toronto, Canada; Rex Haydon, an orthopaedic oncology surgeon from the University of Chicago; Matthew T. Provencher, a shoulder and sports medicine surgeon from the Naval Medical Center in San Diego; and Heather Vallier, an orthopaedic trauma surgeon from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. The fellows were first met in Canada by Dr. Kevin Hildebrand, Chief of Research at the Calgary Orthopaedic Program. As is the tradition of the NATF, a busy social and academic program awaited us at each institution and we were immediately indoctrinated into the demanding schedule we would maintain for the next thirty-one days. On the first morning, the group was treated to orthopaedic grand rounds at the Calgary hospital. Dr. Hildebrand shared his thoughts on posttraumatic elbow contractures, and then the fellows …

Immigration Nation: A Guide for the Perplexed

In absolute terms, the number of immigrants residing in the United States—approximately thirty-five million—is at an all—time high. In relative terms, the density of the foreign-born population is approaching the peaks reached in the two previous waves of immigration, the 1830s to the 1850s and the 1880s to the 1920s. Moreover, the current wave, which began in the late 1960s, has spread far beyond the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast, the three areas of the country in which most immigrants of earlier times had concentrated. Florida, Texas, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Arizona, and Colorado now have large immigrant populations. And in these states and, indeed throughout the country, immigrants have distributed themselves to second-tier cities and even small towns to a far greater degree than ever before. For this reason, immigration, in demographic terms, is arguably more of a national phenomenon today than at any other point in U.S. history.

Ormen Lange Langeled Development

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper OTC 18961, "The Ormen Lange Langeled Development," by Tom Rotjer, Hydro, prepared for the 2007 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April-3 May. The full-length paper provides a summary of the challenges of executing the Ormen Lange Langeled project. The three main features of the project-execution phase are the Ormen Lange offshore development, the Ormen Lange onshore development, and the Langeled gas-export system including the gas-receiving facility in the UK. Introduction The Ormen Lange gas field was discovered by Hydro in 1997. The development of the field, 120 km off the midwest coast of Norway, is the largest industrial project in Norway. As of January 2007, the Ormen Lange Langeled project is more than 90% complete, within budget, and on schedule for gas export by October 2007. When Ormen Lange comes on stream in October 2007, the project will contribute to the increase of Norwegian gas export by 25%. The peak annual gas production from the field of 22×109 std m3 is equivalent to the total annual energy consumption in Norway. Gas from Ormen Lange will be able to meet as much as 20% of the UK gas demand. Production life is estimated to be 30 to 40 years. Ormen Lange's gas-export pipeline, Langeled, from Nyhamna in Norway to Easington on the east coast of England, is the world's longest subsea pipeline, with 42- and 44-in.-diameter pipes and a total length of 1200 km. The Ormen Lange field will contribute significantly to Norway becoming the second largest exporter of natural gas in the world. Project Management The Ormen Lange Langeled field-development project is organized with a multicompany integrated project team headed by Hydro. Shell is responsible for subsurface and drilling of production wells and for preparing for operations. Statoil is responsible for the execution of the Langeled project. Because of the shear size and complexity of the project, it was organized into the following three major subprojects with different focuses and challenges.The Ormen Lange offshore project consists of subsea installations approximately 120 km offshore, with templates, manifolds, and pipelines.The Ormen Lange onshore project consists of the gas-processing facilities at Nyhamna.The Langeled project consists of the 1200-km gas-export transportation system, the tie-in to the Sleipner field, and the Easington gas-reception terminal in the UK. Hydro organized a common project for the execution of the field development and the transportation system to secure the integrity of the Ormen Lange Langeled project from reservoir to market. The Langeled-project organization has been staffed with personnel from both Statoil and Hydro.