Microwave Anechoic Chamber Research Articles

Correction of antenna far-field image error data based on spherical scanning

The antenna pattern is an important graph for measuring antenna performance, and various parameters of the antenna can be observed from the antenna pattern. The method of obtaining antenna far-field pattern through near-field measurement technology and near-to-far-field transformation algorithm has the advantages of being free from environmental interference, low cost, and fast speed, making it an effective research method. In the process of spherical near-field measurement, it is necessary to ensure the stable operation of the probe used for measurement. If one of the probe channels is abnormal, it will have a serious impact on the measurement of the antenna pattern. This article proposes an algorithm for repairing near-field measurement data through Newton interpolation based on spherical scanning. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by using the HFSS simulation data and the measured data of the microwave anechoic chamber. It is proved that the algorithm proposed in this paper has obvious effect on improving the accuracy of antenna pattern.

Rice Height Estimation with Multi-Baseline PolInSAR Data and Optimal Detection Baseline Combination Analysis

Rice is a primary food source, and height is a crucial parameter affecting its growth status. Consequently, high-precision, real-time monitoring of quantitative changes in crop height are required for improved crop production. Polarimetric interferometric SAR (PolInSAR) has both polarization and interferometric observation capabilities. Due to the short height of crops and rapid growth changes, the large spatial and short temporal baselines of PolInSAR data are essential for effective crop height inversion; however, relevant satellite-borne SAR and airborne SAR data are currently limited. This study presents a PolInSAR rice height inversion algorithm that uses the oriented volume over ground (OVoG) mode with PolInSAR 0-time and controllable spatial baseline data from a LAMP microwave anechoic chamber. Exploiting the advantages of microwave anechoic chamber measurement data, which includes continuous frequency bands, multiple baselines, and varied incidence angles, the influences of incident angles, baseline length, number of baselines, and baseline combinations are assessed. The highest accuracy rice plant height inversion has a root mean square deviation (RMSE) of 0.1093 m and is achieved with an incidence angle of 35–55°, baseline length of 0.25°, and three to four baselines. Furthermore, an imaging geometric equivalence analysis provides reliable foundation data to guide research into new earth observation SAR systems. The results indicate that, under simulated observations from the GF3 satellite at an altitude of 755 km, the optimal spatial baseline ranges for various frequency bands are as follows: L-band: 10.93–42.59 km; S-band: 4.10–15.97 km; C-band: 2.48–9.64 km; X-band: 1.36–5.32 km; Ku-band: 0.87–3.40 km. Notably, the measurement modes corresponding to the C, X, and Ku bands are ultimately identified as the most suitable for PolInSAR rice height inversion.

A Flexible Wearable Antenna with Annular Solar Eclipse Structure for ISM/WLAN/WIMAX/Bluetooth Applications

This paper proposes a wearable flexible dual-band antenna that covers the 2.34–2.68 GHz and 4.05–5.26 GHz frequency bands. This antenna employs a novel nested imitation annular solar eclipse structure, where the main radiator is a gradually widening loop, and another loop is coupled inside the radiator. The antenna, with overall dimensions of 40 ∗ 32 ∗ 0.3 mm³, utilizes polyimide as the dielectric material. The gain, efficiency, and cross-polarization of the antenna were tested using a microwave anechoic chamber. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 6 dBi and a maximum efficiency of 79.6%. We tested the SAR of the antenna at 10 mm from the human body, which was significantly below the international standard of 2.0 W/kg. The flexible antenna presented in this paper exhibits a broad low-frequency bandwidth, enabling coverage of various communication bands such as ISM, WLAN, WIMAX, and Bluetooth. The antenna delivers satisfactory simulation and measurement results while meeting the requirements of minimizing radiation exposure to the human body.

