Microwave-assisted Technique Research Articles

Evaluation of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of LaFe0.8Cu0.2-xTixO (x=0.1) Perovskite Oxide

This research employed a simple microwave-assisted precipitation technique to produce a hydroxide phase material, subsequently used as a precursor for synthesizing the stable perovskite oxide LaFe0.8Cu0.1Ti0.1O3 by calcination at different temperatures (600 and 800 °C). Microstructural analysis confirmed the creation of a phase-pure stable perovskite oxide after calcination at 800 °C. The initial microwave-assisted precipitation mainly produced a hydroxide phase, as evidenced by XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Further heating of this hydroxide at 800°C resulted in a stable La-perovskite with an orthorhombic structure, unlike the sample processed at 600°C. The successful replacement of Cu/Ti at the B site in the Fe positions of the perovskite's orthorhombic phase, free from any impurities or secondary phases, was confirmed by refined XRD, FTIR, XPS and Raman analysis for the sample calcined at 800°C. Electrochemical testing revealed their promise as supercapatteries electrode materials. The precursor hydroxide phase material exhibited a specific capacitance of 2158.6 F/g at a current density of 0.8 A/g. The materials calcined at 600 °C and 800 °C shown specific capacitances of 1377.8 and 328.5 F/g, respectively, at a current density of 0.8 A/g. Importantly, the sample calcined at 800 °C exhibited distinct redox peaks even at high scan rates, indicating superior electrochemical performance and enhanced retention capabilities compared to other samples in this study.

A review on the role of various machine learning algorithms in microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass waste

The fourth industrial revolution will heavily rely on machine learning (ML). The rationale is that these strategies make various business operations in many sectors easier. ML modeling is the discovery of hidden patterns between multiple process parameters and accurately predicting the test values. ML has provided a wide range of applications in Chemical Engineering. One major application of ML can be found in the microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of lignocellulose bio-waste. MAP is an energy-efficient technology to obtain high-saturated hydrogen-rich liquid fuels. The main focus of this review study is understanding the utilization of various types of ML algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised techniques in microwave-assisted heating techniques for diverse biomass feedstocks, including waste materials like used tea powder, wood blocks, kraft lignin, and others. In addition to developing effective ML-based models, alternative traditional modeling approaches are also explored. In addition to various thermochemical conversion processes for biomass, MAP is also briefly reviewed with several case studies from the literature. The conventional modeling methodology for biomass pyrolysis with microwave heating is also discussed for comparison with ML-based modeling methodologies.

In Situ Synthesis of NPC-Cu2O/CuO/rGO Composite via Dealloying and Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Technique

The nanoporous copper (NPC)-copper oxides (Cu2O/CuO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite structure was synthesized by combining the dealloying process of Cu48Zr47Al5 amorphous ribbons with a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique at a temperature of 200 °C. The main advantage of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process is the oxidation of nanoporous copper together with the in situ reduction of graphene oxide to form rGO. The integration of rGO with NPC improves electrical conductivity and streamlines the process of electron transfer. This composite exhibit considerable potential in electrochemical catalysis application, due to the combined catalytic activity of NPC and the chemical reactivity of rGO. Our study relates the transition to n-type rGO in microwave-assisted hydrothermal reactions, and also the development of an electrode material suitable for electrochemical applications based on the p-p-n junction NPC-Cu2O/CuO/rGO heterostructure. To confirm the formation of the composite structure, structural, morphological, and optical techniques as XRD, SEM/EDX, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy were used. The composite’s electrochemical properties were measured by EIS and Mott-Schottky analyses, showing a charge transfer resistance (Rp) of 250 Ω and indicating the type of the semiconductor properties. The calculated carrier densities of 4.2 × 1018 cm−3 confirms n-type semiconductor characteristic for rGO, and 7.22 × 1018 cm−3 for Cu2O/CuO indicating p-type characteristic.

