Microwave Steam Distillation Research Articles

Perbandingan Microwave Steam Distillation dan Microwave Steam Diffusion pada Ekstraksi Citronella Oil

Citronella essential oil extraction can be settled through various methods. The extraction method used can affect the quantity of the essential oil obtained. The advanced extraction method provides good efficiency and effectiveness. One of the advanced extraction methods is Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). The MAE method has many developments, including Microwave Steam Distillation (MSD) and Microwave Steam Diffusion (MSDf). In this research, the MSD and MSDf methods were studied by comparing the products of citronella oil obtained. In addition, the general techniques of MSD and MSDf were compared with the MSD and MSDf methods by applying the Chouhan technique. The results showed that the yield extraction of citronella oil using the MSD method was higher than that of the MSDf method, whether with or without the application of the Chouhan technique, where the highest yield was 3.2% (w/w) obtained by using the MSD method combined with the Chouhan technique. Analysis of the refractive index and color of citronella oil products obtained using the MSD and MSDf methods with or without modified by Chouhan technique generally have met the SNI standard. Besides, the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis showed that the main component in citronella oil extracted using the MSD and MSDf methods was the same, namely geraniol, in the value of 48.52% and 46.82%, respectively.

Effects of microwave heating on the antioxidant and insecticidal activities of essential oil of Origanum glandulosum Desf. obtained by microwave steam distillation

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the first time to investigate the efficiency of a new process developed in our laboratory: Microwaves Steam Distillation (MSD) on the oregano essential oil extraction. The selected parameters are steam flow, microwave power and extraction time, the response is essential oil yield. According to the statistical method, a second-order polynomial function was assumed to approximate the yield. The coefficient of determination R2 (91.33%), revealed a quite agreement between experimental and predictive values. Optimal conditions were: 6 g. min-1 for steam flow, 300 W for microwave power and 8 min for time. DPPH tests showed that MSD oil was the most efficient than eugenol, SD oil and the main compounds (carvacrol and thymol), and has comparable antioxidant activity to that of BHT. In the other hand, MSD and SD oils have an insecticidal effect against Rhizopertha dominica, but SD oil was most efficient.

Water as a green solvent combined with different techniques for extraction of essential oil from lavender flowers

Abstract Using water as a green solvent with a variable geometry makes use of physical and chemical phenomena that are fundamentally different from those applied in conventional extraction techniques such as hydro-distillation, steam distillation or solvent extraction. Advantages and drawbacks of using water as a solvent with different physical and chemical states have been compared. A total of ten extraction techniques: hydro-distillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), turbo-hydro-distillation (THD), salt-hydro-distillation (NaCL-HD), enzyme-hydro-distillation (Enzyme-HD), micelle-hydro-distillation (Micelle-HD), ultrasound-hydro-distillation (US-HD) or subcritical water-hydro-distillation (SW-HD), solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and microwave steam distillation (MSD) were used to extract the essential oil from lavender (Lavandula L.) and their results were compared. The quantity was measured by the yield of essential oil and the quality was evaluated using the oil composition especially the content of linalyl acetate, linalool and terpin-4-ol compared with the corresponding control sample: Hydro-distillation. For environmentally friendly of the process: extraction time, total energy consumption and CO2 emission were considered and compared with conventional hydro-distillation. The mechanism explaining the linalyl acetate degradation has been resolved by using COSMO-RS software. Based on the present experimental conditions, it is recommended that lavender oil may be produced preferably by steam distillation assisted by microwave extraction to reduce the by-product formation by various chemical reactions and to get better oil recoveries.

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Microwave steam distillation (MSD) is an advanced steam distillation (SD) technique utilizing a microwave oven in the extraction process. MSD of essential oils from the peel of orange (Citrus auranticum L.) was studied and the results were compared with those of the conventional SD in terms of extraction time, extraction yield/efficiency, chemical composition, and quality of the essential oils. MSD was superior in terms of saving extraction time (140 min, compared to 7 h in SD) and extraction yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of orange peel undergone SD and MSD provided evidences as to a sudden rupture of essential oil glands with MSD. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the extracted essential oils indicated that the use of microwave irradiation did not adversely influence the composition of the essential oils. The result of this study demonstrate that MSD can be used as an alternative method to extract orange essential oil as growth promoter for fish

Extraction of Essential Oils from Citrus By-Products Using Microwave Steam Distillation

The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods: steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions (weight of the sample, extraction time, and microwave power, citrus peel type) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC).
 Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave-assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time, yield of orange oil extracted by (MASD) was (1.150%) in (35min.) compared to (1.095%) in (45min.) by (SD) process, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin.
 The optimal microwave power was (135W) gave oil yield: (1.150%, 1.115%, 0.940%) for orange, lemon and mandarin respectively, (MASD) increased extraction temperature in short time and to a higher level compared to (SD). The optimal weight was (398.56gm) gave yield in (SD): (1.095%) and MASD (1.091%) for orange oil, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin. The best citrus peel type which gave the highest yield was orange followed by lemon then mandarin in both processes.
 Limonene is the most abundant component in citrus essential oil, (GC) analysis showed that (SD) was more convenient to give high amount of limonene because of the graduate temperature rise, while in microwave extraction exposure to low microwave

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophyllata Cloves Extracted by Conventional and Microwave Techniques