A multi-frequency and multi-mode metasurface energy harvester for RF energy harvesting

Metasurface energy harvesters (MEHs) lessen the dependence of wireless communication devices on batteries or other external power sources by capturing untapped electromagnetic energy in the surroundings. In this paper, we propose a multi-frequency and multi-mode microwave metasurface for efficient radio frequency (RF) and microwave energy harvesting. The MEH is comprised of a sub-wavelength resonant ring array, which can harvest RF energy in both Wi-Fi and 5 GHz bands. A feeding network is designed to integrate the TE and TM wave energy collected by the MEH into two separate networks that each gather AC energy and deliver them to the resistive loads. In terms of the simulation’s results, the efficiency of energy harvesting at frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 3.1 GHz, as well as 3.6 GHz is 91.3%, 88.9%, and 73.9%, specifically. We manufactured a 6 × 6 array sample and conducted experiments utilizing a microwave anechoic chamber. The simulation results and results from experiments were approximately identical. The proposed design has potential applications in various fields, such as efficient wireless energy harvesting systems, self-powered devices, which has a significant potential on the environment and the energy sector by reducing carbon emissions and reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources.

A Flexible Multiband Dendritic Structure Fractal Antenna for 4G/5G/WLAN/Bluetooth Applications

In this study, a flexible multiband fractal antenna mimicking dendrite structure is proposed and designed by combining bionics and fractal theory. The dendritic structure of neurons is extracted and simplified into a simple and clear geometric structure. The initial antenna model is obtained by fractal operation on the geometric structure, and finally, four effective bands are obtained. The antenna is printed on a 50 ∗ 70 ∗ 0.1 mm3 polyimide dielectric board and fed by a coplanar waveguide. This paper discusses the effect of the human body on the performance of the antenna and the robustness of the antenna in the bending regime. The gain, efficiency, and cross-polarization of the antenna were tested using a microwave anechoic chamber. The measured antenna covers 1.37 GHz-1.93 GHz (relative bandwidth 35%), 2.25 GHz-2.51 GHz (relative bandwidth 10.7%), 3.13 GHz-3.81 GHz (relative bandwidth 19.3%), and 4.46 GHz-5.5 GHz (relative bandwidth 21.1%) four operating frequency bands. The maximum gain is 6.05 dBi and the maximum efficiency is 91.05%. The antenna can be used for Bluetooth WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), 4G (4th Generation Communication System), 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication System), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), etc. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which proves that the antenna can meet various wireless communication requirements.

Improving the Pulse-Limited Footprint Resolution of GNSS-R Based on the Novel Joint Bandwidth Method

The bistatic global navigation satellite system’s (GNSS) signal reflection technology has become an effective means of space-based sea surface wind field retrieval and height retrieval. By adopting a wider signal bandwidth, a higher pulse-limited footprint resolution can be achieved. However, for the GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) system, its signal bandwidth is affected by the signal bandwidth of the GNSS satellite, which limits the further improvement of the pulse-limited footprint resolution. This article proposes a method based on the novel signal bandwidth joint principle to improve the resolution of GNSS-R pulse-limited footprints. Firstly, currently in-orbit GNSS-R satellites use the traditional single frequency band (TSFB) method, which is limited by the GNSS satellite’s signals and has a theoretical upper limit on its signal bandwidth. In response to this issue, this article proposes the novel joint bandwidth (NJBW) method (Galileo E5a and E5b signals) based on the auto-correlation function (ACF) signal ambiguity theory. The NJBW method reduces the main lobe width of the ACF of the GNSS-R signal by jointly processing the signals of E5a and E5b frequency bands, thus improving the pulse-limit footprint resolution of GNSS-R. Secondly, in order to verify the improvement effect of the novel joint bandwidth method on the pulse-limited footprint resolution of GNSS-R, this paper designs and fabricates an NJBW antenna verification prototype for the joint Galileo E5a and E5b frequency band and tests it in a microwave anechoic chamber. The test results indicate that the radio frequency (RF) bandwidth of the NJBW antenna validation prototype can cover both the frequency bands of E5a and E5b, making it suitable for use as the NJBW method for the GNSS-R receiving antenna. The bandwidth test values of the NJBW antenna validation prototype are consistent with the design values, which verifies the correctness of the NJBW antenna design model and further proves the feasibility of the NJBW method. Thirdly, based on the joint Galileo E5a and E5b frequency band signals, the NJBW method was applied to analyze the improvement effect of the pulse-limited footprint resolution. Compared to the TSFB method, the application of the NJBW method can increase the resolution of the GNSS-R pulse-limiting footprint by 1.73 times, which effectively improves the performance of the GNSS-R system. The NJBW method proposed in this article provides the theoretical method foundation and key technical support for sea surface wind field retrieval and height retrieval and the antenna design for the future high-precision and high pulse-limited footprint resolution GNSS-R sea surface wind field retrieval and height retrieval verification satellite.

