Microwave Office Research Articles

A new X‐band frequency up‐converter design for LEO satellite ground station utilizing a single superheterodyne

AbstractIn this work, the advancing wireless revolution (AWR) modeling and Microwave Office tools are used to develop and execute a broadband up‐converter system. Before sending the input frequency to the antenna interface, a radio frequency block upconverts it once to the appropriate frequency level. Mixing blocks, oscillators, amplifiers, step attenuators, isolators, and filters are included. The input frequency (IF) band is MHz, while the output frequency (radio frequency [RF]) band is MHz. The usage of attenuators increases the dramatic range of the circuit. It is a one‐stage up‐conversion circuit that combines the IF band in one pass to create the appropriate RF spectrum. Here, a single phase‐locked oscillator is employed at the local oscillator port of the mixers, while the other is a programmable frequency generator that generates X‐band frequency channels with a 10 MHz spacing.

Model of phase fiber optic sensors

Fiber-optic sensors today represent a dynamically developing industry of optoelectronics. The main advantages of measuring systems based on fiber-optic sensors include a wide range of measured values, high measurement accuracy, immunity of fiber sensors to electromagnetic radiation, fire safety, the possibility of remote and distributed measurements. Currently, in the process of designing optoelectronic devices, software modeling complexes are widely used, which make it possible to evaluate the characteristics of the devices being created. There are a number of software packages, for example optiwave optisystem, microwave office, which allow you to evaluate the directional properties of microwave structures and fiber optics, but these software environments are not designed for direct modeling of fiber devices as sensors, which causes a number of difficulties when using them. Thus, during the creation of the. In the conclusion, the main results of this work are highlighted, as well as an approach for solving such a problem, close to real conditions, is proposed.

БАЛАНСНЫЙ СМЕСИТЕЛЬ

An experimental study of a balanced mixer based on 2A116A-1 diodes was carried out.Conversion losses were measured in the input frequency range of 2450 ± 45 MHz during downconversion to an intermediate frequency of 2125 MHz. Conversion loss does not exceed 20 dB in anarrow band of 2440±10 MHz. The amplitude characteristic of the mixer was taken, from which itcan be seen that it is linear for input signals up to 0 dBm (1 mW). The dependence of conversionlosses on the local oscillator power is studied. It is shown that the minimum losses are observed ata local oscillator power of 13 dBm (20 mW). The combination frequency spectrum at the mixeroutput does not contain parasitic conversion products above minus 50 dB with respect to the usefulsignal in the 100 MHz bandwidth. The mixer is recommended for use in receiving and transmittingequipment and measuring equipment. Comparison with other mixers shows a noticeable advantage- high selectivity in relation to out-of-band signals. This is achieved by applying two bandpass filters and a low pass filter. Three filters were simulated in the Microwave Office softwarepackage. Models and amplitude-frequency characteristics of three filters from Microwave Officeare given. The mixer is made in a frame-type case made of aluminum. It has two ceramic boardssized 24x30 mm (material 22xc). The method of manufacturing a printed circuit board pattern isthin-film technology. The case is closed by two tight covers. All three connectors are typeIX GOST13317, socket.

Design Microstrip Antenna Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this work, particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) models have been built for the design of microstrip antennas in various forms such as rectangular and equilateral triangle antenna. The analysis problem can be defined as to obtain resonant frequency for a given dielectric material and geometrical structure. This approach has a few advantages: giving a clearer and simpler representation of the problem, and totally avoiding binary encoding and decoding so as to simplify software programming. The antenna designed using PSO is implemented using Microwave Office software 7.1 produced in 2007.