Multivariate Optimization of a Green Microwave-Assisted Hydrogen Peroxide Digestion of Vegetable Oils and Subsequent Elemental Determination Via Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry

AbstractA microwave-assisted digestion technique based on dilute hydrogen peroxide (MW-AHPD) was developed for multielemental determination in vegetable oils. The determination of ten trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Sn, V, and Zn) was conducted via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after digestion. The most influential parameters were investigated by using multivariate optimization tools (two-level full factorial and central composite design) with percent recovery as the chemometric response. The optimum conditions were 2.0 mol L−1 (H2O2]), 156 °C (digestion temperature), 0.1 g (sample mass) and 50 min (digestion time). Under the optimized conditions, the efficiency of digestion was evaluated based on the residual carbon content (RCC) of the final digests. The RCC values were very low, ranging from 0.84 to 1.60% (m/m). The greenness of the technique was evaluated using the Analytical Eco-scale, and the proposed method was considered an excellent green analysis method with a final score of 90. The accuracy of the optimized MW-AHPD was evaluated by spiking sunflower, olive, and peanut oils at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 μg L−1, and excellent recoveries between 90.3 and 107.3% were reported. The accuracy of the MW-AHPD method was compared with that of microwave-assisted digestion using concentrated HNO3, and there was no significant difference between the two methods. The limits of detection ranged from 0.026 to 14.6 μg L−1. On the other hand, the interday and intraday precisions were less than 6.67 and 6.96%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of trace elements in 5 vegetable oils on the South African market. Thus, MW-AHPD-ICP–OES is applicable for the determination of trace elements in vegetable oils.

A Novel Co-MoS2/RGO-Based Highly Sensitive Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid

This study presents the synthesis of cobalt-doped MoS₂/reduced graphene oxide (Co-MoS₂/RGO) nanocomposites via a microwave-assisted technique. These nanocomposites were meticulously characterized, revealing intricate details of their nanostructure and surface morphology. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated distinct sensing mechanisms for the electrochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) at the Co-MoS₂/RGO interface. The sensor exhibited a diffusion-controlled behavior, achieving remarkable detection limits of 0.013 μM for AA, 0.06 μM for UA, 0.248 μM for AA in the presence of UA, and 0.36 μM for UA in the presence of AA. Additionally, the Co-MoS₂/RGO composite demonstrated impressive individual and selective sensitivities for AA, measuring 8.42 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 2.786 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively, and for UA, measuring 10.628 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 7.25 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. These results highlight the exceptional capability of the Co-MoS₂/RGO nanocomposite to distinguish and accurately quantify concentrations of AA and UA, both individually and simultaneously. Furthermore, the Co-MoS₂/RGO sensor demonstrated outstanding repeatability and reproducibility, consistently delivering high performance even after 15 days. These findings underscore the potential of the Co-MoS₂/RGO-based electrochemical sensor as an ultra-sensitive, highly selective, and dependable tool for real-time sample analysis in practical applications.

Efficient hybrid supercapacitor performance enabled by large surface area of 2D mesoporous zinc sulfide nano-sheets synthesized via microwaves

Researchers have shown a significant amount of interest in synthesizing high energy density supercapacitors using a simplest, fast, and low cost technique. The electrochemical performance of supercapacitors can be impacted by the surface area and morphology of electrode materials. A one-step, rapid, and economical microwave-assisted synthesis technique was employed in this study in order to prepare mesoporous nanosheets that are composed of zinc sulfide. The ZnS-based nanosheets possess a large surface area of ∼120 m2g−1 and a mesoporous structure of a pore diameter of <22 nm, which offers numerous electrochemical active sites and it facilitates an excellent super capacitive performance, which is due to its shortened ion/electron diffusion path. The prepared mesoporous nanosheets exhibit a higher specific capacitance of 2282 Fg−1 (1037 C/g) when subjected to a 1 Ag−1 in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte with high capability rate. The fabricated device exhibits a high specific capacitance of 252.5 Fg−1 (140 C/g) at 1 Ag−1, which produces a remarkable energy density of about 90 Whkg−1 at 800 Wkg−1 value of power density and an excellent retention of ∼95 % after 10,000 cycles at 6 Ag−1. This study designed an instant, straightforward and low-cost approach to fabricate ZnS nanosheet electrode materials that exhibit excellent performance for supercapacitor applications.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of Ag/ZnO/diatomite composites for photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene

In this work, a novel Ag/ZnO/diatomite composites was synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique and used for the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene. Various approaches were used to characterize the structural, morphological, optical and photoelectric properties of the composites. Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene by Ag/ZnO/diatomite composites under visible-light irradiation was investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the degradation efficiency of Ag/ZnO/diatomite composites reaches 90.4 %, which is better than that of ZnO/diatomite composites and ZnO. Ag/ZnO/diatomite composites have a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.01543 min−1, which is 6.57 times more than that of ZnO. Through active species capture experiments, ·O2− and ·OH are the primary active species. Furthermore, the possible degradation mechanisms and pathways are proposed, the high performance of Ag/ZnO/diatomite composites can be attributed to the synergistic effect of ZnO, diatomite and Ag nanoparticles.