In this present study, we evaluated composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of clove essential oil. Volatile oils of Eugenia caryophyllata were isolated from cloves after cryogrinding by three methods, conventional hydrodistillation (HD), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and microwave steam distillation (MSD). The results show that the MAE and MSD techniques constitutes the adequate technique for the extraction operations for the yields and the high content in major component and allows minimizing the energy consumption, the heating time and the formation of artefact products. The proposed methods provide more valuable essential oils with high percentage in eugenol what allows to obtain more biologically active essential oils. The MAE and MSD are green technique since reduce environmental burden (less CO2 in the atmosphere). Essential oils from Eugenia caryophyllata were subjected to in vitro antibacterial assay against human pathogenic Escherichia coli, Klelsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Fusarium culmorum, and Aspergillus carbonarius using disc diffusion method. The antioxidant properties (2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH)) of essential oil and pure eugenol isolated were examined.

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Nigella sativa Seeds Extracted by Microwave Steam Distillation

The essential oil of Algerian Nigella sativa seeds, isolated by microwave steam distillation (MSD) with cryogenic grinding of plant material (CG) were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Two procedures have been investigated, the MSD1 (seeds inside of oven apparatus) and MSD2 (seeds outside of oven apparatus). According to the data values reported in this study the effect of cryogrinding and the technique used on the chemical composition of the essential oils is very important. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (51.2-60.2%) were the main group of CG essential oils compared to CLG (classical grinding) essential oils (33.1-47.8 %). Whereas, the ketones formed the main proportion in CLG essential oils (46.1-59.9 %) followed by CG essential oils (32.7-40.8 %). Forty-nine compounds were identified and significant differences in quantities of the major constituents were observed, mainly were thymoquinone (CLG: 42.3-56.1 % and CG: 28.1-36.0 % ), p-cymene (CLG: 23.1-31.5 %, CG: 33.0- 38.0 %), dehydro-sabina ketone (CLG: 3.1- 3.3 %, GC: 4.4-4.5 %), carvacrol (CLG: 1.3-1.4 %, CG: 0.4-1.1 % ) and longifolene (CLG: 1.5-2.1 %, CG:1.3-1.7 % respectively). On the other hand, the N. sativa essential oil was investigated for its antioxidant activities using four different tests then compared with BHT. Results showed that it exhibit a good activity in each antioxidant system with a special attention for β-carotene bleaching test (IC50: 19 to 28 µg/ml) and reducing power (EC50: 8 to 15 µg/ml).

A comparison of essential oils obtained from lavandin via different extraction processes: Ultrasound, microwave, turbohydrodistillation, steam and hydrodistillation

A total of eight extraction techniques ranging from conventional methods (hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), turbohydrodistillation (THD)), through innovative techniques (ultrasound assisted extraction (US-SD) and finishing with microwave assisted extraction techniques such as In situ microwave-generated hydrodistillation (ISMH), microwave steam distillation (MSD), microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG), and microwave steam diffusion (MSDf)) were used to extract essential oil from lavandin flowers and their results were compared. Extraction time, yield, essential oil composition and sensorial analysis were considered as the principal terms of comparison. The essential oils extracted using the more innovative processes were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained from the conventional techniques. The method which gave the best results was the microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) method which gave reduced extraction time (30min against 220min for SD) and gave no differences in essential oil yield and sensorial perception.

Valorization of citrus by-products using Microwave Steam Distillation (MSD)

Abstract A microwave steam distillation (MSD) of essential oils from fresh citrus by-products (orange peels) was studied. The effectiveness of this innovative method in extraction of citrus essential oils have been evaluated and compared to conventional steam distillation. MSD offers important advantages like shorter extraction time (6 min), cleaner features and provides an essential oil with better sensory properties (better reproduction of natural fresh fruit aroma of the citrus essential oil) at optimized power (500 W). Results from chemical and cytological approaches confirm the effectiveness of this new technique, that allows substantial savings in terms of time and energy. Industrial relevance The treatment of by-products represents a strong demand for industrial fruits processing, which produces tonnages of waste material such as peels, seeds and fibers. The disposal of these materials usually represents an industrial legal restriction problem. Moreover, the waste treatment represents significant costs and is often misjudged by companies. Transformation of waste products with high value-added allows companies to reduce the global treatment costs, sometimes even to take some profits and thus improve their competitiveness. Moreover, the recovery process of by-products is part of the current existing sustainable development and environmental protection.

Improved microwave steam distillation apparatus for isolation of essential oils: Comparison with conventional steam distillation

Steam distillation (SD) is routinely used by analysts for the isolation of essential oils from herbs, flowers and spices prior to gas chromatographic analysis. In this work, a new process design and operation for an improved microwave steam distillation (MSD) of essential oils from aromatic natural products was developed. To demonstrate its feasibility, MSD was compared with the conventional technique, SD, for the analysis of volatile compounds from dry lavender flowers ( Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lamiaceae). Essential oils isolated by MSD were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained by SD, but MSD was better than SD in terms of rapidity (6 min versus 30 min for lavender flowers), thereby allowing substantial savings of costs in terms of time and energy. Lavender flowers treated by MSD and SD were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Micrographs provide evidence of more rapid opening of essential oil glands treated by MSD, in contrast to conventional SD.