Mid-penile Hypospadias Research Articles

Urethral pull-up operation for distal and mid-penile hypospadias: a new safe method.

This case series of 51 patients (age range = 11-17 years; 30-month follow-up) describes a new modified approach to treatment of distal and mid-penile hypospadias that has fewer complications. The meatal locations were sub-coronal (51%), coronal (45%) and mid-penile (4%). Forty patients had chordee. Urethra with the corpus spongiosum was dissected off the corpus cavernosum up to the peno-scrotal junction. The distal 5 mm stenotic and avascular part of the urethral tube was excised. The elastic urethra was then stretched and sutured to form a neo-meatus. The urethra was anchored to the Buck's fascia at the glandular, sub-coronal and mid-penile levels. Meatal regression in one patient (2%), subcutaneous hematomas in two patients (4%) and wound dehiscence in two patients (4%) were the complications in the immediate postoperative period. None developed fistula, meatal stenosis or residual chordee in the 30-month follow-up.

Long-Term Results of Modified Connell Suture Technique in Repair of Distal and Mid Penile Hypospadias

Amaç: Hipospadias eksternal üretral meanın penisin ventral yüzünde proksimale açılması ile karakterize konjenital bir anomalidir. Hipospadias onarımında temel hedef üretranın glansın distaline taşınması ve penisin normal görünümünün tekrar sağlanmasıdır. Birçok onarım tekniği sonuçları paylaşılmış olmasına karşın, pek azında cerrahi esnasında kullanılan sütürün uygulanma tekniği tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı hipospadias onarımında ilk kez tarif edilen Modifiye Connell sütür tekniğinin (MCST) perioperatif ve postoperatif sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2011-Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında distal ve midpenil hipospadias nedeniyle Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty (TIPU) yapılan ve üretraplasti ile glandüloplasti aşamalarında MCST uygulanan 25 hastanın sonuçları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Rekürren ve sünnetli vakalar çalışmadan çıkarıldılar. Perioperatif sütürasyon süresi, penil turnike süresi ve postoperatif komplikasyonlar ve postoperatif 1. hafta, 1. ay, 3. ay ve yıllık takip sonuçları kayıt edildi.Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 5.6 ± 1.2 yıl, ortalama takip süresi 4.05 yıldır. 13 subkoronal, 3 koronal ve 9 midpenil hipospadias vakası vardı. Operasyon esnasında Modifiye Connell sütürasyonu için harcanan ortalama süre 8.3 ± 2.1 dakika olarak belirlendi. Ortalama turnike süresi ise 12.3 ± 3.4 dakika olarak saptandı. 25 olgunun 24'ünde (%96) cerrahi başarılı sonuç alınmıştır. Sadece 1 olguda dilatasyona yanıt veren meatal stenoz izlenmiştir. Hiçbir olguda üretro-kutanöz fistül izlenmemiştir. Uzun dönem takip sonuçları uygun kalibreli ve kozmetik olarak kabul edilebilir ileri doğru, tazyikli, tek, kompakt bir idrar akımı ile düzgün işleyen bir üretra sağlandığını ortaya koydu. Sonuç: Hipospadias onarımında MCST uygulama esnasında güvenilir, hızlı, yara dudaklarının uc-uca getirilmesinde ve epitelyum hattının inverte edilmesinde avantajlı, watertight, doku kanlanmasını bozmayan ve dolayısıyla yara iyileşmesini kolaylaştırıp postoperatif fistül gelişimi riskini azaltan ve fibrotik bir iyileşme hattı yerine vasküler bir hat oluşturarak üretral stenoz ve penil kurvatur riskini azaltan bir yöntemdir.