Accurate 2-D DoA Estimation Based on Active Metasurface With Nonuniformly Periodic Time Modulation

A novel direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method based on amplifier-integrated active metasurface is proposed to find multisource directions by a single-channel system. Nonuniformly periodic time modulation (NPTM) on the metasurface reduces the hardware complexity by taking full advantage of the spectral resources. As a result, only partial metasurface elements are required to achieve 2-D DoA estimation, while the remaining elements can be redesigned and encoded to control electromagnetic waves. Thus, adaptive beamsteering can be expected to realize in a full-duplex way. Moreover, the amplifiers in the metasurface can function as modulation units to generate the required harmonics and enhance signal quality. The nonideality of the modulated square wave due to the active devices is allowed without affecting the estimation accuracy. An active metasurface prototype composed of 5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 5 elements is fabricated and measured in the microwave anechoic chamber for multisource direction finding. The measured maximum error is 0.31 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> , which is high accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art works. Thus, the proposed method has application values in the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless communications, and radar.

Optically transparent conformal ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber based on ITO conductive film

An optically transparent metamaterial absorber with polarization insensitivity and wide-angle absorption is proposed. The absorber, which consists of an indium tin oxide resistive film and a low-loss substrate, is optically transparent and conformal. By tuning the reflection response of the frequency-selective surface and the thickness of the spacer layer, the whole structure achieves an absorption of more than 97% in the range of 6.54–18.66 GHz. Numerical simulation results show that the absorber can still maintain an absorption rate of more than 85% in a wide range of oblique incidence angles from 0° to 60°. In addition, the intrinsic physical mechanism of the absorber is elucidated using the impedance matching theory and the distribution of surface currents. The ratio of dielectric loss and ohmic loss is also quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the sample were measured in a microwave anechoic chamber, which showed a good agreement with the simulation results. This design uses a low-resistivity resistive film as a frequency-selective surface, which was rarely involved in previous studies, and provides a new idea for future design and application.

Millimeter-Wave Conformal Directional Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Substrate-Integrated Waveguide

Conformal antennas have been widely used in many fields due to their advantages of low air resistance and better visual appearance. In this paper, an arced conformal leaky-wave antenna (LWA) for a designable directional beam is proposed. The antenna is achieved based on a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). On the upper surface, a series of non-uniform transverse slots are etched. In order to guide the design of the antenna, as another key contribution of this work, a theoretical model for the traveling-wave structure is established. Using the model, the radiation property of the LWA is analyzed. In addition, by inputting the desired beam direction, the structural parameters of the LWA can be generated through the model. To verify the performance of the antenna and the model, an LWA prototype working at 28 GHz was fabricated and tested in a microwave anechoic chamber. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The antenna achieved a gain of 9.96 dBi with cambered surface area of 1.89 λ02. The proposed method may be a promising candidate for conformal wireless communication applications.