Facile Microwave-Assisted Growth of 3D ZnVO Nanomarbles on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid

Simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) is challenging due to close oxidation potential. These biomolecules lie in the human body and have significant roles in many psychological reactions. A slight change in the concentration of these molecules can cause serious health issues; in this context, accurate and timely detection holds significant value in clinical diagnostics. This work demonstrates the synthesis of 3D zinc nanomarbles on 2D graphene oxide sheets using a rapid and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted technique. The porous morphology with thin nanomarbles where (2 2 0) reactive sites were exposed to the environment with enhanced surface area measured 38.29 m2 g-1. The composite ZnVO/rGO has been employed on glassy carbon electrodes, resulting in superior electrocatalytic properties that enable the simultaneous detection of these analytes with wide potential gaps. Notably, the ZnVO/rGO/GCE exhibits simultaneous detection with a working range of AA (100 µM-1000 µM), DA (10 µM-100 µM), and UA (10 µM-100 µM). The detection limits were estimated to be 4.3µM, 0.7µM, and 0.32µM, respectively. The ZnVO/rGO/GCE sensor demonstrates remarkable stability, selectivity, reproducibility, and satisfactory recovery during real sample analysis. The high surface area, porous nature, and thin size of 3D nanomarbles enhance charge transportation, making it promising for electrochemical performance. This study lays the foundation for future advancements in human health monitoring by introducing a novel approach.

Technology Focus: Drilling and Completion Fluids (November 2024)

This year’s primary selections for the Drilling and Completion Fluids Technology Focus reflect now-well-established industrywide emphases on machine learning (ML), automation, and the achievement of successful drilling of CO2 storage wells. Enhanced methods of modeling and monitoring allow time and cost savings while surpassing safety goals and furthering efforts to optimize CO2 storage. Paper OTC 35433 discusses a study centered on accurate gel-strength estimation. The authors leverage ML techniques, particularly the use of artificial neural networks, to develop predictive models for forecasting the gel strength of synthetic oil-based mud systems at both 10-second and 10-minute intervals, surpassing the precision and speed of techniques based on traditional rotational viscometers. In a similar vein, paper SPE 216322 seeks to bypass traditional manual methods of monitoring drilling fluids, its authors describing a novel online system that measures 10 key parameters continuously. They write that the system has been field-trialed across 200 wells with results that highlight the system’s reliability, with continuous operation for over 125 days. Finally, paper SPE 217711 involves evaluating the effects of an influx of CO2 into drilling fluids, a key task in the drilling of CO2 storage wells. Concentrating on oil-based drilling fluid, the presented study describes the development and integration of models for properties of drilling-fluid/CO2 mixtures into an existing software suite. Recommended-reading papers include an investigation of the use of microwave power in recovering oil from contaminated drill cuttings, reduction of the carbon footprint of drilling fluids, and sedimentation behavior of particles in fibrous sweep fluids. As always, the long-sighted ambition of such research, and the skill applied in its pursuit, reflects the commitment to excellence embodied by the authors of technical papers presented at SPE conferences. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 217140 Microwave-Assisted Technique for Oil Recovery From Oily Sludge Shale Drilled Cuttings by A. Agi, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, et al. OTC 34667 Successful Decarbonization of Drilling Fluids by Using Highly Efficient Technology and Reduced Chemical Usage, Logistics, and Casing Sections by Gerardo Jardinez, Pemex, et al. SPE 218631 Application of Machine-Learning Method for Modeling Settling Behavior of a Spherical Particle in Fibrous Drilling Fluids by R.M. Elgaddafi, Australian University, et al.