Short term outcomes of snodgrass urethroplasty in distal and mid penile hypospadias

Background: Hypospadias is common congenital condition. First attempted hypospadias surgery was done during first century A.D. Since then more than 300 techniques have been explained in the surgery for Hypospadias. The goal of surgery is focused on functional and cosmetic outcomes. In 1994 Snodgrass popularized the technique of urethral plate incision, tubularization and secondary dorsal healing for hypospadias repair. Aim of the study was to evaluate the short term outcomes of Snodgrass urethroplasty.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted by the department of Pediatric Surgery, Kempegowda Institute of medical sciences (KIMS) hospital, Bangalore from 2014 to 2017. Children with mid penile and distal hypospadias who had undergone Snodgrass urethroplasty were enrolled in the study. Children with previous surgery were excluded. The demographic data, duration of surgery, post operative requirement of anticholinergics, duration of catheterization and post operative stay were tabulated. Children were followed up for duration of 6 months to 3 years. Post operative complications were tabulated. Results: 40 children were included in the study. Age ranges of children were between 9 months to 14 years. In most of the children hypospadias was diagnosed at birth. The mean duration of surgery was 97.25 minutes. The mean duration of hospitalization was12.2 day. The overall complications rate was 20%. The most common complication was urethrocutaneous fistula. Out of the 40 children included in the study 4(10%) children required resurgery (urethrocutaneous fistula closure).Conclusions: Snodgrass urethroplasty is a simple and effective technique. It is easy to learn and can be applied as a single stage procedure. The most common complications are urethrocutaneous fistula and meatal stenosis.

Comparison of Anatomical Landmarks and Dimensions in a Hypospadiac Glans with Those of a Normal Glans.

Aim of the Study:The aim of this study is to establish ventral glans length (VGL), meatus (M) size, and their ratio VGL/M (R) in normal Indian boys and to compare these with the respective equivalent dimensions in boys with distal and mid-penile hypospadias using anatomic landmarks.Methods:Normal boys were designated as Group A (n = 108), and the boys with hypospadias were designated as Group B (n = 81). The anatomical landmarks marked on the glans were measured using a digital camera and appropriate software.Results:The mean age of the boys in Groups A and B was 4.26 ± 3.59 (range 0.5–12) and 3.82 ± 2.85 (0.7–11) years, respectively. The observed mean values in Group A for VGL-A, M-A, and R-A were 3.05 ± 1.27 (range 1.19–8.09), 4.3 ± 1.23 (range 1.61–7.04), and 0.8 ± 0.45 (range 0.27–2.1) mm, respectively. The observed mean values in Group B for VGL-B, M-B, and R-B were 3.77 ± 0.81 (range 12.41–5.2), 3.27 ± 0.71 (range 2.25–5.34), and 1.17 ± 0.26 (range 0.84–1.86) mm, respectively. Comparison of R-A and R-B showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:The dimensions and the studied ratio between a hypospadiac glans and a normal glans differed significantly. The ratio between VGL and M was 0.8 in normal boys. In comparison, the ratio between the equivalent VGL and M in the hypospadiac boys was 1.17. During glansplasty in surgery for hypospadias, this factor should be taken into consideration to avoid the creation of long and tight ventral glans closure.

Role of uroflowmetry before and after hypospadias repair.

Aims:To study the role of uroflowmetry in the preoperative and early postoperative period in children undergoing hypospadias repair.Materials and Methods:Twenty-six cases undergoing hypospadias repair over 1 year (tubularized incised plate [TIP] Snodgrass [17 patients], TIP with Snodgraft [5 patients], Duckett's onlay flap [2 patients], and Duckett's tube [2 patients] urethroplasty) were prospectively evaluated with preoperative ultrasound and uroflowmetry and postoperative uroflowmetry at 3 months after the surgery and at 6 and 9 months interval if these dates fell within the study period on follow-up. The parameters studied were maximum flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qav), total voided volume, voiding time, and type of curve. Preoperative and postoperative uroflow data were compared.Results:Twenty-six cases comprised of anterior hypospadias (n = 8), mid penile (n = 11), and posterior hypospadias (n = 7). Fourteen patients had obstructed flow rates preoperatively. While 69% patients (18/26) had obstructed flow rates at 3 months postoperatively, it dropped to 43% at 9 months. Following TIP (Snodgrass) repair, 88% (15/17) had obstructed flow rates postoperatively. Best results were seen in patients undergoing circumferentially epithelialized urethral reconstruction (TIP with Snodgraft, Duckett's onlay flap, and Duckett's tube).Conclusions:Abnormal uroflow is an inherent aspect of hypospadias in 50% of the cases. Both preoperative and postoperative uroflow evaluation is necessary for meaningful conclusion. Patients with preoperative normal flow rates but obstructed postoperative flow rates need clinical evaluation. Obstructive flow rates are more common after TIP (Snodgrass) repair. The urinary flow rates improve with time.