Design of Miniaturized FSS with High Angular Stability Utilizing a Novel Closed Loop

In this paper, we propose a miniaturized 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) frequency selective surface (FSS) structure with high angular stability. A novel closed-loop FSS is formed by combining the Jerusalem cross (JC) structure with the conventional rectangular closed loop using vias. This approach further enhances the coupling performance of the FSS and thus achieves miniaturized design. The unit cell size of the proposed FSS is 0.019λ0 × 0.019λ0 at the resonant frequency, and the metal is printed on a dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.003λ0. The proposed FSS has a resonant frequency of 850 MHz and exhibits band-stop characteristics. It is insensitive to the incident angle with a good operating performance in both the TE and TM wave modes. Therefore, it can be well used as an electromagnetic shield for the GSM 850 band. In order to facilitate the rapid analysis and design of the FSS, the equivalent circuit model is further analyzed and established, and values of the corresponding lumped components are derived. In addition, a prototype FSS is fabricated using printed circuit board technology and is tested in a microwave anechoic chamber. The full-wave analysis simulation, equivalent circuit model simulation, and practical measurement results reflect a high level of consistency.

Over-the-Air Antenna Array Calibration for mmWave Hybrid Beamforming Systems Based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain Method

The antenna phase calibration is critical for the millimeter wave (mmWave) hybrid beamforming communication system. Especially, with the increasing number of antennas being deployed in future massive MIMO systems, it is unrealistic to calibrate each antenna path in a microwave anechoic chamber. This work proposes a phase calibration based on over-the-air (OTA) scheme for mmWave hybrid beamforming systems, where the calibration process is performed automatically by the online signal transmission. The challenge for the OTA-based phase calibration is the imperfect channel estimation due to the phase error. To solve the challenge, we simplify the channel estimation process by integrating the beam alignment and phase calibration process. Consequently, the phase calibration is formatted to an MMSE-criterion based optimization problem solved by the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) with probabilistic conversion improved Gibbs sampling method. Furthermore, an alternating iteration algorithm is developed to calibrate phase deviation for both the transmitter and receiver. We also extend our method to solve the joint amplitude and phase calibration problem. According to the simulation result, the calibration results outperform existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 15dB. Besides, the proposed method exhibits a high beamforming gain during the calibration process, which paves the way for future massive device deployment in a practical system.

An Electromagnetic Information Theory Based Model for Efficient Characterization of MIMO Systems in Complex Space

It is the pursuit of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system to approach and even break the limit of channel capacity. However, it is always a big challenge to efficiently characterize the MIMO systems in complex space and get better propagation performance than the conventional MIMO systems considering only free space, which is important for guiding the power and phase allocation of antenna units. In this manuscript, an Electromagnetic-Information-Theory (EMIT) based model is developed for efficient characterization of MIMO systems in complex space. The group-T-matrix-based multiple scattering fast algorithm, the mode-decomposition-based characterization method, and their joint theoretical framework in complex space are discussed. Firstly, key informatics parameters in free electromagnetic space based on a dyadic Green's function are derived. Next, a novel group-T-matrix-based multiple scattering fast algorithm is developed to describe a representative inhomogeneous electromagnetic space. All the analytical results are validated by simulations. In addition, the complete form of the EMIT-based model is proposed to derive the informatics parameters frequently used in electromagnetic propagation, through integrating the mode analysis method with the dyadic Green's function matrix. Finally, as a proof-or-concept, microwave anechoic chamber measurements of a cylindrical array is performed, demonstrating the effectiveness of the EMIT-based model. Meanwhile, a case of image transmission with limited power is presented to illustrate how to use this EMIT-based model to guide the power and phase allocation of antenna units for real MIMO applications.