Design and Simulation of Equal Split Wilkinson Power Divider İremnur Duru1

In this study, the design and simulation of an equally split C Band Wilkinson Power Divider is presented. It is aimed that the divider distributes the power equally and provides lossless, reciprocal, and high isolation between the output ports. Microstrip technology has been utilized as the design process. A micro strip is a transmission line mounted on a copper conductive material. It has been used 𝜆/4 transformer with characteristic impedance 2 ∙ 𝑍0. In this system, improvements have been made to increase bandwidth and high isolation. The designed divider has been simulated in the AWR Microwave Office. It has been used FR4 substrate with 0.21 mm thickness. Operating frequency has been chosen 7.2 GHz. The designed divider is suitable for good matching and isolation according to S parameter values. While the S21 and S31 values should be -3 dB in theory, it is not possible for us to see this value in the designed systems. From the simulation results, Insertion Loss (S21 and S31), Isolation Loss (S32) are about -3.4 dB, -22 dB respectively. Input (S11) and Output return loss (S22) are respectively about -22 dB and -44 dB. The designed power divider is a passive circuit element used to divide power at the same or different frequencies in mobile and small applications. The simulated power divider has useful in RF applications.

4-D Gesture Sensing Using Reconfigurable Virtual Array Based on a 60-GHz FMCW MIMO Radar Sensor

A novel 4-D gesture sensing technique using reconfigurable virtual array method with a 60-GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is presented. The 4-D sensing includes the 3-D spatial positioning and the 1-D motion tracking, which combines detection in both spatial and temporal domains. The proposed technique can be used for gesture sensing for both macro gestures such as handwriting letters and numbers, hand drawing different patterns in space and micro gestures such as the fingers’ actions of virtual slider, finger tap, and finger wave. Moreover, this work presents a method to reconfigure the working modes of different transmitting and receiving channels in the multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) architecture, which effectively increases the sensing range of the radar sensor and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the beat signal. For various gestures at different distances or in different environments, the proposed technique can adaptively achieve the best detection by reconstructing the virtual array of the MIMO radar. A series of experiments are carried out in both microwave anechoic chamber and office environments to validate the proposed technique. The experimental results show that the proposed technique performs well in sensing a variety of both macro gestures andmillimeter-level micro gestures. Compared with the conventional MIMO method, the proposed technique increases the sensing range by 3.5 times, and the SNR is also greatly improved by 12 dB when the radar performs gesture sensing at the distance of 0.65 m.

ГЕНЕРАТОР С КОАКСИАЛЬНЫМ РЕЗОНАТОРОМ

Autogenerators have found wide application in the receiving and transmitting equipment ofcommunication, navigation and radar, as they determine their stability, power and other importantparameters. The object of research in this work is a 1.5 GHz heterodyne from the C4-60 spectrumanalyzer. Since the technical description of this device does not contain a number of importantparameters, the purpose of the study is to study the frequency run-out, the frequency dependenceon the supply voltage, the harmonic level. A schematic diagram and a brief description of the generatordesign are given. The simulation of a coaxial resonator in the Microwave Office package iscarried out. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the resonator is given. The results of anexperimental study of a 1.5 GHz autogenerator are presented. The estimation of parasitic parametersin the spectrum of the output signal is given. The frequency run-out and modulation characteristicalong the power supply circuit were measured. These data allow us to make a reasonablerequirement for the stability of the supply voltage. The results obtained can be used in the designof receiving and transmitting communication equipment, navigation, electronic warfare. The articlemay be useful for students and teachers of educational institutions in the educational design ofreceiving and transmitting equipment. The following electrical parameters have been achieved:– operating frequency 1500 ±1.5 MHz; – output power of at least 13 dBm; – supply voltage minus12.6 V; – consumption current no more than 60 mA; – frequency run-out in 24 minutes afterswitching on no more than 325 kHz; – frequency departure when the voltage changes from minus5 V to minus 13 V no more than 241 kHz.

Preliminary Analysis of Burn Degree Using Non-invasive Microwave Spiral Resonator Sensor for Clinical Applications.