Comparison of interrupted- and continuous-suture urethroplasty in tubularised incised-plate hypospadias repair: A prospective study

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of interrupted- and continuous-suture urethroplasty on complication rates in Snodgrass tubularised incised-plate (TIP) hypospadias repair. Patients and methodsThis was a prospective randomised study comprising 100 boys (age range 1–5 years) with primary subcoronal, distal- and mid-penile hypospadias who underwent repair from October 2010 to March 2015 in a tertiary care hospital. Boys with glanular, recurrent, and proximal hypospadias were excluded from the study. The boys were prospectively randomised into two groups: Group A, comprised 50 boys who underwent interrupted subcuticular suture Snodgrass TIP urethroplasty; and Group B, comprised 50 boys who underwent continuous subcuticular suture Snodgrass TIP urethroplasty. Outcomes were assessed in terms of complication rates and aesthetic appearance during follow-up. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications between the groups. There were 21 complications, with 10 occurring in Group A and 11 in Group-B. Urethrocutaneous fistula was the most common complication in both groups (six in Group A and seven in Group B), the fistulae were <2 mm in nine patients and 3–5 mm in the remaining four. Partial glans dehiscence occurred in one patient in each group. One patient from each group also had superficial wound infection, meatal stenosis and urethral stricture respectively, all of which were managed conservatively. The resultant urinary stream was single and good in all patients of both groups. ConclusionsThe type of suture technique had no significant effect on complication rates after Snodgrass hypospadias repair and thus the choice of technique depends on surgeon preference.

Pedicled preputial island flap for double functions in hypospadias surgery.

To use the prepuce for double functions one as a second layer for the neourethra to decrease the incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula and the second as a skin covering for the ventral aspect of the penis. From January 2013 to December 2016, 37 cases of hypospadias with mild to moderate chordee were included in this study. The cases with ventral penile skin defect were managed by tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) using pedicled preputial flap. Recurrent cases, cases with severe chordee which necessitated division of the urethral plate, and cases with penoscrotal hypospadias were excluded from this study. Thirty-seven cases of hypospadias aged 9-60 months with a mean age of 24.8 months were included in this study. Coronal (n= 9 cases; 24.3%), distal penile (n=11; 29.9%), and midpenile hypospadias (n= 17; 45.9%) were detected in respective number of patients. Postoperative complications consisted of external meatal stenosis (n=2; 8.1%), and one case with urethrocutaneous fistula. Skin necrosis was not reported in this study. Follow-up visits were performed at 1, 3 and 6 months which showed good cosmetic appearance that was accepted by their parents. This technique was beneficial in decreasing the rate of skin necrosis, as it keeps the blood supply to the preputial skin intact, and decreases the incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula.

Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal and midpenile hypospadias reoperation: A single institute experience

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate our experience in tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in distal and midpenile hypospadias reoperation. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of 56 patients who underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in distal and midpenile hypospadias reoperation. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty was performed using a surgical technique like the primary tubularized incised plate repair based on the Snodgrass’s method. We recorded complications and functional outcomes of redo procedures. Results: We reviewed 56 patients who ranged in age from 2–16 years (mean 7.02±3.8 years). The overall complication rate was 33.9% ( n=19). Eight patients (14.3%) had fistula, six had meatal stenosis (10.7%), four had dehiscence (7.1%), and one had neourethral stenosis (1.8%). The complications occurred in 13 of mid-penile cases representing 50% of mid-penile cases but occurred in six cases of distal-penile cases (20%). The success rate of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty reoperation was 94.6% after repair of fistula and meatal stenosis by simple closure of fistula and meatoplasty. Conclusion: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty is a safe and effective alternative procedure for hypospadias reoperations. The outcome is favorable if the urethral plate has no scars and with distal meatal location. The complication rate increases if the third redo is done and with midpenile meatal location.

Experience with tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in distal and mid penile hypospadias

Background: Whilst hypospadias is a common congenital defect in boys its aetiology largely remains unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty in distal and mid-penile hypospadias repair. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective clinical study conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery over a period of 42 months (January 2012 to June 2015). All patients with distal and mid shaft hypospadias who underwent TIP urethroplasty in our department were studied. The patients were followed up for a period of 1 year after surgery. Results: Fifty eight patients (N = 58) with hypospadias (29 distal and 29 mid penile) were included in the study. The mean age at presentation was 4.5 years (range 3–7 years). The mean operative time was 70 min (range 55–90 min). The mean duration of postoperative stay was 11 days (range: 10–14 days). Overall 15 patients (25.86%) developed complications. Urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) developed in 10 (17.24%) patients. Meatal stenosis occurred in six (10.34%) patients. Five patients (8.62%) developed flap necrosis and dehiscence of glans occurred in two patients (3.44%). The difference in complication rate between different types of hypospadias was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in cosmetic and functional outcome between two groups operated by TIP urethroplasty. Conclusion: TIP urethroplasty is a simple and effective technique of repair for distal and mid-penile hypospadias in properly selected patients. It offers good functional and cosmetic results.

A novel technique for repair of mid-penile hypospadias using a preputial skin flap: results of 110 patients.

Several techniques have been used to repair mid-penile hypospadias; however, high failure rates and major complications have been reported. In this study, we describe a novel technique using a well-vascularized flap of the inner and outer preputial skin. A total of 110 male children with hypospadias underwent repair by our technique between 2008 and 2015. The inclusion criteria were children with mid-penile or slightly more proximal hypospadias, with or without ventral chordae, and an intact prepuce of the cobra eyes variety. Recurrent cases, patients with other preputial types, and circumcised children were excluded from this study. The prepared flap was sutured in its natural longitudinal orientation to the created urethral plate strip to form a neo-urethra over a urethral catheter. Outcome measures included surgical success without the formation of a urethra-cutaneous fistula, no ischaemia of the flaps, glans dehiscence or infection and functional outcome and cosmetic appearance. The median follow-up duration was 3.3years. There were 63 cases of mid-penile hypospadias (57.3%), and in 47 cases (42.7%), the meatus was slightly more proximal. The age of the patients ranged from 1.1 to 8.0years, with a mean age of 4.6±1.2years. Surgery was successful in 106 (96.4%) cases. Minor complications occurred in 11 patients (10%) and included oedema of glans in ten patients and bluish discoloration on the ventral aspect of the glans close to the suture line in three patients. All patients improved within 2weeks after surgery. Long-term follow-up revealed a properly functioning urethra with a forward, projectile, single, compact, and rifled urinary stream of adequate calibre and cosmetically acceptable repair. No cases of meatal retraction, meatal stenosis, urethral stricture, or acquired urethral diverticulum occurred. Our technique is different from the split prepuce in situ technique. We create a narrow strip of the urethral plate that facilitates glanular closure, and we use the inner and adjacent outer skin in a vertical manner to preserve excess skin for penile coverage. Prepuce is split at midline to preserve more preputial skin with favourable dartos tissue for penile skin coverage. The glans is closed using a stitch-by-stitch method that has not been described previously. This study presents a novel technique for mid-penile hypospadias repair using a preputial skin flap with excellent results in terms of short- and long-term outcomes.