Broadband absorption of macro pyramid structure based flame retardant absorbers

• A flame retardant and microwave absorbing carbon nanotube/ammonium polyphosphate composite is prepared by a simple process. • The wave transparent flame retardant coating ensure the flame retardant and absorbing material not be ignited under open fire. • The the maximum absorption bandwidth can reach 14.36 GHz by the pyramid structure. • The designed pyramid structure can ensure the absorption bandwidth of 14 GHz at the incident angle within 60°. Flame-retardant materials with good electromagnetic wave absorption play an increasingly important role in Over-the-Air (OTA) tests in microwave anechoic chambers. In this work, carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate (CNTs@APP) composite were prepared by crosslinking with the silane coupling agent (KH550). The flame retardancy is improved with the increase of APP. However, the microwave absorption performance (MAP) and processing difficulty changed greatly as well. Therefore, magnesium aluminum double-layer metal hydroxide (LDH) was obtained by coprecipitation method and processing into the coating, so as to realize flame retardancy which reaches the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 24.8% and good MAP at the same time. Then, a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS™) was used to simulate the pyramid model to realize the broadband absorption, and the optimal parameter range was obtained, that is, when the total height of the material is 40 mm, the height of the base accounts for 1/5–1/3, and the tangent of the half top angle is near 1/5, which result in the best MAP. Finally, the broadband absorption of 14.36 GHz (3.64–18 GHz) was realized when the base height is 1/3, and the broadband absorption of 14 GHz (4–18 GHz) can be realized under the condition of large-angle oblique incidence of 0°–60°. Based on the pyramid structure of flame retardant absorbers, the obtained samples possess both good flame retardancy and microwave absorption, which show great application prospects in the field of OTA test, broadband microwave absorption performance, and brodaband oblique incidence absorption.

Using a Pair of Different-Sized Spheres to Calibrate Radar Data in the Microwave Anechoic Chamber

Traditional radar calibration methods often use one standard sphere as the standard calibration object, but researchers seldom discuss the size and the material content of the calibration sphere. We propose using a pair of different-sized spheres to verify the standard method. In a microwave anechoic chamber, the simulated and measured results show that the radar cross-section (RCS) values of two spheres with radii of 0.15 m and 0.05 m in the Mie region differ from their physical cross-sections in the optic region, and only in the optic region, their difference of RCS value (i.e., 9.5424 dB) can be approximately equal to the theoretical one (i.e., 9.6803 dB). Thus, radar calibration should be conducted in the same scattering region for both the calibration object and the calibrated target. The use of two different-sized spheres can aid in three applications: (1) verifying the scattering regions, (2) searching the pure area in the microwave anechoic chamber, and (3) locating the positions of the targets in the range profiles.

Measurement and Analysis of Radar Signals Modulated by the Respiration Movement of Birds

Once, bird respiration was thought to be responsible for the 10 dB-level fluctuations in the radar signals of birds. Although, recently, many researchers provide evidence against this, there are almost no quantification measurements of the contribution of respiration to bird signals in microwave anechoic chambers. Here, we first measured the radar signals modulated by the respiration of birds in a microwave anechoic chamber. Theoretically, the simulated signal fluctuation caused by the respiration of a 1 kg standard avian target (SAT) duck is approximately 1.2 dB based on the water sphere model. Then, experimentally, in a microwave anechoic chamber, we measured the signal fluctuations produced by the respiration movement of ducks using a dynamic system composed of a network analyzer and a high-speed camera. We tracked continuous radar data of a living duck and a dead duck within the S-band, X-band, and Ku-band, and then presented them using low-resolution range profiles (LRRP) and high-resolution range profiles (HRRP). The results indicate that respiration movement causes periodic signal fluctuation with a respiration rate of approximately 0.7 Hz, but the amplitudes within S-band, X-band, and Ku-band are approximately 1 dB level, much less than the 10 dB level. Respiration is not responsible for the 10 dB-level periodic signal fluctuation in radar echoes from birds.

Design of Dual-Stopband FSS With Tightly Spaced Frequency Response Characteristics

This letter proposes a dual-stopband frequency selective surface (FSS) with tightly spaced frequency response characteristics. The metal layer of this FSS structure is composed of a metal strip of a bow-type ring and a metal strip of a square ring type, which forms the center symmetric ring structure. This dual-band FSS can achieve reflection characteristics at 6.29 and 8.35 GHz, which belong to C-band and X-band, respectively. In addition, two resonant frequencies can be independently controlled for good flexibility. This structure has excellent polarization stability and angular stability. Furthermore, a prototype sample of the proposed structure in this letter is processed and produced, and the test results are highly consistent with the simulation structure after being measured in a microwave anechoic chamber.