Advancements in Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of 2-Pyrones: Mechanisms, Methodologies

The Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition is well-known for its effectiveness in synthesizing natural products and multifunctional materials. This article specifically explores the inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition involving 2-pyrones, which display ambiphilic properties due to their unique electronic characteristics. We investigate the mechanisms underlying IEDDA, with a focus on how electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents influence reactivity and product selectivity. Various methodologies are reviewed, encompassing non-catalytic and catalytic approaches. Special attention is given to advancements in microwave-assisted techniques and high-pressure conditions, which enhance both reaction efficiency and selectivity. Additionally, the synthesis of chiral bridged bicyclic lactones from substituted 2-pyrones is examined, illustrating their versatility in organic synthesis. This review underscores the significance of IEDDA cycloaddition in pioneering new synthetic routes for building complex molecular structures.

Preparation, Characterization and Conductivity of SiO2 doped rGO-WO3 Composite for Battery Application

High-performance solid polymer electrolytes are regarded as one of the most promising materials to be used in the development of lithium ion batteries with improved extended life, increased recyclability and increased safety for electric vehicles and energy storage. In this work, a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique was used to produce SiO2-doped rGO-WO3 composite, which possesses outstanding supercapacitor capabilities. This method is simple, low-cost method without using any other capping and reducing agents. The obtained SiO2 doped rGO-WO3 composite structural, morphology and components have been examined by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, UV-visible techniques. It was found that the SiO2 doped rGO-WO3 composite well crystalline and the size range is about 20-30 nm. The SEM morphology results showed that the nanoparticles were stabilized by rGO, having cavity like structure and randomly distributed on the rGO-WO3 matrix. The solid state electrolyte revealed superior lithium ion transference number and cyclic stability. The SiO2 doped rGO-WO3 composite shows improved ionic conductivity of 2.74 × 10-5 S cm-1 at room temperature.

Green Synthesis of Ag-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Using Bael (A. marmelos) Leaves for Wastewater Remediation

Abstract The microwave-assisted technique proved highly successful in harnessing the Bael (A. marmelos) tree's natural properties to synthesize Ag-ZnO nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly manner. Through analysis of the various vibration modes evident in the Fourier transform infrared spectra, it became evident that functional groups are present on the nanoparticle surface, showcasing the intricate chemical composition achieved through this innovative synthesis approach. The nanoparticles dimensions, morphology, and surface features were investigated through advanced techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Analysis revealed that the synthesized Ag-ZnO nanoparticles typically ranged between 15 to 20 nm in size. When subjected to ultraviolet radiation, the silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic prowess, effectively decomposing the dye known as methylene blue. The produced Ag-doped ZnO NPs are very good at reducing dye to 88% in about one hour. Characterization, as well as encouraging photocatalytic and antioxidant qualities, indicate the potential use of these synthesized Ag-doped ZnO NPs for environmental as well as vital uses.

Saraca asoca-assisted green synthesise of ZnO nanoplatelets for photocatalytic activity and adsorption kinetics

ABSTRACT ZnO nanoplatelets (ZnO NPLs) have been successfully synthesised using microwave-assisted technique (400 W, 180 sec) with the plant extract Saraca-asoca. The surface morphology analysis confirms ZnO’s plate-like nanostructure, leading to the creation of ZnO NPLs. The results show excellent photocatalytic performance (at 125 W for both UV and visible light) and effectiveness against malachite green (MG), methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB). Notably, ZnO NPLs break down malachite green (MG) exceptionally well, reaching a maximum degradation efficiency of 92% in under 30 min (UV light). Moreover, ZnO NPLs have been evaluated for MG adsorption characterised by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, alongside the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. In the Freundlich model, the maximal adsorption capacity is determined to be 331 mg/g. These new faceted ZnO NPLs have a great potential for use in photocatalytic and adsorption processes that aim to reduce aqueous pollutants.

The role of microwave radiation in extractive desulfurization of real diesel fuel for green environment: an experimental and computational investigation