Vascularized dorsal dartos flap to prevent fistula in tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for primary distal and mid shaft hypospadias

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of neourethral covering using vascularized dorsal flap for preventing fistula in Tabularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty. The study included 52 children (aged 2-10 years) who had hypospadias repaired including 44 with distal and 8 with mid shaft hypospadias. In all children, a standard tabularized incised plate urethroplasty was followed by reconstruction of new surrounding urethral tissue. A longitudinal dartos flap was harvested from excessive dorsal preputial and penile hypospadiac skin and transposed to ventral side by a buttonhole maneuver. It was sutured to the glans wings and the neomeatus and to the corpora covernosa over the neo-urethra. Thus the new urethra was completely covered with well-vascularzed subcutaneous tissue. At a mean follow-up of 18 months, the result was successful with no fistula or urethral stenosis, except 2 of the mid penile hypospadias. All patients had good functional and cosmetic results with straight penis and vertical slit shaped meatus at the tip of the penis. The 2 patients developed tiny fistula, which were closed spontaneously after meatal dilatation. In conclusion, urethral covering should be part of TIP urethroplasty. A dorsal well-vascularized dartos flap, button holed ventrally is a good choice for preventing fistula for distal and mid shaft hypospadias.

Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty repair in adult hypospadias patients. Are results similar to those reported in the pediatric age group? A prospective study

ObjectiveMost studies published in the literature report on the results of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) for hypospadias repair in children. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the results of TIPU repair in adults. Patients and methodsThe records of 60 adult patients with primary hypospadias treated with TIPU between April 2009 and May 2012 were reviewed. All the procedures were done by the same surgeon under similar conditions and using the same kind of instruments and suture material. On clinical examination, the meatal location, as well as the presence/absence of chordee and penile torsion was assessed. The quality of the spongiosum and the width of the urethral plate were evaluated intraoperatively. The postoperative complications and results were recorded and the data were analyzed. ResultsThe patients’ age ranged from 16 to 27 years with a mean of 21 years. Out of the 60 cases, 43 (72%) had distal penile, 7 (11%) mid-penile and 10 (17%) proximal hypospadias. Penile torsion was present in 10 (17%) cases with 80% having a torsion ≤45° and 20% having a torsion of 45–90°. Ventral chordee ranging from 30° to 90° was present in 14 (23%) cases. Chordee correction was possible by penile de-gloving in 4 (29%) patients (2 with distal and 2 with mid-penile hypospadias), by further mobilization of the urethral plate with the corpus spongiosum in 3 (21%) and by proximal urethral mobilization in another 6 (42%) patients with proximal hypospadias. One (7%) patient also required tunica albuginea plication. The urethral plate was wide in 22 (37%), average in 26 (43%) and narrow in 12 (20%) patients. Fifty percent of the patients with a narrow urethral plate developed complications, compared to 15% of the patients whose urethral plate had an average width and none of the patients with a wide urethral plate. The spongiosum was well developed in 38 (63%) patients, while in 11 (18%) patients each the spongiosum was moderately and poorly developed. The complication rates were significantly higher (55%) in patients with a poorly developed spongiosum as compared to those with a well-developed spongiosum. The overall complication rate was 17% including fistula in 10% of the patients (2 patients with mid-penile and 4 patients with proximal hypospadias). Meatal stenosis was found in 4 patients with distal hypospadias (7%) who responded well to meatal dilatation. The fistula cases required surgical repair with a success rate of 100%. Mean hospitalization and follow-up were 9 days and 6–24 (median 37) months, respectively. ConclusionsComplications encountered in the present study were urethral fistula and meatal stenosis with a higher incidence in patients with proximal hypospadias than reported in the literature. The important factors for the outcome of TIPU were the severity of hypospadias, the degree of curvature and the development of the spongiosum and urethral plate. Proximal hypospadias with a poor urethral plate and severe curvature in adults is not suitable for TIPU. In such cases, single-stage flap urethroplasty or two-stage buccal mucosal urethroplasty should be considered instead.