4-D Gesture Sensing Using Reconfigurable Virtual Array Based on a 60-GHz FMCW MIMO Radar Sensor

A novel 4-D gesture sensing technique using reconfigurable virtual array method with a 60-GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is presented. The 4-D sensing includes the 3-D spatial positioning and the 1-D motion tracking, which combines detection in both spatial and temporal domains. The proposed technique can be used for gesture sensing for both macro gestures such as handwriting letters and numbers, hand drawing different patterns in space and micro gestures such as the fingers’ actions of virtual slider, finger tap, and finger wave. Moreover, this work presents a method to reconfigure the working modes of different transmitting and receiving channels in the multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) architecture, which effectively increases the sensing range of the radar sensor and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the beat signal. For various gestures at different distances or in different environments, the proposed technique can adaptively achieve the best detection by reconstructing the virtual array of the MIMO radar. A series of experiments are carried out in both microwave anechoic chamber and office environments to validate the proposed technique. The experimental results show that the proposed technique performs well in sensing a variety of both macro gestures andmillimeter-level micro gestures. Compared with the conventional MIMO method, the proposed technique increases the sensing range by 3.5 times, and the SNR is also greatly improved by 12 dB when the radar performs gesture sensing at the distance of 0.65 m.

Dual-band electromagnetically induced transparent metamaterial with slow light effect and energy storage

The realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on metamaterials has special properties, such as strong slow-light, frequency-selection and so on, which have allowed EIT to be widely used in the fields of slow-light, optical storages and filters. In this paper, a metamaterial with two pairs of split ring resonators and one cut-wire is designed to achieve dual-band EIT effect at 0.5–2.14 GHz and 0.4–2.10 GHz with independently tunable bandwidths of 1.64 GHz and 2.7 GHz, respectively. The coupled Lorentz model is adopted to principally study the coupling characteristics between dark and bright modes. It is shown that the coupling strength between the dark and bright modes could be modulated by the coupling distance, which make the dual-band transparent window could be independently modulated by only changing the coupling distance between the bright and dark mode. The group delay and energy storage are also simulated by setting the Gaussian pulse signal passing through the EIT structure. The results show that the group delay of the designed EIT structure is 16.9 times that of the same thickness of dielectric material. The manufactured metamaterial is tested in a microwave anechoic chamber. The experimental and theoretical results are well consistent. These results could be beneficial for the development of EIT research toward some up-and-coming novel slow-light, optical storage, sensor and optical filter applications.

MFFNet: Multi-Path Features Fusion Network for Source Enumeration

Source number determination is important for some communication applications. Existing source enumeration methods are sensitive to the number of snapshots, the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of sources. In the letter, we propose a multi-path features fusion network (MFFNet) to enhance the source enumeration accuracy. The inherent multi-scale scheme of Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) and the path augmentation scheme of Path Aggregation Network (PANet) are exploited, which fuses the spatial feature of the array and the temporal feature of snapshots. The proposed method can extract sufficient information about sources from the original snapshots of array without conventional received sample covariance matrix. Experimental results illustrate that MFFNet outperforms the counterparts on the real data collected in microwave anechoic chamber in terms of detection probability. The source codes are available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/fanrongca/MFFNet</uri> .

Spatial deception suppression for wideband linear frequency modulation signals based on fractional Fourier transform with robust adaptive beamforming

Wideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal is popular for target detection and imaging in wideband array radar systems. In this paper, a novel and robust adaptive wideband digital beamforming (DBF) algorithm is proposed for suppressing the deception jamming of wideband LFM signals. Firstly, wideband LFM echoes are treated as narrowband signals using fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) with a specific order. Secondly, a robust and adaptive narrowband DBF method based on steering vector estimation, covariance matrix reconstruction, and low-pass filtering are applied to suppress deception jamming. Finally, the inverse FrFT is performed to transform the processing results back to the time-domain wideband signals. Compared with the conventional time- and frequency-domain wideband beamformers, the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the amount of calculation and computational complexity. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress deception jamming, and its interference suppression capability is approximately like that of an optimal beamformer. Furthermore, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified with the experimental data in a microwave anechoic chamber.