The European “Senseburn” project aims to develop a smart, portable, non-invasive microwave early effective diagnostic tool to assess the depth(d) and degree of burn. The objective of the work is to design and develop a convenient non-invasive microwave sensor for the analysis of the burn degree on burnt human skin. The flexible and biocompatible microwave sensor is developed using a magnetically coupled loop probe with a spiral resonator (SR). The sensor is realized with precise knowledge of the lumped element characteristics (resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) RLC parameters). The estimated electrical equivalent circuit technique relies on a rigorous method enabling a comprehensive characterization of the sensor (loop probe and SR). The microwave resonator sensor with high quality factor (Q) is simulated using a CST studio suite, AWR microwave office, and fabricated on the RO 3003 substrate with a standard thickness of 0.13 mm. The sensor is prepared based on the change in dielectric property variation in the burnt skin. The sensor can detect a range of permittivity variations (εr 3–38). The sensor is showing a good response in changing resonance frequency between 1.5 and 1.71 GHz for (εr 3 to 38). The sensor is encapsulated with PDMS for the biocompatible property. The dimension of the sensor element is length (L) = 39 mm, width (W) = 34 mm, and thickness (T) = 1.4 mm. The software algorithm is prepared to automate the process of burn analysis. The proposed electromagnetic (EM) resonator based sensor provides a non-invasive technique to assess burn degree by monitoring the changes in resonance frequency. Most of the results are based on numerical simulation. We propose the unique circuit set up and the sensor device based on the information generated from the simulation in this article. The clinical validation of the sensor will be in our future work, where we will understand closely the practical functioning of the sensor based on burn degrees. The senseburn system is designed to support doctors to gather vital info of the injuries wirelessly and hence provide efficient treatment for burn victims, thus saving lives.

Harmonic Balance/Full-Wave Analysis of Wearable Harmonic Transponder for IoT Applications

The article presents a novel design of a compact wearable harmonic transponder with double-plane symmetry, composed of a dual-band patch-type antenna loaded by an HSMS-2820 Schottky diode, operated as a proof of concept at ISM UHF 869 and 1734 MHz frequencies. The antenna is analyzed and optimized for a minimum ground plate size by means of the CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulator, and its reflection coefficient is incorporated into the equivalent circuit model for a combined harmonic balance (HB) and full-wave analysis using the AWR Microwave Office commercial simulator. The transponder performance, including the complex input impedance matching and conversion loss (CL) between the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies on the diode, was evaluated both in free space and when attached to a human muscle phantom. The total harmonic transponder CL, including diode CL, antenna transponder gains, and impedance mismatching, is 6.2 dB for an excitation power of −25 dBm at the antenna–diode interface. The measured reading distances are 9.0 and 8.8 m for equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dBm when the transponder is placed in free space and on the human body, respectively. As a means of machine-to-person communication, the transponder is suitable for the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, e.g., for the identification of pedestrians in traffic, i.e., in a complex environment with unwanted radiation clutter and multipath fading.

Development of a 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMT Process Design Kit for Low-Noise Applications

This work presents a process design kit (PDK) for a 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMT process for low-noise MMIC applications developed for AWR Microwave Office (MWO). A complete set of basic elements is proposed, such as TaN thin film resistors and mesa-resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transistors. The developed PDK can be used in technology transfer or education.

Design of Ultra-Wideband Microstrip Antennas with Slots and Fractal Based Ground Plane

A rectangular microstrip antenna with slotted and fractal based ground plane has been introduced in this paper as a candidate for use in ultra-wideband applications. The slotted ground structure of the proposed antenna has been created on the radiating patch in two steps. At first, two slots have been made in the ground plane which offers a maximum impedance bandwidth (3.22 GHz to 10.6 GHz). In the second design, carpet Sierpinski type of the 2nd iteration are made in the ground plane the calculation bandwidth is (3.2 GHz to 12.6). The presented antenna has been fed with a single 50 Ohm strip line. The resulting antenna has a rectangular patch with dimensions of (11 mm x15mm). The characteristics of the proposed antenna structure have been predicated using full–wave numerical Method of Moment (MOM) by Microwave Office v. 7.5.