The process of removing sulfur compounds and aromatic compounds to produce clean fuel is an important and effective contribution to the processes of mitigating and adapting to climate change. In contrast, it is necessary to find an innovative way to remove sulfur and carcinogenic aromatic compounds because clean, low-sulfur diesel is commonly used in all countries of the world at the present time. Therefore, in this work, we have studied the effect of the microwave radiation power and the irradiation time with the use of more than one type of organic solvent; methanol, acetonitrile and ethyl acetoacetate; as an extractant and solvent to feed ratio impact on the removal of sulfur and aromatic compounds of a real diesel fuel feed which has 450 ppm sulfur content and 16 wt% aromatic Content. The results showed that the best solvent used during this work was ethyl acetoacetate. According to the results, high sulfur removal (≈ 92%) was accomplished with microwave-assisted extractive desulfurization technique under the following ideal conditions: the irradiation time is 7 min, the solvent feed ratio is 3:1 and the microwave intensity is 180 W. To reveal the mechanism of microwave-assisted extractive desulfurization via different organic solvents, a theoretical study including structural examination and interaction energy analysis on the interaction between dibenzothiophene (DBT) or dimethyl dibenzothiophene (DMDBT) and the different organic solvents was also conducted.

Chitosan supported hetero-metallic bio-nanocomposites for paracetamol removal from homogeneous solutions and heterogeneous mixtures with focused antibacterial studies

Biopolymers infused with bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit a wide range of functionalities necessary for efficiently eliminating diverse water contaminants. However, the protracted production process requires further exploration. As such, present study seeks to optimize microwave-assisted technique for the facile synthesis of cross-linked chitosan (CTS) supported bimetallic-oxide nanoparticles, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron-oxide (Fe3O4), denoted as CTS-TTP/Zn-Fe. The primary objective is to investigate the efficacy of these beads in the removal of Paracetamol (PCM) from single and complex water matrices while also assessing their antibacterial properties. Characterization includes chemical composition, surface structures, thermal stability, and magnetic properties. The experimental results demonstrated that CTS-TPP/Zn-Fe beads achieved a remarkable PCM removal efficiency of ~99 % (qm = 4.98 mg g−1), with a Zn:Fe mole ratio of 1:1. The experimental data showed good applicability with Freundlich isotherm and chemisorption-supported rate models (R2 > 0.9). To evaluate the long-term viability and practicality of these beads, three crucial field applicability tests were conducted. These encompassed competition studies with other pharmaceuticals, desorption investigations for repeated use, and efficiency evaluations in an ionic solution. Collectively, this research provides a comprehensive understanding, spanning from material design to practical applications, with potential relevance for large-scale wastewater treatment when coupled with appropriate flux control measures.

Optimization of Bioactive Compounds Extraction from Platanus Orientalis Leaves using Microwave-Assisted Technique

Optimization of Bioactive Compounds Extraction from Platanus Orientalis Leaves using Microwave-Assisted Technique

Microwave-assisted, sulfhydryl-modified β-cyclodextrin-silymarin inclusion complex: A diverse approach to improve oral drug bioavailability via enhanced mucoadhesion and permeation

The current study aimed to generate a sulfhydryl-modified β-cyclodextrin-silymarin complex (sulfhydryl-modified β-CD-SMN complex) and to evaluate the enchantment in solubility, permeability, and bioavailability of a model BCS Class IV drug silymarin (SMN). For this purpose, sulfhydryl-modified β-CD was synthesized by replacing all primary and secondary –OH groups at the β-CD backbone with sulfhydryl groups via a novel microwave-assisted technique. Afterward, sulfhydryl-modified β-CD was complexed with silymarin and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, no. of sulfhydryl groups and their oxidative stability, solubility, safety, mucoadhesion, release, diffusion, and rheological studies were performed. Furthermore, in-vivo studies were conducted to confirm enhanced pharmacokinetic properties of silymarin. Sulfhydryl-modified β-CD showed 8291 ± 418 μmol/g sulfhydryl groups that were prone to oxidation at pH ≥ 5, however, most of the sulfhydryl groups were found stable at pH 4 having a pKa value of 8.3. Modified β-CD oligomer showed improved solubility of SMN, significantly enhanced drug transport across goat intestinal mucosa, 78-fold improved mucoadhesion, improved drug dissolution and 4.4-fold enhanced dynamic viscosity. No toxic effects were reported to Caco-2 cells at 0.5 % (m/v) concentration of sulfhydryl-modified β-CD for 24 h. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of SMN was 6.9-fold enhanced on goat intestinal mucosa. Moreover, in-vivo studies confirmed a significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of SMN due to combination with sulfhydryl-modified β-CD. Based on these findings, the sulfhydryl-modified β-CD-silymarin inclusion complex can be a promising technique to enhance the bioavailability of BCS Class IV drugs via enhanced solubility, mucoadhesion, and permeability triple action.