589 A novel technique for repair of mid-penile hypospadias using a preputial skin flap: Results of 110 patients

589 A novel technique for repair of mid-penile hypospadias using a preputial skin flap: Results of 110 patients

Normalized Urinary Flow at Puberty after Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty for Hypospadias in Childhood

An obstructive urinary flow pattern is frequently seen after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for hypospadias. However, the significance of this finding has not been determined and long-term results are few. We describe postoperative long-term uroflowmetry results after puberty in males who underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in childhood. A total of 126 boys underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal penile to mid shaft hypospadias at Queen Silvia Children's Hospital in Gothenburg between 1999 and 2003. Of the patients 48 were toilet trained at surgery. We report on 40 patients who had data available at 2and 12 months postoperatively, 7 years postoperatively and at puberty (median age 15.0 years, range 13.7 to 17.1). Of the patients 31 had distal and 9 had mid penile hypospadias. Clinical examination, urinary medical history, uroflowmetry and ultrasound measuring residual urine were performed. Maximum urinary flow was correlated to age and voided volume, using Miskolc nomograms for comparison of percentiles. At 1 year postoperatively 15 boys (37.5%) had normal urinary flow (above 25th percentile), compared to 16 (40%) at 7 years and 38 (95%) at puberty (p <0.0001). Improvement was significant in patients with distal (p <0.0001) and mid penile hypospadias (p = 0.008), as well as in patients who did (p = 0.0078) and did not undergo intervention (p <0.0001). During followup 5 patients underwent meatotomy due to obstructive symptoms and 4 underwent dilation. Three of these 9 patients had lichen sclerosus. There is great potential for normalization of urinary flow at puberty for boys with hypospadias treated with tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. Unless symptoms occur, a conservative approach seems preferable.

Correlation of severity of penile torsion with type of hypospadias & ventral penile curvature and their management

ObjectiveThis study was carried out to evaluate the correlation between the severity of penile torsion on the one hand and the degree of ventral penile curvature and the type of hypospadias on the other. We also assessed the effectiveness of correction of chordee and torsion by penile degloving and mobilization of the urethral plate and the corpus spongiosum. Patients and methodsThis prospective study included 116 patients with hypospadias and penile torsion out of a total of 376 primary hypospadias cases seen between January 2006 and June 2013. The patients’ age ranged from 8 months to 26 years with a mean age of 8.37 and a median age of 6.4 years. Prior to surgery the type of hypospadias as per location of the meatus, the presence or absence of chordee, the size of the dorsal hood and deviation of the median raphe on the dorsal hood were noted. The torque of the penile shaft (torsion) toward either side of the midline and ventral curvature was measured using a sterile small protractor around the penile shaft. The techniques used for the correction of penile torsion and chordee were penile degloving and mobilization of the corpus spongiosum with the urethral plate and the urethra. ResultsThe abnormal penile rotation ranged from 15° to 110° (average 51.98°). In 70.69% of the patients the torque was on the left side, while it was on the right in 29.31%. 11.2% of the patients had a severe torque, while it was moderate in 37.94% and mild in 50.86% of the cases. The mean torque was 62.38°±23.03° in patients with distal penile (80 cases), 38.04°±18.50° in patients with mid penile (24 cases) and 18.25°±3.33° in patients with proximal penile hypospadias (12 cases) (P value=0.001). Ventral curvature was seen in 71 cases. Mean ventral curvature was 38°±18.55°, 44.28°±21.11° and 73.58°±32.96° in patients with distal penile, mid penile and proximal hypospadias, respectively (P value=0.001). The procedures of choice for the repair of penile torsion were penile degloving in 11% of the cases, mobilization of the urethral plate and the corpus spongiosum in 28% of the cases, mobilization of the proximal urethra in 40% of the cases and mobilization of the urethral plate into the glans in 21% of the cases. Chordee could be corrected using penile degloving and mobilization of the urethra/urethral plate in all cases. ConclusionsPenile torque is more common and severe in distal hypospadias, while ventral curvature is seen more often in proximal hypospadias. The degree of torsion is inversely proportional to the severity of ventral curvature. Techniques for the repair of penile torque and ventral curvature include penile degloving and mobilization of the urethral plate with the corpus spongiosum and the urethra.