Моделирование усилителей мощности в среде Microwave Office

Моделирование усилителей мощности в среде Microwave Office

Designing Of Uwb Bandpass Filter By Cascading Highpass And Lowpass Filter

A Ultra WideBand(UWB) bnadpass filter(BPF)is introduced in this paper. According to the paper, we developed good insertion loss and return loss of bandpass filter by cascade the highpass and lowpass filter intead of using simple bnadpass filter. This research upgrade the outcome and prototype of the bandpass filter for wireless communicaton. In this paper butterworth technique is used in the designing of the bandpass filter. In this paper we designed Ultra-wideband bandpass filter and compare result with the simple bandpass filter also improved the various parameters. Simulations have been performed by using Microwave office 2002.

Ka Band-pass Filter Based on SIW Technology for Wireless Communications

The paper proposes a new third-order Chebyshev bandpass filter based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) manufacturing technology using an inductive iris and a defected ground structure (DGS) station to resonate in the Ka frequency band, intended for wireless communication applications. All steps that are necessary for designing such a filter have been described in detail based on specific analytical equations harnessed to calculate the different synthesizable parameters of the proposed band-pass filter design, such as the coupling matrix, quality coefficients and initial geometric dimensions. The filter’s ideal frequency response is extracted from an equivalent circuit employing localized elements developed with the use of Design Microwave Office Software. Otherwise, HFSS is employed to set the initial parameters of the proposed topology that will not meet the target specifications defined previously. Accordingly, optimization procedures are necessary for different SIW band-pass filter parameters to reach a high frequency response for the proposed design. The detailed results presented show high efficiency of the SIW technology that offers good performance with lower filter volumes. Two topologies have been developed and then optimized to demonstrate the usefulness of EM software

Computer aided design of ferrite lumped element circulators

The results of integrity of narrowband and wideband lumped element circulators design methodology to the computer aided design system of microwave devices AWR Microwave Office are presented in the article. The calculation method of narrow band circulators circuits which consist of serious and shunt tuning capacities is investigated. The simple and visual method of wideband ferrite isolators optimize design based on circulation impedance calculation is described here. The results of design of the ultra wideband circulator with shunt capacity, serious resonant matching circuit and serious resonant circuit between common terminal and ground are considered. The new theoretical results of calculation of two schematics of wideband high power circulators with serious tuning capacity are presented. The first schematic is formed with matching resonant network being connected in serious at each terminal. It is shown that double hump characteristic is realized. The second schematic is formed with serious resonant network connected between common terminal and the ground. It is shown that four-order Tchebycheff characteristic is realized.

Design Of Dipole Microstrip Antenna With Cohen-Minkowski Fractal For 433 433 Mhz Frequency

This final project discusses the design of a dipole microstrip antenna with Cohen-Minkowski fractals for a frequency of 433 MHz which can be applied to Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Band channels. The microstrip antenna uses a substrate made from FR-4 with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a channel impedance of 75 . Antenna design and simulation using AWR Microwave Office 2004 Software.The results of the design using the Cohen-Minkowski fractal can minimize the antenna size by 29% iteration-1, and 40% iteration-2 so as to give a VSWR value of 1.02 for the dipole without iteration, 1.74 for the iteration-1 fractal dipole, and 1, 26 iterations of fractal dipoles. The return loss resulting from the antenna design is -37.7 for the dipole without iteration, -11.29 for the iteration-1 fractal dipole, and -18.69 for the iteration-2 fractal. Then the gain obtained from the antenna design is 4.78 dB for the dipole without iteration, 4.91 dB for the iteration-1 fractal dipole, and 4.78 dB for the iteration-2 fractal dipole. The radiation pattern generated from the antenna is unidirectional.