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of αβ-Ni(OH)2 nanoflowers on nickel foam for ultra-stable electrodes of supercapacitors

Transition metal hydroxides (TMHs) are considered promising materials for supercapacitors because of their high theoretical capacitance and tunable morphology. Among TMHs, nickel hydroxide stands out for its multiple oxidation states, facilitating charge storage. This paper reports on a novel microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique employed to synthesize mixed-phase nickel hydroxide nanoflowers directly at the surface of nickel foam substrates with improved electrochemical stability compared to pure phases of nickel hydroxide. The analysis of nickel hydroxide in different phases alpha, beta and mixed-phase materials using physiochemical techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, RAMAN, FT-IR and TGA is explained. The areal capacitance calculated from GCD tests for α-Ni(OH)2, β-Ni(OH)2 and αβ-Ni(OH)2 is estimated 7.35 F/cm2, 2.66 F/cm2 and 5.12 F/cm2 at a current density of 10 mAcm−2. The mass-specific capacitance calculated from GCD tests for α-Ni(OH)2, β-Ni(OH)2 and αβ-Ni(OH)2 is estimated 2311 Fg−1, 688 Fg−1 and 1511 Fg−1 at a current density of 10 mAcm−2. The cyclic stability test revealed the superior cycling performance of nickel hydroxide in mixed-phase as the cathode of an ultralong supercapacitor with nearly 100% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 50 mAcm−2. The proposed synthesis technique advances the efficiency and control of nanostructure geometry, providing insights into the design for electrodes of extreme-performance supercapacitors. However, conventional synthesis methods are time-consuming and energy-intensive. These findings underscore the potential of mixed-phase nickel hydroxide as an outstanding electrode material with extended cyclic performance for supercapacitors, contributing to the improvement of energy storage technologies in the renewable energy landscape.

Synergistic effect of SGO/Nickel cobalt sulfide nanocomposite on Ni-foam for supercapacitor performance with widened potential windows − A microwave-assisted synthesis

Designing of high-performance supercapacitors with superior energy storage capabilities is crucial for addressing the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions. In this study, we investigate the synergistic effect of a sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) /nickel-cobalt sulfide (NiCoS) nanocomposite on Ni-foam for supercapacitor applications. The SGO/NiCoS nanocomposite exhibits improved electrochemical performance, including increased specific capacitance, enhanced rate capability, and widened operating potential windows. The material exhibits a high energy density of 117.76 Wh/kg and a power density of 503.24 W/kg. The ASC also showed superior electrochemical stability, retaining 90 % of its coulombic efficiency after 10,000 cycles. The combination of NiCoS and SGO on Ni-foam significantly augments energy and power density, making it an attractive material for advanced supercapacitors. The microwave-assisted synthesis technique employed in this study enables rapid and uniform heating, reducing reaction times and improving selectivity. This work demonstrates the potential of SGO/ NiCoS nanocomposites on Ni-foam for supercapacitors, highlighting the benefits of synergistic material combinations and efficient synthesis methods.

Whiteness, redness, blueness and greenness profile assessment and design of experiments approach to microwave-aided sensitive and green spectrofluorophotometric determination of baclofen.

As a gamma amino butyric acid-ergic agonist, Baclofen is often prescribed to adults and children for the treatment of severe spasticity that originates in the brain or spinal cord. Even after reviewing the literature extensively, no one has documented a method for estimating baclofen using microwave-assisted stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric techniques, despite the abundance of options for baclofen stability, assay, and bioanalysis. Organic solvents, which are typically necessary for current procedures but may be costly and toxic, have a severe effect on aquatic life and the environment. Using green solvents and 4-chloro-7-nitrobezofuran as a fluorescent probe, this work conducted a stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric estimate of baclofen. Through the use of a design-of-experiments technique, a reliable microwave-aided spectrofluorimetric method was developed, with little solvent consumption and time for sample analysis. Prior to conducting response surface analysis and optimizing important variables and responses, a fractional factorial design was used to screen method variables and responses. A central composite design was then employed for these purposes. This flexible spectrofluorimetric technique was used to assess baclofen concentrations in forced degraded samples and marketed formulations. For baclofen determination, the suggested spectrofluorimetric approach was found to be green, quick, easy to use, economical, and user-friendly.