The bamboo powder is liquefied by microwave heating with polyethylene glycol (400), glycerin and EC as liquefiers and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The microwave liquefaction process for bamboo powder polyhydric alcohols is studied with the single factor experiment to determine the optimal liquefaction conditions, which is: mass ratio of polyethylene glycol (400) and glycerin is 80:20; the liquefaction rate is 99% in the liquid-solid mass fraction at 4:1, sulfuric acid mass fraction at 3%, and microwave power at 800W for 15 minute reaction. Hydroxyl value for liquefied product of bamboo powder polyhydric alcohols is 300-400mgKOH/g. Analysis of liquefied products by infrared spectrum and GC-MS shows there are a great many such compounds as alcohol ethers and esters in liquefied products.