A 3-bit load-pulling digital power amplifier

AbstractA radio frequency (RF) 3-bit digital power amplifier (DPA) is described in this paper. It consists of three RF amplifiers connected at their outputs with a transmission line (TL) network. The three amplifiers are designed for different output powers (POUT). The TL network allows them to load-pull one other to achieve eight different amplitude states by alternatively enabling and disabling the amplifiers via their gate bias. A prototype was designed in the National Instruments' Microwave Office (MWO) for 500 MHz with the aid of a genetic algorithm to optimize the TL network for all seven active (on-) states. The optimizer efficiencies goals were based on data derived from load-pull simulation. The POUT goals were based on a 1 Vrms step-size. In simulation, ≥50% efficiency was achieved at all on-states with 29.7 dBm peak POUT. A practical prototype based on the simulation achieved an efficiency of ≥40% over all seven on-states. A peak POUT of 28.9 dBm was achieved, with the lowest state at 22.4 dBm.

Design of the 3.7 GHz, 1 kW CW solid state driver for LHCD system of the SST-1 tokamak

Abstract Advances in solid state device technologies have seen its use foray into areas such as microwave heating and powering the RF cavities of an accelerator. This paper explores the possibility of use of a solid state source/driver for current drive systems of tokamaks. The design of a modular solid state source to be used as a driver for klystrons in the LHCD system of SST-1 tokamak is presented. It comprises of solid state power amplifier (SSPA) units, driven by voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and pre-driver (gain) amplifier. The paper discusses about the design methodology and simulation of these individual components. The component and system level computer simulation based on behavioural and file based model was performed using AWR Microwave Office (MWO) software. The linear and non-linear EM analysis of individual components have been carried out to ascertain its performance. The designed VCO delivers an output power of 20.2 dBm and phase noise of -91.64 dB/Hz (100 KHz offset) at 3.7 GHz. The pre-driver stage (gain amplifier) provides a large signal gain of 15.7 dB and return loss of -14 dB at 3.7 GHz. The individual power amplifier draws a continuous wave (CW) output power of 45.2 dBm for an input power of 35 dBm and efficiency of 56.68%. The system simulation results exhibit around 1 kW of output power in ideal conditions.

Virtual measurement system for UHF-transistor amplifiers

Introduction. Measurement systems for research of telecommunication devices and of their elements are difficult to maintain and expensive. Therefore when possible, its may be replaced by virtual measurement systems (VMS), which allow one to perform measurements based on physical parameters of testing device. Aim. VMS development for measuring of amplifiers parameters by means of simulation modeling based on amplifier topology. Methods and materials. VMS is to be used for research of a small signal amplifier (a part of transceiver). It consists of program modules and graphic interface, realized by LabVIEW. The program part contains text modules in LabVIEW syntax, which calculate S-parameters frequency dependencies for an amplifier. For definition of parameters amplifier circuit by a decomposition technique is being split into sequential two-port net-works, which can be described by corresponding matrixes. After determination of frequency dependent matrixes elements, the matrixes are being converted and multiplied. It allows one to obtain frequency dependencies of parameters of an amplifier. VMS interface is a 3-D-rendered on a computer screen front panel of a virtual vector network analyzer with a device under test connected to its test ports. Results. VMS for UHF-amplifiers research based on given topology was described. The calculations of amplifier transmission lines and amplifier in the whole parameters based on corresponding matrixes and their conversions were presented. The algorithm of a measuring system operation was described. 3D measuring complex and objects under test visualization were shown. The comparison with existing software for design and simulation of UHF-devices such as Microwave Office was realized. Conclusions. Contrary to Microwave Office, aimed to solution of synthesis tasks, VMS is aimed to research tasks. It has a realistic visualization of measurement devises and simple parameters input, do not need big computer resources and is free. VMS can be used in educational process, especially for online education, when using of Microwave Office is impossible.

3-4,5 HHZ MMIC QUADRATURE COUPLER DESIGN

The 3-4,5 HHzMMIC quadrature coupler model ispresented. The designingprocess wasperformedat AWR Software1® Microwave Office. The resulting model includes the estimation of key electrical attributes: amplitude-frequency and standing wave ratio indicators. The model could be effectively used in trcmsmit-receive and measuring equipment.