Grade of hypospadias is the only factor predicting for re-intervention after primary hypospadias repair: A multivariate analysis from a cohort of 474 patients

There is an ongoing quest on how to minimize complications in hypospadias surgery. There is however a lack of high-quality data on the following parameters that might influence the outcome of primary hypospadias repair: age at initial surgery, the type of suture material, the initial technique, and the type of hypospadias. The objective of this study was to identify independent predictors for re-intervention in primary hypospadias repair. We retrospectively analyzed our database of 474 children undergoing primary hypospadias surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with re-intervention. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant and therefore considered as a prognostic factor for re-intervention. Distal penile hypospadias was reported in 77.2% (n = 366), midpenile in 11.4% (n = 54) and proximal in 11.4% (n = 54) of children. Initial repair was based on an incised plate technique in 39.9% (n = 189), meatal advancement in 36.0% (n = 171), an onlay flap in 17.3% (n = 82) and other or combined techniques in 5.3% (n = 25). In 114 patients (24.1%) re-intervention was required (n = 114) of which 54 re-interventions (47.4%) were performed within the first year post-surgery, 17 (14.9%) in the second year and 43 (37.7%) later than 2 years after initial surgery. The reason for the first re-intervention was fistula in 52 patients (46.4%), meatal stenosis in 32 (28.6%), cosmesis in 35 (31.3%) and other in 14 (12.5%). The median time for re-intervention was 14 months after surgery [range 0-114]. Significant predictors for re-intervention on univariate logistic regression (polyglactin suture material versus poliglecaprone, proximal hypospadias, lower age at operation and other than meatal advancement repair) were put in a multivariate logistic regression model. Of all significant variables, only proximal hypospadias remained an independent predictor for re-intervention (OR 3.27; p = 0.012). The grade of hypospadias remains according to our retrospective analysis the only objective independent predicting factor for re-intervention in hypospadias surgery. This finding is rather obvious for everyone operating hypospadias. Curiously midpenile hypospadias cases were doing slightly better than distal hypospadias in terms of re-intervention rates. Our study however has also some shortcomings. First of all, data was gathered retrospectively and follow-up time was ill-balanced for several variables. We tried to correct this by applying sensitivity analysis, but possible associations between some variables and re-intervention might still be obscured by this. Standard questionnaires to analyze surgical outcome were not available. Therefore, we focused our analysis on re-intervention rate as this is a hard and clinically relevant end point. This retrospective analysis of a large hypospadias database with long-term follow-up indicates that the long-lasting debate about factors influencing the reoperation rate in hypospadias surgery might be futile: in experienced hands, the only variable that independently predicts for re-intervention is the severity of hypospadias, the only factor we cannot modify. This retrospective multivariate analysis of a large hypospadias database with long-term follow-up suggests that the only significant independent predictive factor for re-intervention is proximal hypospadias. In our series, technique did not influence the re-intervention rate.

Comparison between tubularized incised plate urethroplasty and other types of urethroplasty for mid and distal penile hypospadias

Background: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly seen in the male child. The aim of this study was to compare tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty and other types of single stage urethroplasty for mid and distal penile hypospadias. Patients and Methods: Seventy-seven patients having mid and distal penile hypospadias were assessed prospectively and retrospectively from March 2010 to September 2014. The study had retrospective (March 2010-February 2013) and prospective (April 2013-September 2014) divisions. Forty-four patients underwent surgical repair using TIP technique and 33 patients, using other urethroplasties (Mathieu, meatal advancement and glanuloplasty incorporation, and Asopa techniques). Patients were reviewed at 2 weeks, 1-month, and 3 months after discharge. Data including fistula formation, cosmetic disfigurement, and duration of the surgery were collected and the two groups were compared. Results: In both retrospective and prospective groups, TIP urethroplasty has a better outcome than other type of urethroplasties for both mid and distal hypospadias. The fistula formation rates were 31.82% (7) and 64.70% (11) in distal and 31.82% (7) and 62.5% (10) in mid hypospadias in TIP and other urethroplasty group, respectively, significant result in distal hypospadias. The cosmetic disfigurement rates were 5.88% (1) and 17.64% (3) in distal and 9.09% (2) and 18.75% (3) in mid hypospadias in TIP and other urethroplasty group, respectively. Mean operative time duration in TIP urethroplasty was 90.79 min and 110.15 min in other urethroplasty group and was statistically significant. Conclusion: TIP urethroplasty is a simple procedure for treatment of both mid and distal penile hypospadias, with less complications and satisfactory results as compared to other urethroplasties. Cosmetic appearance of urethral meatus was also more satisfactory with TIP urethroplasty than other urethroplasties.

Congenital renal teratoma with cystic dysplasia in a neonate: Rare entity

Germ cell tumors rarely originate from the kidney. We here present a case of primary intrarenal mature teratoma with renal dysplasia associated with mid penile hypospadias in 26-day-old child. Our case is unusual due to the younger age of child and association of renal dysplasia with primary renal teratoma.

Bypassing The Cuffing Effect In Adult Hypospadias Surgery Diversion

Introduction Urethral stents are frequently used for urinary diversion after hypospadias surgery. The foley catheter is not generally preferred, for the formation of a ‘cuff ’ on deflation of the balloon of all foley catheters that causes difficulty in removal (cuffing effect of balloon). In the literature, there is not comprehensive study on the usage of foley catheter for adult hypospadias surgery. We have recently been using the modified foley catheter that we designed in our patients. In this study, we aim to compare the results of no-balloon catheter (nelaton catheter) and modified foley catheter usage after TIPU operations in adults. Patients and methods The medical records of 53 adult patients who applied TIPU for subcoronal or midpenile hypospadias between November 2008 and September 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were evaluated in two groups based on the performed urinary diversion. Group 1 was composed of 29 patients to whom 16 F nelaton catheter was used for urinary diversion between November 2008-December 2010, whereas Group 2 consisted of 24 patients to whom 12 F foley catheter coated by 16 F nelaton catheter by half was used for urinary diversion between February 2011 – September 2012. Results There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of age, the location of the mea, the number of secondary cases, the length of the neourethra, fistula and urethral stricture (p>0.05). Surgery success rate was 79.3% in Group 1 and 79.1% in Group 2 (p>0.05). At the 6th month follow-up, no statistically significant difference was found between two groups regarding fistula and urethral stricture. In terms of postoperative patient comfort, Group 2 were better than Group 1 (p

Video presentation of the second stage of a two-stage repair for proximal hypospadias: A safe and reproducible technique

ObjectiveThe aims of proximal hypospadias repair are good cosmetic outcomes with low rates of complication, with a low number of operative exposures, before the age of genital difference realisation. Neo-urethral fistula and stenosis are well recognised complications; with international rates of 3.8–16% and 1.3–15.6% respectively. We present the key steps of the second of a two staged repair in video format. MethodVideo recording of the procedure performed on an 18-month-old with mid-penile hypospadias is presented. The steps are described; the importance of tension free tubularisation, layered urethral closure, suture technique, vascularised prepucal graft technique, optimal glanuloplasty, and penile shaft skin repair are highlighted. ResultThe child was brought back to the day ward for catheter removal at 7 days; follow-up in clinic showed good postoperative appearance. This technique has been performed on 31 boys with a fistula rate and stenosis rate favourable to the literature. ConclusionWe demonstrate a two-stage technique by video format for proximal hypospadias which is reproducible and gives results comparable to the literature.